Interaction of tRNA with Eukaryotic Ribosome

This paper is a review of currently available data concerning interactions of tRNAs with the eukaryotic ribosome at various stages of translation. These data include the results obtained by means of cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography applied to various model ribosomal complexes, site-directed cross-linking with the use of tRNA derivatives bearing chemically or photochemically reactive groups in the CCA-terminal fragment and chemical probing of 28S rRNA in the region of the peptidyl transferase center. Similarities and differences in the interactions of tRNAs with prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes are discussed with concomitant consideration of the extent of resemblance between molecular mechanisms of translation in eukaryotes and bacteria.     

RB Regulates DNA Double Strand Break Repair Pathway Choice by Mediating CtIP Dependent End Resection

Inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (RB1) leads to genome instability, and can be detected in retinoblastoma and other cancers. One damaging effect is causing DNA double strand breaks (DSB), which, however, can be repaired by homologous recombination (HR), classical non-homologous end joining (C-NHEJ), and micro-homology mediated end joining (MMEJ). We aimed to study the mechanistic roles of RB in regulating multiple DSB repair pathways. Here we show that HR and C-NHEJ are decreased, but MMEJ is elevated in RB-depleted cells. After inducing DSB by camptothecin, RB co-localizes with CtIP, which regulates DSB end resection. RB depletion leads to less RPA and native BrdU foci, which implies less end resection. In RB-depleted cells, less CtIP foci, and a lack of phosphorylation on CtIP Thr847, are observed. According to the synthetic lethality principle, based on the altered DSB repair pathway choice, after inducing DSBs by camptothecin, RB depleted cells are more sensitive to co-treatment with camptothecin and MMEJ blocker poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor. We propose a model whereby RB can regulate DSB repair pathway choice by mediating the CtIP dependent DNA end resection. The use of PARP1 inhibitor could potentially improve treatment outcomes for RB-deficient cancers.     

华南植物园藤本植物专类园规划设计

专类园是一种强调专类植物收集、展示和植物造 景的园林形式，在植物园建设中具有重要地位。藤本植物因 其独特的观赏特征、生长习性及生态效应，近年已成为城市 园林绿化的重要造景材料。在分析华南植物园藤本植物专类 园建设背景、园址概况的基础上，结合其功能定位，提出了 科学性、功能性、地域性、艺术性及以人为本的规划原则； 确定了“一轴、三线、三点、五片区”的总体规划布局。在 文化线的园林构图及造景上，重点阐述了三大主题景观节 点——帷幄疏影、西关居、文昌亭的设计理念及其园林建筑 风格，探讨了岭南传统建筑、小品及文化在构建地域特色园 林景观中的作用；在植物线的园林造景上，简介了各景区的 植物布置方式及组景模式；在科普旅游线的组织上，介绍了 园区的园林小品造景意境及科普设施布置形式，以期为中国 藤本植物专类园建设提供参考。     

Thermal and rheological effects in a classical Graetz problem using a nonlinear Robertson-Stiff fluid model

The present article elaborates the Graetz problem for the Robertson-Stiff fluid model with imposed iso-thermal conditions. The closed-form expression of Robertson-Stiff fluid velocity is obtained. Employing the classical separation of variables approach, the energy equation of the said problem is reduced into an eigenvalue problem. The solution of the eigenvalue problem is developed numerically via the MATLAB built-in algorithm BVP4C. The constants appearing in series solutions are computed by Simpson's rule. The special case of this analysis with appropriate scaling is also applicable for the Bingham, power-law, and Newtonian fluid models. The impact of the dissipation function on Nusselt numbers and mean temperature is also considered. The pictorial representation of average temp7erature and Nusselt number are discussed in the presence of the plug radius, power-law index, and Brinkman number. It is observed that the presence of the plug radius and power-law index delay the prevalence of fully developed conditions for the Nusselt number. Moreover, the local Nusselt number for channel confinement attains higher values as compared with tube confinement. The present investigation has numerous applications in the field of engineering, nanotechnology, biomedical sciences, and development of several thermal types of equipment or microfluidic devices.     

The interpretation of the English landscape garden between 1815 and 1840 through Xavier Kurten’s work in Piedmont (north-west Italy)

Xavier Kurten (?–1840) was a Prussian landscape gardener who worked for the Savoy family in the Piedmont region of Italy in the first half of the nineteenth century. He designed or redesigned all royal parks, creating a specific style based on the English naturalistic garden approach. This research was performed with the aim of investigating the development of the English landscape garden in Italy. Historical documents relating to Kurten’s biography and his work in Piedmont, including plans, were collected and analysed. We analyse and discuss the features that characterised his work: the relationship between the landscape—garden—house, the path system, the use of water, the vegetation, and the garden as a productive landscape. Kurten’s style is compared with the projects of William Kent and Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown.     

景观的发现与重构——南宁园博园 采石场花园设计

采石场伴随着人类文明而产生,也将伴随着人类社会的发展而长期存在。采石遗留的岩壁、岩石,以及地下水和雨水汇集形成的湖面水潭等构成了采石场景观的基础。采石场修复应当遵循自然规律,同时体现中国传统山水美学。南宁园博园7个采石场花园的设计,通过对场地景观特征的挖掘和恰当的人工介入,建立了融合于场地而又具有鲜明艺术特征的新景观体系。     

望行游居：明代周廷策与止园飞云峰

晚明江南造园兴盛,呈现出日益专业化的倾向,涌现出一批造园名家,周廷策即其中之一,其代表作为止园飞云峰。首先梳理周秉忠、周廷策父子的相关史料,总结其作品的艺术特征;继而结合诗文绘画对止园飞云峰进行复原分析,并从可望、可行、可游、可居4个角度探讨飞云峰的营筑意匠。指出以飞云峰为代表的周氏叠山,既继承了魏晋以来"小中见大"的叠山传统,又体现了晚明画意影响造园的时代新风,具有重要的艺术价值和历史地位。     

西雅图社区花园的用地获取、功能分区和元素组成

社区花园在欧美具有悠久历史,在健康城市建设和促进社区发展方面的功效已经得到证实。目前,已针对社区花园的功能、类型、经营和科普等开展研究,但对土地获取和设计相关的研究较少。西雅图的社区花园历史悠久,并获得政府支持,是美国发展社区花园的城市典范。通过对西雅图23个典型案例进行调研,对用地获取方式、功能类型、分区和元素组成进行分类总结,为设计建造具有中国特色的社区花园提供启示。     

浅谈苏州古典园林植物配置

介绍了苏州古典园林植物,从其植物的选用特点及配置特点两方面进行了论述,指出苏州古典园林充分发挥出了自身的地域特色,创造出了风格鲜明的江南园林,形成了我国古代历史上私家园林的代表流派。