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1.
随着“30·60”双碳战略的提出,探 索我国城市低碳建设途径刻不容缓。研究证 明空间规划是结构性控碳的重要手段。现行 国土空间规划体系中尚未形成低碳空间规划 技术方法及相关标准,如何通过国土空间规 划编制助力国家“30·60”双碳目标的实现, 仍然是亟待解决的重要课题。本文从国土空 间规划的前身城乡规划与土地利用规划所对 应的学科视角出发,选取两学科领域涉及低 碳研究的国内文献,通过CiteSpace软件提取 其关键词并进行可视化处理,对比分析两学 科在低碳空间规划研究进展中的阶段特征 及热点异同。提取空间碳计量方法、空间规 划要素与碳排放影响关系以及低碳空间规划 方法三个主要研究内容进行研究侧重与相应 结论的文献比对,基于两学科研究的差异性与互补性特征,整合性梳理国土空间规划体系下的低碳规划技术纳入路径与内容衔接关系,为 国土空间规划中低碳技术方法与标准制定提供参考与依据。  相似文献   
2.
卓智慧  刘晖 《室内设计》2021,(2):132-140
历史校园景观风貌是由建(构)筑 物、景观环境、空间格局等有形的物质形态 与校园历史、传统、活动等无形的人文特征 组成,具有历史记录、科学艺术、情感记忆、 场所精神等价值。根据在历史校园景观风 貌遗存的组成中,各历史时期的校园景观风 貌遗存所占比重的相互关系,可将历史校园 归纳为“单一风貌主导型”和“多时期风貌 杂糅型”两类。此外,还有一些历史校园仅 遗留下了个别单体遗存,遗存间的时空联系 性较弱,本文将其归纳为“散点遗存型”。历 史校园从属于文化景观遗产范畴。城市历史 景观(HUL)是文化景观遗产保护的景观方 法,运用HUL的理论及方法,对历史校园景 观风貌进行保护更新研究,在校园动态发展 的前提下,针对不同类型的历史校园,提出保 护方法及更新策略,实现历史校园景观风貌 更好的保护和延续。  相似文献   
3.
Urban streets support citizens’ daily commuting and social and recreational activities. Streetscape is also a visual resource and an important part of urban landscape appearance. Serving as an important ecological base and natural components of urban spatial structure, mountains often determine a city’s spatial layout and landscape identity so as to promote mountaincity integration. The study focuses on the historic downtown of Jinan, a typical mountainous city, analyzes the landscape aesthetic visual characteristics of street pedestrian spaces, and measures their landscape visual aesthetic quality by using panoramic images; the research then evaluates the visibility of high-visual-aesthetic-quality urban mountainous landscape to urban streets; finally, based on the overall landscape visual aesthetic quality evaluation results of urban street pedestrian spaces, the paper proposes a series of optimization suggestions of the streets at different levels to improve the harmony with urban mountain landscapes. The study hopes to provide a reference for the creation of mountain–city-integrated urban landscapes, as well as the healthy and sustainable urban development.  相似文献   
4.
This paper asks how the livability of socially disadvantaged urban neighborhoods can be improved with the help of publicly funded area-based urban regeneration. It builds on the history of area-based regeneration policies in Germany aiming at upgrading and resolving urban problems at the neighborhood level. Its main argument is as follows. First, the fate of conventional physical upgrading policies focusing on the livability of deprived urban areas depends on the development environment. While successful upgrading sometimes makes inner-city neighborhoods so attractive that they run into a trend towards gentrification and displacement of the urban poor, the stabilization of less privileged areas cannot always be guaranteed. Second, alternative approaches are needed, linking limited physical upgrading with socially oriented policies, building on strategies like neighborhood management and empowerment. Third, they can make a substantial contribution to stabilizing deprived neighborhoods, thereby improving the general living conditions and the opportunities of the urban poor. However, they require at least some permanent intervention. Thus, they transcend the logic of area-based regeneration normally limited to restoring faith into the private real estate market and thereby directing inward investment into them that improves the quality of the physical environment. Fourth, they are hardly able to overcome significant negative stigmatization in cities that are severely hit by economic downturn and population decline. This is especially true when they act as arrival areas for consecutive waves of migrants, making it necessary to redefine the role of those areas in cities and accepting their high concentration of urban problems as a starting point for different area-based policies dealing with them. The key empirical background of the paper is the German system of urban development grants and an evaluation of the so-called program of “socially integrative city”.  相似文献   
5.
