Metal-doped carbon aerogels as catalysts during ozonation processes in aqueous solutions

The efficiency of Co(II)-, Mn(II)-, and Ti(IV)-doped carbon aerogels for the transformation of ozone into (*)OH radicals was investigated. The carbon aerogels had a markedly acid surface character (pH(PZC approximately equal) congruent with 3-4) with very high surface oxygen concentrations (O approximately equal with 20%). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the samples showed the oxidation state of the metals was +2 for Co and Mn and +4 for Ti. The presence of Mn(II)-doped carbon aerogel enhanced ozone transformation into (*)OH radicals, whereas the presence of Co(II) and Ti(IV) carbon aerogels presented no activity in this process. Moreover, it was observed that an increase in the concentration of Mn in the surface of the aerogel increases its efficiency to transform ozone into (*)OH radicals, with an Rct value ([OH]/[O(3)]) of 5.36 x 10(-8) for the aerogel doped with 16% of surface Mn(II) compared to an R(ct) of 2.68 x 10(-9) for conventional ozonation. Regardless of the aerogel used, XPS analysis of the ozonated aerogel samples showed an increase in the concentration of surface oxygen when the exposure to ozone was longer. However, presence of oxidized metal species after ozone treatment was only detected in the case of the Mn-doped aerogel, (Mn(III) and Mn(IV)). CO(2) activation of carbon aerogel produced a marked increase in its efficiency to transform ozone into (*)OH radicals compared with non-activated sample. The efficiency of Mn activated carbon aerogel to transform ozone into (*)OH radicals was greater than that of Witco commercial activated carbon or H(2)O(2) in the ozonation of water from Lake Zurich (Zurich, Switzerland).     

南水北调西线工程深埋隧洞岩爆问题浅析

对岩爆问题进行了探讨,详细分析了工程区各种因素对岩爆的影响,对岩爆区的临界埋深进行了预测,并从改善预应力条件、预注水、加固围岩等方面提出了有关岩爆的防治措施,以减少岩爆的发生概率。     

格栅与粉土的拉拔试验研究

根据一般拉拔试验的原理,采用反力架、钢筋焊接试验槽、应力环等设备对格栅与粉土间的拉拔试验做了全面的研究。试验过程中综合考虑了不同的含水量和不同的竖向压力对格栅与土体间摩擦系数的影响,从而得出了不同的摩擦系数。     

Efficiency of activated carbon to transform ozone into *OH radicals: influence of operational parameters

Based on previous findings (Jans, U., Hoigné, J., 1998. Ozone Sci. Eng. 20, 67-87), the activity of activated carbon for the transformation of ozone into *OH radicals including the influence of operational parameters (carbon dose, ozone dose, carbon-type and carbon treatment time) was quantified. The ozone decomposition constant (k(D)) was increased by the presence of activated carbon in the system and depending on the type of activated carbon added, the ratio of the concentrations of *OH radicals and ozone, the R(ct) value ([*OH]/[O3]), was increased by a factor 3-5. The results obtained show that the surface chemical and textural characteristics of the activated carbon determines its activity for the transformation of ozone into *OH radicals. The most efficient carbons in this process are those with high basicity and large surface area. The obtained results show that the interaction between ozone and pyrrol groups present on the surface of activated carbon increase the concentration of O2*- radicals in the system, enhancing ozone transformation into *OH radicals. The activity of activated carbon decreases for extended ozone exposures. This may indicate that activated carbon does not really act as a catalyst but rather as a conventional initiator or promoter for the ozone transformation into *OH radicals. Ozonation of Lake Zurich water ([O3] = 1 mg/L) in presence of activated carbon (0.5 g/L) lead to an increase in the k(D) and R(ct) value by a factor of 10 and 39, respectively, thereby favouring the removal of ozone-resistant contaminants. Moreover, the presence of activated carbon during ozonation of Lake Zurich water led to a 40% reduction in the content of dissolved organic carbon during the first 60 min of treatment. The adsorption of low concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on activated carbon surfaces did not modify its capacity to initiate/promote ozone transformation into *OH radicals.     

