首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   9252篇
  免费   1188篇
  国内免费   385篇
电工技术   203篇
综合类   620篇
化学工业   4544篇
金属工艺   235篇
机械仪表   234篇
建筑科学   460篇
矿业工程   98篇
能源动力   433篇
轻工业   1380篇
水利工程   132篇
石油天然气   314篇
武器工业   52篇
无线电   387篇
一般工业技术   1226篇
冶金工业   150篇
原子能技术   145篇
自动化技术   212篇
  2024年   11篇
  2023年   232篇
  2022年   338篇
  2021年   495篇
  2020年   441篇
  2019年   351篇
  2018年   330篇
  2017年   377篇
  2016年   399篇
  2015年   446篇
  2014年   567篇
  2013年   658篇
  2012年   673篇
  2011年   653篇
  2010年   478篇
  2009年   550篇
  2008年   443篇
  2007年   570篇
  2006年   509篇
  2005年   486篇
  2004年   336篇
  2003年   324篇
  2002年   251篇
  2001年   197篇
  2000年   124篇
  1999年   78篇
  1998年   62篇
  1997年   77篇
  1996年   55篇
  1995年   55篇
  1994年   41篇
  1993年   25篇
  1992年   31篇
  1991年   30篇
  1990年   11篇
  1989年   19篇
  1988年   9篇
  1987年   15篇
  1986年   12篇
  1985年   18篇
  1984年   8篇
  1983年   14篇
  1982年   16篇
  1981年   2篇
  1980年   3篇
  1979年   2篇
  1977年   3篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
通过一步热聚合法制备纳米碳颗粒/氮化碳复合材料,利用XRD、FTIR、TEM、DRS、PL等手段对纳米碳颗粒/氮化碳进行了系统表征,并考察其光催化降解罗丹明B的光催化性能。结果表明,纳米碳颗粒的负载可以显著改善复合材料的可见光吸收能力及光生电子/空穴的分离效率,当加入纳米碳颗粒的质量为10 mg时,所得到的纳米碳颗粒/氮化碳2在20 min内对罗丹明B的降解率可以达到96.5%,明显优于纯氮化碳材料。此外,纳米碳颗粒/氮化碳复合材料还表现出良好的稳定性。  相似文献   
2.
以对醛基苯甲酸为原料,通过醛酸与2,3-二甲基-2,3-二羟胺基丁烷缩合,再经NaIO4氧化最终制得4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧化物)咪唑基-1-苯甲酸(NIT-Ph-p-BEN氮氧自由基)。采用FTIR、UV、ERP(电子顺磁共振波谱仪)和元素分析等对其结构进行表征;通过催化降解废水中有机染料甲基橙、甲基蓝和罗丹明B对其催化活性进行了评估。结果表明,当甲基橙、甲基蓝和罗丹明B浓度为15 mg/L,NIT-Ph-p-BEN质量浓度为0.15 g/L,H2O2浓度为30 mmol/L时,NIT-Ph-p-BEN对甲基橙有更好的催化降解性,仅在1 h内甲基橙的降解率达到94.26%。此外,反应机理表明,H2O2有助于实现NIT-Ph-p-BEN自由基的再生和循环利用。  相似文献   
3.
In both developing and industrialized/developed countries, various hazardous/toxic environmental pollutants are entering water bodies from organic and inorganic compounds (heavy metals and specifically dyes). The global population is growing whereas the accessibility of clean, potable and safe drinking water is decreasing, leading to world deterioration in human health and limitation of agricultural and/or economic development. Treatment of water/wastewater (mainly industrial water) via catalytic reduction/degradation of environmental pollutants is extremely critical and is a major concern/issue for public health. Light and/or laser ablation induced photocatalytic processes have attracted much attention during recent years for water treatment due to their good (photo)catalytic efficiencies in the reduction/degradation of organic/inorganic pollutants. Pulsed laser ablation (PLA) is a rather novel catalyst fabrication approach for the generation of nanostructures with special morphologies (nanoparticles (NPs), nanocrystals, nanocomposites, nanowires, etc.) and different compositions (metals, alloys, oxides, core-shell, etc.). Laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is generally considered a quickly growing approach for the synthesis and modification of nanomaterials for practical applications in diverse fields. LAL-synthesized nanomaterials have been identified as attractive nanocatalysts or valuable photocatalysts in (photo)catalytic reduction/degradation reactions. In this review, the laser ablation/irradiation strategies based on LAL are systematically described and the applications of LAL synthesized metal/metal oxide nanocatalysts with highly controlled nanostructures in the degradation/reduction of organic/inorganic water pollutants are highlighted along with their degradation/reduction mechanisms.  相似文献   
4.
