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1.
介绍了浙江石油化工有限公司新建的3 Mt/a柴油加氢精制装置,其配套使用中国石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司开发的催化剂级配技术,并实施了可根据原料供应及市场产品需求情况灵活调整切换的2种生产技术方案。1 a的安稳生产运行结果表明:该装置以直馏柴油为主原料,通过分馏塔的馏分切割及其侧线抽出,实现了稳产国Ⅵ柴油并兼产喷气燃料技术方案的工业化应用;在实施以兼产喷气燃料为主的生产技术方案时,通过调整常一线柴油的掺炼量,不仅可以生产含硫量小于10.0 μg/g的精制柴油产品,同时兼产所得到的喷气燃料产品含硫量小于0.5 μg/g,赛波特颜色号值大于30;在实施主产精制柴油组分方案时,通过掺炼质量分数为20%~40%的催化柴油,并使所提炼得到的精制柴油组分含硫量小于6.0 μg/g的前提下,这些精制柴油组分产品既可直接作为满足国Ⅵ柴油产品出厂待售,也可作为柴油调和组分储存待用于产品的进一步优化。 相似文献
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The evaluation of the volumetric accuracy of a machine tool is an open challenge in the industry, and a wide variety of technical solutions are available in the market and at research level. All solutions have advantages and disadvantages concerning which errors can be measured, the achievable uncertainty, the ease of implementation, possibility of machine integration and automation, the equipment cost and the machine occupation time, and it is not always straightforward which option to choose for each application. The need to ensure accuracy during the whole lifetime of the machine and the availability of monitoring systems developed following the Industry 4.0 trend are pushing the development of measurement systems that can be integrated in the machine to perform semi-automatic verification procedures that can be performed frequently by the machine user to monitor the condition of the machine. Calibrated artefact based calibration and verification solutions have an advantage in this field over laser based solutions in terms of cost and feasibility of machine integration, but they need to be optimized for each machine and customer requirements to achieve the required calibration uncertainty and minimize machine occupation time.This paper introduces a digital twin-based methodology to simulate all relevant effects in an artefact-based machine tool calibration procedure, from the machine itself with its expected error ranges, to the artefact geometry and uncertainty, artefact positions in the workspace, probe uncertainty, compensation model, etc. By parameterizing all relevant variables in the design of the calibration procedure, this simulation methodology can be used to analyse the effect of each design variable on the error mapping uncertainty, which is of great help in adapting the procedure to each specific machine and user requirements. The simulation methodology and the analysis possibilities are illustrated by applying it on a 3-axis milling machine tool. 相似文献
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A novel non-keyhole friction stir welding technique was proposed to weld the butt joint of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 6 mm. A sound joint was obtained by this technique, simultaneously eliminating the flash, shoulder mark and keyhole defects. The sleeve directly affected zone (SDAZ) and the sleeve indirectly affected zone (SIAZ) were divided into the joint according to the plunging position of the hollow sleeve. The lack of root penetration defect was avoided when the plunging depth of the hollow sleeve was only 4.2 mm, because the hollow part inside the sleeve improved the material flow below the sleeve. An S-shaped line was left at the SIAZ, and the height of it had the minimum value of 1.47 mm at 20 mm/min. Whether the failure location of the joint was in SIAZ/SDAZ or the heat-affected zone (HAZ) depended on the height and bonding strength of the S-shaped line. The joint fracture location changed from the SIAZ/SDAZ at 35 mm/min to the HAZ at 20 and 30 mm/min. The maximum tensile strength of 224.3 MPa was obtained at 30 mm/min which was 73.7% of that of the base material. The fracture surface morphology exhibited the typical ductile fracture. 相似文献
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近年来我国鲜食玉米产业发展迅猛, 但同时也暴露出诸多产业乱象。梳理现有鲜食玉米标准体系是促进产业标准化、规范化的重要举措。本文通过对我国现行鲜食玉米标准进行梳理, 总结出目前我国鲜食玉米标准体系中抽样及一般性检测标准较完善、技术规程体系成熟、标准体系框架已建立的特点; 同时提出我国鲜食玉米标准体系存在技术规程标准内容重复、品质分级标准混乱、缺乏营养评价指标相关标准、感官评价标准混乱、缺乏甜糯玉米和笋玉米的相关标准、标准体系结构不合理等的问题; 并针对上述问题提出对应应统一技术规程标准, 建立营养评价体系, 统一品质分级标准, 统一感官评价指标, 完善甜糯玉米和笋玉米相关标准的解决办法。为鲜食玉米标准体系的建设及规范化提供参考和建议。 相似文献
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This paper presents a Microsoft Excel tool to calculate liquid-gas mass transfer coefficients in packed towers to support numerical design activities in the courses of Unit Operations for Industrial Process and Sustainable Process Design for the Master’s degree in Chemical Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II (Italy).The Mass Transfer Solver Tool (MT Solver Tool) uses several available models to estimate, separately, the values of liquid and gas mass-transfer coefficients and the wet surface area for 144 random and structured packings of interest for absorption/stripping and distillation processes. In addition, a separate spreadsheet can be used in a user-defined mode, to evaluate the mass transfer coefficients with new packing types or to interpret experimental data when the geometrical and physical characteristics of the packing are known. Eventually, the tool is supplied with a data library, where packing geometry and model fitting parameters can be retrieved.The software is aimed to support students and educators in the Unit Operations for Industrial Process and Sustainable Process Design courses. In particular, this is meant to be an example on how the accuracy of design algorithms adopted in unit operation processes is affected by the use of the underpinning correlations for mass transfer rate or pressure drops. Besides, this is aimed to encourage comparison of different correlations when exact field data are not available. Besides, chemical engineers and researchers interested in packed columns design and modelling data may also benefit from the utilization of the software. The MT Solver Tool was introduced to students in a dedicated tutorial lesson after lecturers on packed column design algorithms for distillation, absorption and stripping. Most of the students of the course participated to a group training aimed to simulate the design of an absorption column supported by the MT Solver Tool providing feedback on its application.After the training, an anonymous survey was proposed to the students to monitor the approval rating of the proposed activity and the use of the MT Solver Tool software to support numerical calculations. 相似文献
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连续油管钻井机器人利用机身内外的钻井液压力差作为动力源,可在牵引连续油管的同时加载钻压。以钻井机器人为基础,建立连续油管钻柱动力学模型,并推导出通过钻井液排量控制钻压和钻速的单参数控制数学模型;对钻井机器人引入调速回路,建立具有调速功能的钻柱动力学模型;在溢流阀调定压力大于机身内外压差时,推导出利用钻井液排量和节流阀流通面积两种参数控制钻压、钻速的数学模型,在溢流阀调定压力小于机身内外压差时,推导出利用钻井液排量、节流阀流通面积和溢流阀调定压力3种参数控制钻压、钻速的数学模型;以11.43 cm(4.5英寸)井眼为例,对上述3种数学模型进行了分析。分析结果表明:钻压、钻速随钻井液排量的增加基本呈线性增加,在钻井液排量大于0.005 m3/s时,钻井机器人能够向前爬行,在钻井液排量大于0.005 7 m3/s时,钻头能够正常钻进;调节节流阀流通面积和溢流阀调定压力,可以在一定范围内无级调钻压和钻速;3种控制方法相结合,可以实现小排量、大钻压,及大排量、小钻压等钻井参数的控制。以控制模型为基础,针对不同井下工况建立钻进工艺的专家数据库,以钻井机器人为"大脑",结合井下随钻测量数据就能够实现闭环控制,自动钻进。 相似文献