首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   2372篇
  免费   216篇
  国内免费   78篇
电工技术   62篇
综合类   160篇
化学工业   118篇
金属工艺   10篇
机械仪表   22篇
建筑科学   1250篇
矿业工程   34篇
能源动力   128篇
轻工业   64篇
水利工程   105篇
石油天然气   65篇
无线电   41篇
一般工业技术   58篇
冶金工业   49篇
原子能技术   7篇
自动化技术   493篇
  2024年   7篇
  2023年   34篇
  2022年   63篇
  2021年   68篇
  2020年   77篇
  2019年   69篇
  2018年   67篇
  2017年   73篇
  2016年   130篇
  2015年   99篇
  2014年   189篇
  2013年   155篇
  2012年   146篇
  2011年   229篇
  2010年   125篇
  2009年   179篇
  2008年   139篇
  2007年   181篇
  2006年   146篇
  2005年   117篇
  2004年   69篇
  2003年   93篇
  2002年   26篇
  2001年   26篇
  2000年   22篇
  1999年   17篇
  1998年   12篇
  1997年   6篇
  1996年   8篇
  1995年   8篇
  1994年   3篇
  1993年   6篇
  1992年   8篇
  1991年   6篇
  1990年   14篇
  1989年   3篇
  1986年   6篇
  1985年   4篇
  1984年   3篇
  1983年   3篇
  1981年   11篇
  1980年   3篇
  1978年   2篇
  1977年   2篇
  1976年   2篇
  1964年   1篇
  1963年   1篇
  1962年   1篇
  1961年   2篇
  1960年   2篇
排序方式: 共有2666条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Urbanization was associated with loss and transformation of the oak forest in the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. Paul) metropolitan area (TCMA) over a recent 7-year interval. Between 1991 and 1998, urbanization increased based on several indicators: population density, area of developed land, and area of impervious surface—total impervious area and area within three classes of increasing degree of imperviousness (protected, affected, and degraded). We quantified relationships between changes in urbanization and changes in several parameters describing the oak forest at the scale of ecological subsection. Increased total and affected impervious area were strongly correlated with decreased area of oak forest when changes of the urbanization indicators and oak were expressed as percentages of the subsection area. Relationships were reversed when changes were expressed as percentages of the 1991 values. Increased population density was strongly correlated with increased loss in numbers and increased isolation of oak patches, but weakly correlated with loss of oak forest area. This is the first study to quantify relationships between changes in urbanization and changes in a specific forest cover type. Our results demonstrate complexities of urbanization impacts on a metropolitan forest resource, and highlight the importance of selected variables, spatial and temporal scales, and expressions of change when quantifying these relationships.  相似文献   
2.
Exchanges of total N and C between a river and its floodplain forest have been enhanced by sedimentation processes during flood pulses at a 5‐ha bottomland hardwood forest located at the Olentangy River Wetland Research Park in central Ohio. In the spring of 2000, the forest was hydrologically restored by notching an artificial levee that had separated the Olentangy River and its floodplain forest for 100 years. One‐hundred flat sediment traps (30 cm × 30 cm) were used to collect sediment samples during spring/summer flooding events from 2003 to 2005. Results showed that sediment deposition is determined by the landscape variability during flooding events, Net sediment deposit in the wettest area averaged 134 ± 12 g‐dry wt m?2 in 2003, 127 ± 17 g‐dry wt m?2 in 2004 and 149 ± 23 g‐dry wt m?2 in 2005. Total N and C sedimentation ranged from 0.49 to 0.92 g‐N m?2 and 5.2 to 19.9 g‐C m?2. Fe dominates the sediment chemistry and results show the elemental abundance in the order of Al > Fe > Ca > K > Mg > S > P > Na > Mn > Zn > B > Cu > Mo. A hydrologic pulsing index (HPI) could be used as an indicator for mass changes of energies with hydrologic pulsing events. Restoration of seasonally flooded bottomland forests could stimulate potentially large nutrient and Fe releases, which would eventually lead to an enhanced forest productivity and biodiversity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
3.
