一种基于实时几何测距的船桥主动防撞方法

本文提出一种基于实时几何测距的船桥主动防撞方法。该方法对船的改动量甚微,仅需维持多项距离矩阵,通过告警逻辑矩阵进行展示与告警,能起到很好的船桥防撞提示效果。     

Data quality and uncertainty assessment methodology for pavement LCA

In performing pavement life cycle assessment (LCA), users are facing various reports of energy intensity coefficient (EIC) of pavement materials which differ considerably among data sources and therefore alter the LCA results significantly. Instead of selecting a certain EIC without or of little explanation for the current pavement LCA practices, this study proposed a methodology to build probability density function (PDF) for EIC based on available data-set and their qualities. Each data was first evaluated about the data quality indicator (DQI) through data quality pedigree matrix and converted to PDF in modified Beta distribution form. Three weighting methods, the DQI one, coefficient of variation (COV) one and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) one, were developed to assign weightings for different data. Monte Carlo simulation was run with the weighted PDF of each data as input to obtain the ultimate PDF for EIC. A case study to estimate the bitumen’s EIC with eight data samples were performed using the proposed methodology. It is found (1): the estimates by the proposed methodology is of higher reliability (lower COV) compared to any single data due to utilisation of information of the overall data samples; (2) the AHP weighting method is most favoured despite the results of the three weighting methods are close; (3) the central estimates of bitumen’s EIC are between5.4~5.8 MJ/kg. The proposed methodology is helpful in aiding calculating EICs for pavement materials and capturing uncertainties in LCA results in a statistical sense.     

Comparisons with high viscosity additive effects on base and modified asphalt

In this research, three types of high viscosity additives with different volumes were added to both 70# base asphalt and SBS modified asphalt, the dynamic viscosity and high temperature performance tests were conducted. The results show that with the same volume and type of the additive, SBS modified asphalt has a much higher dynamic viscosity and high temperature grade than those of the base asphalt. When the volume of each additive type increases from 0% to 12%, the dynamic viscosity would increase in a different trend, which could be described as three stages with different increasing speeds, and the variability and the demarcation point of the adjacent two stages depend on the asphalt modification, additive type and the volume. With regard to the high temperature grade, it was found that the effect of different additive types on high temperature performance should be separated from asphalt modification.     

地震落梁两级控制装置的开发与试验

为了增强桥梁抗御地震落梁的能力,减轻交通生命线系统的震害损失,基于耗能减震、多级设防和结构分灾三个抗震性能设计理念,设计了一种具有耗能限位和上部体系连续化两级功能,并能在不同水准地震下自动实现功能转换的地震落梁控制装置。首先,分析了装置的构成、特点和工作机理,对第1级耗能限位组件进行了拟静力试验,测试了耗能滞回曲线;然后,对第2级拉索连梁组件进行了静力拉伸试验,评价了其变形性能、破坏形式和锚固性能;最后,对抗震销栓进行了剪切试验,考察了控制级别的转换,采用试验结果对有限元模拟结果进行了验证。研究表明,地震落梁两级控制装置具有有效的位移约束、合理的耗能机制和明确的分灾保险丝构造,实现了梁-梁连接和墩-梁连接控制模式的优势互补,实现了强震作用下对桥梁落梁失效的控制和对桥墩的安全保护。     

The effects of porosity,asphalt content and fiberglass incorporation on the tensile strength and resilient modulus of asphalt concrete blends

Asphalt concrete is the prevailing material used for road surface construction. Its adequate characteristics in providing stability, durability and driving safety are controlled by complex interactions between its components. Thus, it is important to estimate the sensitivity of asphalt concrete mechanical properties as a function of its volumetrics. For this study, different combinations between asphalt content (3.5, 5 and 7.5%) and porosity values (above 4%) were used in order to disassociate these properties. The influence of mixing in fiberglass (0.5%) was also analyzed. It was found that porosity is significantly more relevant than the asphalt content in the prediction of tensile strength and resilient modulus of fiber-free asphalt concretes. In fiber-reinforced mixtures, the mechanical properties are improved by increasing the asphalt content, which suggests a better bonding between fibers and aggregates. For both cases, decreasing porosity is beneficial. By grouping both sets of results, it was possible to create a unique theoretical curve for both the tensile strength (q_t) and the resilient modulus (RM). The RM/q_t ratio was 5800 for the fiber-free group, and 3900 for the fiber-reinforced group - suggesting a better fatigue life indicator for asphalt concretes when fibers are added.     

