Donald Redfield Griffin (1915-2003).

Presents an obituary for Donald Redfield Griffin, who passed away on November 7, 2003. Dr. Griffin was noted for rigorous research in animal behavior, founding the field of cognitive ethology and suggesting that animals have subjective feelings and conscious thoughts that are amenable to scientific study. Dr. Griffin demonstrated that bats emit high-frequency sounds with which they can locate objects as small as flying insects and coined the term echolocation, and he conducted extensive studies of the manner in which birds orient toward home. Many scientists were influenced by him and showed great respect for this remarkable scientist. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Supply Hub in Industrial Park (SHIP): The value of freight consolidation

Industrial parks, characterized as a cluster of enterprises situated in one location to share common resources, have played an indispensible role in boosting regional economic and industrial development. However, further development has been impeded by the shortage of land space, especially for the construction of warehouses. This paper proposes the concept of Supply Hub in Industrial Park (SHIP) as a promising approach addressing this challenge. SHIP is defined as a public provider of warehousing and logistics services for manufacturing enterprises located within an industrial park. The research reported in this paper focuses on evaluating the value of freight consolidation, one of the typical benefits of applying the SHIP approach. Two mathematical models of the supply chain in a typical industrial park are formulated: with and without SHIP. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied for solving the two models, and sensitivity experiments are conducted for comparative analysis between the two scenarios. The computational results show that through consolidating shipments, SHIP brings benefits to the whole industrial park. Total cost savings resulted from the application of SHIP would increase with the size of the supply chain, the vehicle capacity, and the rates of fixed transportation costs and holding costs of finished products at manufacturers.     

武汉丽人源生物科技发展有限公司产业园及无菌车间设计

通过对武汉丽人源生物科技发展有限公司园区及无菌车间设计的介绍,阐述工业园及工业厂房的设计思路,探讨其发展策略、发展方式和实施策略。     

大鼠缺血性卒中光化学模型研究

本文基于光化学反应机理，对大鼠缺血性卒中光化学模型进行研究，指出光化学反应诱导ＶＥＣ功能异常，从而加速了血小板聚集，导致血管栓塞。该模型制作简单，相对非侵害，有可能替代大脑动脉闭塞的缺血性卒中模型。     

饲用微生物添加剂应用效果的研究及存在问题

本文研宄了动物肠道菌群与生产性能的关系。总结了国内外大量研究成果后发现,饲用微生物添加剂对仔猪、内鸡、肥育牛有较好的促生长作用和抗病防病作用。其主要作用机制为:维持肠道菌群正常化;调节营养物质的消化吸收;产生非特异性免疫调节因子及防止产生有害物质等。最后指出了微生物添加剂研究与应用中存在的问题,并提出了建议。     

Multi-residue method for detecting coccidiostats at carry-over level in feed by HPLC–MS/MS

A multi-residue HPLC–ESI–MS/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous extraction, detection and confirmation of the 11 coccidiostats referenced by Regulation 2009/8/EC (lasalocid sodium, narasin, salinomycin sodium, monensin sodium, semduramicin sodium, maduramicin ammonium alpha, robenidine hydrochloride, decoquinate, halofuginone hydrobromide, nicarbazin, and diclazuril) in feedstuffs at carry-over level. The sensitivity of the method allows quantification and confirmation for all coccidiostats below target concentration. The method was in-house validated and meets all criteria of European legislation (2002/657/EC). The precision of the method was determined under repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility conditions; RSD_r and RSD_R were below the maximum permitted values for every tested concentration. The specificity was checked by analysing representative blank samples and blank samples fortified with potentially interfering substances (benzimidazoles, corticosteroides, triphenylmethane dyes, quinolones, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, phenicols); no interference were found. Concerning quantification, a quadratic regression model was fitted to every calibration curve with a regression coefficient r ² above 0.99 on each data set. Finally, the expanded uncertainty U was calculated with data obtained within the laboratory while applying the method during validation and in routine tests.     

再生动物蛋白纤维水刺非织造布的生产技术

利用具有吸湿、透气、抑菌、保健等性能的再生动物蛋白纤维开发生产了不同面密度、不同厚度的功能性水刺非织造布;对该产品的生产设备、生产工艺进行了探讨;制定了动植物蛋白纤维水刺非织造布的企业标准,填补了该产品的国内空白及质量标准规定的空白。再生动物蛋白纤维水刺非织造布这一功能性产品的开发成功将进一步拓展非织造布的应用领域。     

Genomic analyses and biological validation of candidate genes for rectal temperature as an indicator of heat stress in Holstein cattle