到目前为止TiO2是较为成熟的半导体光催化材料,但因TiO2分散性差、量子利用率低、比表面积小、难回收等问题难以工业化。多孔金属有机框架MOFs的引入可增强TiO2/MOFs复合材料的光吸收性能,提高电子-空穴对分离和提高回收率。基于TiO2/MOFs制备时前驱体添加顺序不同,综述了TiO2/MOFs的三种制备方法(即Ship-in-a-bottle法、Bottle-around-ship法、One-pot法)及TiO2/MOFs光催化机理与性能影响因素,并探讨不同MOFs与TiO2结合的作用机理。最后,对TiO2/MOFs存在的问题提出建议。  相似文献   
5.
迟冉  刘春光 《中州煤炭》2021,(11):45-50
针对城市水污染问题,采用固定化微生物技术提升水体污染物的降解率,有效净化城区黑臭水质。通过筛选水中土著微生物,从14株优势菌落中选择B2号微生物菌株为微生物聚落,采用绿沸石固定载体基质,通过吸附固定化工艺进行微生物固化。选择含氧量(COD)、磷酸盐含量(TP)和氨氮含量(NH3-N)为净化指标评级对象,分析不同固定化微生物添加量、降解温度、降解时间等因素对固定化微生物去污影响,确定微生物降解率最高的生长环境为添加量5%、25 ℃,降解周期为24 h为最适宜降解环境。最适宜温度下的COD、TP和NH3-N的降解效率分别为49.5%、70.0%、71.1%,相较于单独添加固化载体基质组以及添加游离态微生物组,对各项污染物降解率有了大幅度提升,能较好适用于城市黑水净化工程。  相似文献   
6.
The extensive occurrence of textile and pharmaceutical contaminants and their metabolites in water systems has posed significant concerns regarding their possible threat to human health and the environmental system. As a result, herein ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through the use of Monsonia burkeana plant extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV–vis, SEM, EDS, TGA, BET, PL, EPR and VSM. XRD showed that the crystalline structure of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with a calculated crystal size of 25.03 nm was formed. FT-IR confirmed the characteristic functional groups contained within the M. burkeana plant were deposited on the formed ferrite nanoparticles. BET analysis confirmed the mesoporous nature of ZnFe2O4 with an average pore diameter of 31.6 nm. Morphological studies demonstrated that the formed nanoparticles had spherical as well as rod-like shapes. ZnFe2O4 photocatalyst illustrated that it may be effortlessly detached by an external magnetic field. The optimum conditions for the 99.8% removal of Methylene Blue was obtained at pH12, within 45min and at the optimum dosage of 25 mg of the catalyst. The as-prepared ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles proved to be easily separated and recycled, and remained efficient even after 5 reuses, proving that the material is highly stable. The ROS studies also demonstrated that electrons are the main factors contributing to the degradation of MB. Upon testing the photocatalytic performance of the sulfonamide antibiotic, sulfisoxazole in water showed a degradation of 67%. This study has shown that these materials can be used in targeting textile and pharmaceutically polluted water.  相似文献   
7.
The organic pollutants in water have been a great environment challenges to human beings, and photocatalytic degradation is an effective method to solve this problem. In this paper, the Rh-loaded cobalt ferrite CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by in situ photodeposition of Rh nanoparticles onto the porous CFO particles as the photocatalysts. After incorporating Rh nanoparticles, the CFO/Rh composite has a higher specific surface area and is more efficient in charge separation than the bare CFO. The photocatalytic efficiency of decomposing Malachite Green (MG) is improved from 70% over the bare CFO to 97% over the optimized CFO/Rh in 60 min. The CFO/Rh sample also demonstrates its durability for the degradation of MG in 5 photocatalytic reaction cycles. Additionally, hydroxyl radicals (?OH) and superoxide radicals (?O2?) are proved to be the crucial reactive species during the photocatalytic degradation of MG with CFO/Rh, evidenced by the active species capture experiments. This work provides a useful approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors for degrading organic dyes.  相似文献   
8.