基于改进关联规则的卸船机故障预测模型

为使桥式抓斗卸船机安全稳定运行，针对大量监测数据利用率低、故障诊断不及时等问题，提出了基于兴趣度关联规则的卸船机故障预测模型方法。采用传感器监测和时域分析方法获取卸船机运行参数空间，利用聚类离散算法将监测数据根据其属性值域离散为非线性聚类区间，获取卸船机关联规则组，提取状态数据关联维的权重系数，构建状态监测数据关联规则指向性特征约束函数模型，通过预测模型中关联规则状态的改变实现故障预测。实验结果表明，该方法能有效表征卸船机运行状态监测的关联内部特征信息，实现对卸船机故障类别的预测，降低卸船机故障发生的频率。     

基于颗粒阻尼器的曲线桥减震分析与试验

为了将颗粒阻尼器引入到曲线桥减震控制中,设计制作了某典型曲线桥的1/10缩尺试验模型及可用于试验模型桥上的曲型舱颗粒阻尼器(curved-capsule particle damper,简称CPD),基于振动台试验开展了地震波类别和激励方向对该型阻尼器减震效果的影响研究。结果表明:CPD构造简单,可方便快捷地安装于曲线桥上;远场地震波和近断层地震波作用下,CPD沿顺桥向和横桥向均能发挥一定的减震控制效果,对曲线桥动力响应的抑制具有良好的方向适应性;与远场地震波相比,近断层地震波作用下,由于长周期大脉冲的影响,CPD减震控制效果的变异性更大,当在结构自振周期附近存在大脉冲时,CPD的减震控制效果更佳。     

TRIZ创新方法剖析路面渗水仪底座和路面的密封性能

针对路面渗水仪底座和路面的密封性能不良问题，运用TRIZ创新方法的因果链、技术矛盾、物理矛盾、进化分析等工具找到原因，获得解决方案。通过调研及试用，不断优化及调整所选方案，达到最优解决效果。应用效果证明TRIZ理论有助于创新并快速解决工程实际问题。     

Breakage of wet flexible fiber agglomerates impacting a plane

The breakage of an agglomerate of wet flexible fibers impacting a plane is computationally investigated in this work using the discrete element method. In the agglomerate, the fibers stick together due to cohesive liquid bridge forces. Agglomerate breakage with various impact conditions, initial configurations, fiber properties, and liquid bridge properties is systematically investigated. The degree of breakage is governed by the impact energy, the cohesion energy due to liquid bridges, the energy dissipation/absorption through fiber–fiber contacts and fiber deformation, and the efficiency of force transmission within the agglomerate. More specifically, breakage is promoted by increasing impact velocity, decreasing agglomerate size, increasing initial compaction, increasing fiber bending modulus, decreasing liquid surface tension, and decreasing liquid-to-solid volume ratio. Breakage is strongly dependent on the modified Weber number, that is, the ratio of the Weber number to a dimensionless rupture distance, which is a measure of the impact energy relative to the cohesion energy.     

高湿黏性颗粒在聚四氟乙烯微孔膜滤料表面沉积特性的数值模拟

基于聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微孔膜滤料扫描电镜(SEM)图像，建立PTFE微孔膜滤料微观结构模型，采用计算流体力学和离散单元法(CFD?DEM)耦合的方法对黏性颗粒在微孔膜滤料表面沉积特性进行模拟，引入液桥力模型，忽略范德华力的作用，统计计算域内颗粒的受力情况，分析了不同表面能条件下3~6 ?m粒径颗粒在微孔膜滤料表面的沉积特性，将模拟结果与黏附效率的经验公式进行对比。结果表明，黏附效率与经验值、颗粒受力与液桥力模型的相对误差均在6%以内，CFD?DEM耦合计算方法可用于模拟不同环境湿度条件下的颗粒沉积；过滤风速、粒径与黏性是影响沉积形态的重要因素，提高过滤风速及增大颗粒粒径与黏性，颗粒更易在滤料表面形成稳定的树突结构，黏附效率及含尘压降增加。环境相对湿度影响两物体间液桥体积，接触力影响颗粒沉积，当增加表面能与液桥体积时，接触力及液桥力均相应增加，根据受力平衡原理，环境相对湿度对颗粒沉积影响很大。