基于逆向工程的孔浮动位置度公差建模和配准

在应用逆向工程技术对零件孔浮动位置度误差的检测中,提出一种孔位置度公差边界模板与被测孔的配准算法。根据位置度公差的平面浮动特点,将被测孔与孔公差边界模板向基准平面投影,建立被测孔的平面影响区域、区域中心以及边界模板中各孔中心线在基准平面的投影。定义了模板孔投影中心到被测孔影响区域中心的距离测度和相应的权重系数。结合对应点的加权利弗博格—马夸特迭代计算,实现了孔位置度公差边界模板与被测孔的合理配准。通过实例验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

TD-LTE网络基于AoA+TA功能的接入控制应用

本文论述了在TD-LTE网络中遇见的新问题,即边境优化问题。中国移动TD-LTE网络建设与朝鲜隔江而建,参考丹东边境GSM网络的方法,结合TD-LTE网络自身特点,TD-LTE网络采用宏站小区覆盖朝鲜新义州沿江区域,令宏站小区采用基于位置的接纳控制算法(如Ao A+TA方法等),通过UE距离站点的远近限制朝鲜用户接入TD-LTE网络进行业务。     

基于FWO法与CR法的中蒙边境森林草原交错区沟塘草甸羊草热解动力学分析

以内蒙古自治区阿尔山市内沟塘草甸为研究区域,选取典型草本羊草为研究对象,运用热重分析法以通氧速率10、20、30 mL/min,在升温速率分别为40、80 ℃/min的条件下进行热失重行为研究。使用TG-DTG曲线分析样品的热解过程,利用Coats-Redfern（CR）积分法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa（FWO）积分法对样品的快速热解阶段进行动力学分析,得出在不同氧气浓度下样品的热解活化能和指前因子并求得相应参数。结果表明羊草热解过程分为：失水阶段、快速热解阶段、炭化阶段。其中快速热解阶段为350～450 ℃,此阶段中升温速率越快,温度滞后现象越明显;通氧速率越快,温度超前现象越明显。热解过程及动力学参数分析表明,Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法更适用于羊草热解过程,引发火灾危险程度的通氧速率为：30 mL/min＞20 mL/min＞10 mL/min。     

Making connections and building bridges: improving the bi-national planning process

Creating a continental transportation system that supports the efficient movement of goods between Canada and the United States is essential to the economies of both countries. However, 25 years after the passage of the Canada–US Free Trade Act and many agreements and accords later, poor connectivity, congestion and delays still plague many transborder corridors. Recent attempts to improve this situation involving several proposed new bridge projects have either been halted or significantly delayed over the last decade. This paper will review and critically examine the bi-national planning process that has been followed in an attempt to build a new bridge across the Detroit River, known as the Detroit River International Crossing (DRIC) project.     

一种图像信息处理机的图像预处理方法

针对图像信息处理机信号进行图像处理,相比于传统的图像预处理技术,提出了一种新的通过阈值去噪及基于八连通域和链码跟踪的边缘检测的图像处理方法,该算法可以进一步改善图像处理效果,提高了边缘检测的质量,有利于后续处理如性能评估等。     

会话边缘控制器关键技术实现

通过对会话边缘控制器(SBC)及相关的SIP协议、网络地址转换/防火墙、媒体处理、拓扑隐藏及协议修改技术的说明,给出了SBC的核心模块的设计原型,并对信令代理和媒体代理关键子模块进行了设计实现说明。采用B2 BUA、状态机、SIP/RTP/RTCP消息修改、地址映射、回调函数、媒体流处理、服务质量(QoS)控制策略等技术,对系统做了具体实现。测试结果表明,系统具备了作为一个SBC的功能。