Heat stress is a major cause of welfare issues and economic losses to the worldwide dairy cattle industry. Genetic selection for heat tolerance has a great potential to positively affect the dairy industry, as the gains are permanent and cumulative over generations. Rectal temperature (RT) is hypothesized to be a good indicator trait of heat tolerance. Therefore, this study investigated the genetic architecture of RT by estimating genetic parameters, performing genome-wide association studies, and biologically validating potential candidate genes identified to be related to RT in Holstein cattle. A total of 33,013 RT records from 7,598 cows were used in this study. In addition, 1,114 cows were genotyped using the Illumina 150K Bovine BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Rectal temperature measurements taken in the morning (AMRT) and in the afternoon (PMRT) are moderately heritable traits, with estimates of 0.09 ± 0.02 and 0.04 ± 0.01, respectively. These 2 traits are also highly genetically correlated (r = 0.90 ± 0.08). A total of 10 SNPs (located on BTA3, BTA4, BTA8, BTA13, BTA14, and BTA29) were found to be significantly associated with AMRT and PMRT. Subsequently, gene expression analyses were performed to validate the key functional genes identified (SPAG17, FAM107B, TSNARE1, RALYL, and PHRF1). This was done through in vitro exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to different temperatures (37°C, 39°C, and 42°C). The relative mRNA expression of 2 genes, FAM107B and PHRF1, significantly changed between the control and heat stressed PBMC. In summary, RT is heritable, and enough genetic variability exists to enable genetic improvement of heat tolerance in Holstein cattle. Important genomic regions were identified and biologically validated; FAM107B and PHRF1 are the main candidate genes identified to influence heat stress response in dairy cattle.     

Risk factors associated with lameness and hoof lesions in pasture-based dairy cattle systems in southeast Brazil

Cattle lameness is an important welfare concern that also has an economic impact on the dairy industry. It can be a significant problem among pasture-based herds. Our objectives were to identify cow- and herd-level factors related to lameness and hoof lesions in dairy cows grazing year-round in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We performed a cross-sectional study in 48 pasture-based dairy herds, visiting each farm in a single visit. We evaluated 2,262 cows for mobility score (0–3) and 392 cows for hoof lesions. We used a questionnaire and checklist to capture herd management data. All information obtained was used to build multivariable models. The factors associated with lameness were low body condition score, longer time spent in the corral, being kept in paddocks during the drought period, and poor hygiene. For hoof lesions, track features were the most significant factor in determining the likelihood of heel horn erosion, white line fissure, and sole hemorrhage—by more than 3 times. Different factors related to unhygienic conditions such as leg cleanliness, frequency of cleaning, and longer time spent in the corral were associated with infectious hoof lesions. Poor human–animal relationship was related to sole hemorrhage, but patient handling of cows on the track was a protective factor against interdigital hyperplasia. The results of this study suggest that improving hygiene conditions, track features, and cow handling can improve dairy cattle mobility scores in pasture-based farms under tropical conditions. These findings also represent a first step toward planning actions aimed at decreasing lameness and hoof lesions in the studied region.     

Transfer and uptake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into meat and organs of indoor and outdoor reared pigs

This study was designed to investigate how and to what extent PCDD/Fs and PCBs are transmitted from exposure sources to porcine muscle and other tissues derived from pigs. The experimental approach involved two longitudinal studies in which indoor and outdoor pigs were reared to market readiness using typical animal husbandry practices; closely matched samples of soil, feed, bedding, meat, etc. were collected and analysed for PCDD/Fs and PCBs. The total PCDD/F?+?PCB WHO-TEQs in pig liver were much higher than in meat and kidney samples from the same animals and exceeded the current relevant European Union maximum limits (6?ng PCDD/F-TEQ?kg^?1?fat). Liver samples were also characterised by much lower PCB contributions to the total TEQ than for the corresponding meat and kidney samples, and by a predominance of many of the hepta- and octa-substituted PCDD/Fs. At ages approaching market readiness, TEQ values in meat samples from outdoor pigs tended to be slightly higher than those from comparable ages in the indoor programme, possibly due to additional intake from soil. Biotransfer factors (BTFs) were derived for each of the 39 PCDD/F and PCB congeners measured. Interpretation of the findings focused particularly on trends in four selected congeners, namely: 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, PCB 153 and PCB 169. Increases in the BTF for PCB 169 in the pig-rearing programmes were noticed when the diet changed from being dominated by sow's milk to feed. Much higher transfer factors for many of the more heavily chlorinated PCDD/Fs (e.g. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF) were found in liver compared with meat or kidney samples from the same animals. Soil consistently accounted for at least 30% of input for many hexa- or higher chlorinated PCDD/Fs, while it rarely representing more than 10% of the total intake.