In order to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 under visible light, Ag nanoparticles were introduced into tridoped B–C–N–TiO2 (TT) catalyst by photoreduction deposition. Ag/B–C–N–TiO2 (ATT) catalysts with the functions of reducing band gap and carrier recombination were prepared. At the same time, the effect of the amount of Ag on the photocatalytic performance of ATT catalyst was investigated. Through XRD, XPS, PL and other characterization methods, the (211)/(101)/Ag interface heterojunction mechanism similar to the traditional Z-scheme heterojunction was proposed. The intervention of Ag nanoparticles changed the P–N interface heterojunction between (211)/(101) to the (211)/(101)/Ag Z-scheme interface heterojunction. The results show that ATT catalyst exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity when the molar amount of Ag is 0.005% with the MB degradation rate of the ATT catalyst (0.01707 min?1), which is 14.59 times of TiO2 (0.00117 min?1) and 2.02 times of TT (0.00847 min?1). In addition, the four cycles efficiencies of ATT for MB degradation were all above 94.00%.This study reveals the possibility of construction of Z-scheme heterojunctions between precious metal nanoparticles and different interfaces of TiO2, and provides a reference for the construction of Z-scheme interface heterojunctions.  相似文献   
9.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(20):28848-28858
The construction of photocatalyst with gradient band structure is guided by the principle of band gap engineering. Rational structural design is advanced and applied to construct a new-typed peculiarly structural and functional carbon-based [TiO2/C]//[Bi2WO6/C] Janus nanofiber modified by g-C3N4 nanosheets heterostructure photocatalyst (denoted as TB-JgHP). The flexible carbon-based [TiO2/C]//[Bi2WO6/C] Janus nanofiber with one side responding to ultraviolet light and the other capturing visible light is fabricated by conjugate electrospinning, and then g-C3N4 nanosheets are uniformly grown in-situ on the surface of the Janus nanofibers by using gas-solid reaction via gasification of urea. The optimized TB-JgHP possesses remarkable hydrogen evolution efficiency (17.48 mmol h−1 g−1) and methylene blue degradation rate (99.2%) under simulated sunlight illumination for 100 min, demonstrating prominent dual-functional characteristics. The enhanced photocatalytic performance benefits from the unique Janus structure as well as the synergistic effects among the triple heterostructures of TiO2 and Bi2WO6, g-C3N4 and TiO2, g-C3N4 and Bi2WO6. The formation of gradient band structure among heterostructures is more conducive to the multi-step separation of photo-induced electron-hole pairs and more effective absorption of light. Further, flexible self-standing carbon-based photocatalysts not only have outstanding electron transport performance, but also are easy to separate from solution with preeminent recyclable stability. Based on a series of characterization techniques, it is further proved that TB-JgHP has higher carrier separation efficiency than the counterpart contrast samples. The formation mechanism of TB-JgHP is proposed, and the construction technique is established. The design philosophy and construction technique presented in this work pave a new avenue for research and development of other heterostructure photocatalysts.  相似文献   
10.
The triboelectric effect has recently demonstrated its great potential in environmental remediation and even new energy applications for triggering a number of catalytic reactions by utilizing trivial mechanical energy. In this study, Ba4Nd2Fe2Nb8O30 (BNFN) submicron powders were used to degrade organic dyes via the tribocatalytic effect. Under the frictional excitation of three PTFE stirring rods in a 5 mg/L RhB dye solution, BNFN demonstrates a high tribocatalytic degradation efficiency of 97% in 2 h. Hydroxyl radicals (?OH) and superoxide radicals (?O2-) were also detected during the catalysis process, which proves that triboelectric energy stimulates BNFN to generate electron-hole pairs. The tribocatalysis of tungsten bronze BNFN submicron powders provides a novel and efficient method for the degradation of wastewater dye by utilizing trivial mechanical energy.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号