During the hot summer season, using electricity systems increases the local anthropogenic heat emission, further increasing the temperature. Regarding anthropogenic heat sources, electric energy consumption, heat generation, indoor and outdoor heat transfer, and exchange in buildings play a critical role in the change in the urban thermal environment. Therefore, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was applied in this study to investigate the heat generation from an indoor electricity system and its influence on the outdoor thermal environment. Through the building effect parameterization (BEP) of a multistorey urban canopy scheme, a building energy model (BEM) to increase the influence of indoor air conditioning on the electricity consumption system was proposed. In other words, the BEP+BEM urban canopy parameterization scheme was set. High temperatures and a summer heat wave were simulated as the background weather. The results show that using the BEP+BEM parameterization scheme of indoor and outdoor energy exchange in the WRF model can better simulate the air temperature near the surface layer on a sunny summer. During the day, the turning on the air conditioning and other electrical systems have no obvious effect on the air temperature near the surface layer in the city, whereas at night, the air temperature generally increases by 0.6 ℃, especially in densely populated areas, with a maximum temperature rise of approximately 1.2 ℃ from 22:00 to 23:00. When the indoor air conditioning target temperature is adjusted to 25–27 ℃, the total energy release of the air conditioning system is reduced by 12.66%, and the temperature drops the most from 13:00 to 16:00, with an average of approximately 1 ℃. Further, the denser the building is, the greater the temperature drop.  相似文献   
6.
When choosing sites for monitoring of soil moisture for hydrological purposes, a suitable process that considers the factors influencing soil moisture level should be followed. In this study, two multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, the multi-influencing factor (MIF) method and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, were used to identify the optimal soil moisture monitoring (SMM) sites in the Dry Creek Catchment in South Australia. The most representative areas for nine SMM sites were obtained using the MIF method, considering the factors of rainfall, soil type, land use, catchment slope, elevation, and upslope accumulated area (UAA). The AHP method was used to select the optimal sites using the site-specific criteria. 30.3% of the catchment area in the Australian Water Resources Assessment Landscape (AWRA-L) Grid_DC2 can be considered acceptable as representative area with the MIF method. Four potential sites were evaluated for each AWRA-L grid using the relative weights of the site-specific criteria with the AHP method. The Grid_DC2 required two sites that had the highest overall weight chosen with the AHP analysis. The procedure was repeated for the remaining four AWRA-L grids within the study area to select the required SMM sites.  相似文献   
7.
我国国土空间规划体系建设强调资 源保护和统筹,为水生态空间更新从工程型 思维转向生态优先和以人为本提供了难得机 遇。选取新加坡ABC水计划为案例,尝试揭 示其有效提升资源利用效率和生态、社会、 文化等整体效益的途径和动因。在梳理水体 规划理念演变的基础上,解析水生态空间的 管理机构改革与网络治理模式:成立专门的 政府内部工作委员会,制定整体规划框架、 具体实施细则以及相关规章制度以明确权 责,搭建平台实现多部门信息共享和沟通协 商;通过示范项目,培育政府机构、开发商、 公众等多元行动主体间的信任;推行专业人 才计划,建立完善的认证机制和奖惩措施, 调动各主体积极参与日常维护。  相似文献   
8.
In recent decades, the urban water sector has experienced accelerating social complexity that derives from conflicting goals and beliefs, making the sustainability of the sector primarily a governance issue. However, existing governance models do not reflect the new reality. There is thus an urgent need to develop an urban water governance model reflecting this increasing complexity, to support sustainable governance. We integrate concepts from sociology, institutional theory and sustainability transitions to build a governance framework that includes interactions of social structures, and practices, shaped by different institutional logics and categorised at strategic, tactic, operational, and reflexive level.  相似文献   
9.
随着我国城乡遗产类型与时空谱系的 拓展,1949年新中国成立初期以及1978年改革 开放至今,与革命文化、社会主义先进文化相关 的城市标志性建筑、地段逐渐作为中华文化连 续文明传承见证的空间载体纳入到我国城乡历 史文化保护传承体系中。为此,本文将城市地标 作为城市历史景观构成要素,基于关联性、整体 性、历时性视角,建立了从地标与城市多维度关 联关系识别其公共文化价值的研究方法。该方法提出了区位关系、功能权属、形态特征、称谓方式四大地标特征识别要素和目标导向、权力话 语、审美风尚、社会思潮四项价值解析线索,通过对1949—2019年重庆市中心城区79处地标样本 的解析,揭示出上述阶段重庆乃至全国城市建设与经济、社会、文化历史背景的内在关联逻辑,以 期为1949年新中国成立后优秀历史建筑的普查筛选与保护实践提供判别、指导依据和为我国当 代城市建成环境文脉研究提供理论参考。  相似文献   
10.
人、气味和建筑环境之间的相互 关系,成为过去十多年来嗅觉景观研究的焦 点。本文从气体测量与扩散模拟、嗅觉感知 评估、嗅觉的交叉模式研究、模拟和复制嗅 觉环境、人工智能与大数据研究等五个方面 系统性地回顾了嗅觉景观的研究方法。结合 案例,作者提出了从宏观(城市)、中观(街 道)、微观(人)尺度营造城市嗅觉景观的 设计方法,并指出嗅景设计中应当考虑包容 性。最后展望了未来嗅觉景观的研究方向。  相似文献   
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