智利科皮亚波月亮山铁铜矿床的地质特征及找矿标志

月亮山铁铜矿床位于智利北部第三大区Copiapo市,是阿塔卡玛断裂成矿带南部单元新发现的铁铜金多金属矿床,矿床类型与IOCG矿床极为相似.文章通过矿体分布规律、蚀变特征、磁异常特征、矿物与矿体及成矿地质条件等分析研究,总结了找矿标志,提出了找矿思路.  

Arsenic Removal from Water Supplies in Northern Chile Using Ferric Chloride Coagulation

Many raw waters in the arid North of Chile contain high concentrations of arsenic (0.1–1.0 mg/l) and, during the 1970s, drinking-water treatment using coagulation was introduced in an attempt to comply with the Chilean standard of 0.05 mg/l. The new World Health Organization recommendation of 0.01 mg/1 for drinking water has led to efforts to enhance arsenic removal.
This paper describes pilot-plant experiments which were carried out to optimize removal by varying the ferric chloride coagulant dose (3–9 mg/1 Fe) and pH value (pH 5.5–8.0) in a raw water which contained an average arsenic concentration of 0.44 mg/l. At pH 5.5, arsenic adsorption was best; however, a pH of 6.5 was considered to be the most suitable for treatment when considering floc elimination. An empirical formula to predict residual arsenic under different operational conditions was obtained and this was confirmed by data collected at a full-scale water-treatment plant.  

Spatial heterogeneity and air pollution removal by an urban forest

Estimates of air pollution removal by the urban forest have mostly been based on mean values of forest structure variables for an entire city. However, the urban forest is not uniformly distributed across a city because of biophysical and social factors. Consequently, air pollution removal function by urban vegetation should vary because of this spatial heterogeneity. This paper presents a different approach to evaluate how the spatial heterogeneity of the urban forest influences air pollution removal at the socioeconomic subregion scale. Air pollution removal for July 1997 to June 1998 and July 2000 to June 2001 were estimated using measured urban forest structure data from three socioeconomic subregions in Santiago, Chile. Dry deposition was estimated using hourly climate, mixing height, and pollutant concentration data. Pollution removal rates among the three socioeconomic subregions were different because of heterogeneous urban forest structure and pollution concentrations. Air pollution removal per square meter of tree cover was greatest in the low socioeconomic subregion. Pollution removal during 1997–1998 was different from 2000 to 2001 due to pollution concentration differences. Seasonal air quality improvement also differed among the subregions. Results can be used to design management alternatives at finer administrative scales such as districts and neighborhoods that maximize the pollution removal rates by the urban forest in a subregion. Policies that affect the functionality of urban forest structure must consider spatial heterogeneity and scale when making region-wide recommendations. Similarly, when modeling the functionality of the urban forest, models must capture this spatial heterogeneity for inter-city comparisons.  

智利赛罗卢娜铁多金属矿区高精度磁测异常特征及找矿预测

测区位于智利海岸山带铁氧化物铜金成矿带、阿塔卡玛断裂系统上。该地区地表覆盖厚,残坡积沙土及碎石层发育。为了有效提高地质找矿成果,采用地面高精度磁测与地质联合检查异常的找矿方法,通过对磁异常特征的综合分析和钻探对异常进行验证,在磁异常区发现了磁铁矿,进一步圈定出找矿有利地段,取得了良好的找矿效果。  

智利中北部赛罗伊曼—月亮山—赛罗诺尔戴磁铁矿矿床地质特征与找矿标志

智利中北部的赛罗伊曼—月亮山—赛罗诺尔戴磁铁矿矿床位于智利海岸山带白垩纪铁矿带的北段,与安第斯构造旋回的早期(侏罗纪—早白垩世)伸展阶段有关,为形成在钙碱性岩浆弧环境中与安山岩地层有关的矿床.矿化过程伴随强烈的热液活动,形成块状、网脉状、浸染状磁铁矿化以及热液角砾岩和围岩蚀变.蚀变岩石围绕矿体呈现出矿物和地球化学分带特征,岩石在接近矿体的内带产生强烈的阳起石化,矿体的远端产生钠长石化,外带的硅化和电气石化叠加在阳起石化和钠化蚀变岩之上.矿体自外向内具有浸染状矿石—网脉状矿石—块状矿石的分带特征.矿床地质特征和矿化分带特征形成特定的磁、电综合地球物理异常特征,结合成矿地质特征和综合地球物理特征,有利于该类型大型隐伏矿床的勘查发现.  