Identification of gaps in mangrove forests with airborne LIDAR   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Mangrove forests change frequently due to disturbances from tropical storms, frost, lightning, and insects. It has been suggested that the death and regeneration of trees in small gaps due to lightning may play a critical role in mangrove forest turnover; however, the large-scale quantification of spatial pattern and areas of gaps is lacking for investigating this issue. Airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology provides an effective way for identifying gaps by remotely obtaining direct measurements of ground and canopy elevations. A method based on an alternative sequential filter and black top-hat mathematical morphological transformation was developed to extract gap features. Comparison of identified gap polygons with raw LIDAR measurements and field surveys shows that the proposed method successfully extracted gap features in mangrove forests in Everglades National Park. There are 400–500 lightning gaps per square kilometer in mangrove forests at the study sites. The distribution of gap sizes follows an exponential form and the area of gaps with sizes larger than 100 m2 account for 55–61% of the total area of gaps. The area of gaps in the mangrove forest in Everglades National Park is about 4–5% of the total forest area and the average gap formation rate is about 0.3% of the total forest area per year, indicating that lightning gaps play an important role in mangrove forest dynamics.  相似文献   
4.
森林火灾是造成森林资源破坏的重大灾害之一。作者根据近年来从事森林火灾卫星监刚的实践,结合国内外有关利用气象卫星监测林火的资料,介绍了林火卫星监测的原理、方法和实用效果。  相似文献   
5.
梅瑶炯 《中国园林》2006,22(4):39-44
合肥市政务文化新区儿童乐园的概念性方案,充分考虑了儿童的心理和成长交流需要,以儿童的自发活动为特色,兼顾各类活动设施,创造丰富活动空间,构筑了一个富有感染力、空间变幻多彩的都市儿童乐园.  相似文献   
6.
7.
空间的塑造--厦门海湾公园设计   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
海湾公园利用植物、地形、大海与湖泊的周边环境等景观要素,运用隐喻、对比的手法,创造丰富、神秘、变化的空间,注重空间灵活的使用功能及其良好的人性化.  相似文献   
8.
对现行的森林火情监测方法进行了分析比较。根据实际存在的难题,提出了料为产用的实施方案及应采取的技术措施,进行了实地试验,取得较好的效果。  相似文献   
9.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service uses the term palustrine wetland to describe vegetated wetlands traditionally identified as marsh, bog, fen, swamp, or wet meadow. Landsat TM imagery was combined with image texture and ancillary environmental data to model probabilities of palustrine wetland occurrence in Yellowstone National Park using classification trees. Model training and test locations were identified from National Wetlands Inventory maps, and classification trees were built for seven years spanning a range of annual precipitation. At a coarse level, palustrine wetland was separated from upland. At a finer level, five palustrine wetland types were discriminated: aquatic bed (PAB), emergent (PEM), forested (PFO), scrub-shrub (PSS), and unconsolidated shore (PUS). TM-derived variables alone were relatively accurate at separating wetland from upland, but model error rates dropped incrementally as image texture, DEM-derived terrain variables, and other ancillary GIS layers were added. For classification trees making use of all available predictors, average overall test error rates were 7.8% for palustrine wetland/upland models and 17.0% for palustrine wetland type models, with consistent accuracies across years. However, models were prone to wetland over-prediction. While the predominant PEM class was classified with omission and commission error rates less than 14%, we had difficulty identifying the PAB and PSS classes. Ancillary vegetation information greatly improved PSS classification and moderately improved PFO discrimination. Association with geothermal areas distinguished PUS wetlands. Wetland over-prediction was exacerbated by class imbalance in likely combination with spatial and spectral limitations of the TM sensor. Wetland probability surfaces may be more informative than hard classification, and appear to respond to climate-driven wetland variability. The developed method is portable, relatively easy to implement, and should be applicable in other settings and over larger extents.  相似文献   
10.
Exploiting synergies afforded by a host of recently available national-scale data sets derived from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and passive optical remote sensing, this paper describes the development of a novel empirical approach for the provision of regional- to continental-scale estimates of vegetation canopy height. Supported by data from the 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), the National Elevation Dataset (NED), the LANDFIRE project, and the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001, this paper describes a data fusion and modeling strategy for developing the first-ever high-resolution map of canopy height for the conterminous U.S. The approach was tested as part of a prototype study spanning some 62,000 km2 in central Utah (NLCD mapping zone 16). A mapping strategy based on object-oriented image analysis and tree-based regression techniques is employed. Empirical model development is driven by a database of height metrics obtained from an extensive field plot network administered by the USDA Forest Service-Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. Based on data from 508 FIA field plots, an average absolute height error of 2.1 m (r = 0.88) was achieved for the prototype mapping zone.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号