智利地震钢筋混凝土高层建筑震害对我国高层结构设计的启示

2010年2月27日在南美洲智利发生的8.8级大地震,造成了钢筋混凝土高层建筑的严重破坏,这是近年来现代钢筋混凝土高层建筑经历的最大地震,引起了国内外工程设计人员的广泛关注.以智利高层建筑结构体系特点入手,分别介绍了智利地震中钢筋混凝土剪力墙高层建筑、立面收进复杂高层建筑、连体复杂高层建筑、带消能减震支撑超高层建筑、带金属球颗粒阻尼器高层建筑的震害现象.研究表明:智利高层结构剪力墙厚度与中低层结构剪力墙厚度相近,造成剪力墙轴压比过大,在此次地震中发生严重破坏;智利国家规范在钢筋混凝土剪力墙设计中参考美国规范,但允许对边缘约束构件设计予以放松,是造成剪力墙破坏的另一原因.另外从此次大地震中复杂高层和消能减震结构的表现来看,我国仍需加强对复杂及超限高层的抗震性能研究,加强消能减震技术在我国高层及超高层中的应用.  

亲爱的景观,你非得是绿色的么

景观作为新地区开发的一种视觉和审美的品质,受到人们尤其是设计师专业人士的青睐,指出把景观等同于植物＂绿色＂是一种肤浅的观念。通过对智利圣地亚哥等地城市与建筑景观建设经验的追述,提出人类活动、自然元素、文化生态系统共同创造的空间动态平衡,才是＂景观＂的真谛。  

Achieving a Socio-Spatial Mix? Prospects and Limitations of Social Housing Policy in Santiago de Chile

In the Chilean housing sector, the combination of free-market imperatives guiding investment decisions and a long tradition of social housing subsidies has generally had remarkable success in quantitative terms but has also contributed to the large-scale segregation of poor families on the urban periphery. With the goal of a better socio-spatial mix and, ultimately, social integration, the Chilean government recently revised its guidelines for housing subsidies, promoting small-scale social housing in central locations. This paper examines the early effects of this new housing policy in a cluster of the so-called “pericentral” municipalities in Santiago de Chile. Specifically, it raises the question of whether the policy has a chance of achieving its objectives in light of prevailing free-market conditions. We demonstrate strong interrelations between the current dynamics of real-estate investment and government-led housing programs which together continue to promote uneven socio-spatial development and segregation of the urban poor on a smaller scale.  

基于 IGS 观测数据的智利 Mw8.2级地震分析

利用2014年智利Mw8.2级地震前后各3d的震中周边40个IGS站的连续观测数据和IGS精密星历，计算获得远场同震地表位移，结果显示，智利地震同震水平位移影响范围达1500 km～2000 km；经过对其中2个IGS站的高频观测数据进行解算，获得地震发生瞬时测站动态运动轨迹，在此基础上，使用S变换，过滤背景噪声，有效拾取P波初至时刻，反演出P波在地壳中的传播速度，并与IRIS提供的参考值进行对比和分析，说明结果的可靠性。  

Dynamic-MFA examination of Chilean housing stock: long-term changes and earthquake damage

The dynamics and metabolism of the built environment are important for understanding the construction, renovation and demolition activities that characterize its long-term physical development. Previous research on building stock development is limited, particularly for developing countries. As one of the most seismically active countries in the world, Chile's built environment is constantly subjected to losses. This study included earthquake vulnerability and damage in a dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) of the Chilean housing stock. Stock and flows of residential floor area were modelled using population and life style parameters. Demolition was modelled assuming a constant demolition rate. By characterizing the building stock according to vulnerability classes and establishing a mass balance per class, the effects of different typology distributions on the overall damage to the stock caused by earthquakes could be assessed. Scenarios with different trends in typology distribution for new construction and renovation suggest that significant potential exists for reducing future earthquake damage in the Chilean housing stock. This is best achieved by gradually reducing the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes. Legislation, building standards and financial instruments could be used to ensure such reductions in earthquake damage and thereby provide socio-economic benefits in the future.