Living Materials Herald a New Era in Soft Robotics

Living beings have an unsurpassed range of ways to manipulate objects and interact with them. They can make autonomous decisions and can heal themselves. So far, a conventional robot cannot mimic this complexity even remotely. Classical robots are often used to help with lifting and gripping and thus to alleviate the effects of menial tasks. Sensors can render robots responsive, and artificial intelligence aims at enabling autonomous responses. Inanimate soft robots are a step in this direction, but it will only be in combination with living systems that full complexity will be achievable. The field of biohybrid soft robotics provides entirely new concepts to address current challenges, for example the ability to self‐heal, enable a soft touch, or to show situational versatility. Therefore, “living materials” are at the heart of this review. Similarly to biological taxonomy, there is a recent effort for taxonomy of biohybrid soft robotics. Here, an expansion is proposed to take into account not only function and origin of biohybrid soft robotic components, but also the materials. This materials taxonomy key demonstrates visually that materials science will drive the development of the field of soft biohybrid robotics.     

Optoregulated Drug Release from an Engineered Living Material: Self‐Replenishing Drug Depots for Long‐Term,Light‐Regulated Delivery

On‐demand and long‐term delivery of drugs are common requirements in many therapeutic applications, not easy to be solved with available smart polymers for drug encapsulation. This work presents a fundamentally different concept to address such scenarios using a self‐replenishing and optogenetically controlled living material. It consists of a hydrogel containing an active endotoxin‐free Escherichia coli strain. The bacteria are metabolically and optogenetically engineered to secrete the antimicrobial and antitumoral drug deoxyviolacein in a light‐regulated manner. The permeable hydrogel matrix sustains a viable and functional bacterial population and permits diffusion and delivery of the synthesized drug to the surrounding medium at quantities regulated by light dose. Using a focused light beam, the site for synthesis and delivery of the drug can be freely defined. The living material is shown to maintain considerable levels of drug production and release for at least 42 days. These results prove the potential and flexibility that living materials containing engineered bacteria can offer for advanced therapeutic applications.     

居民生活需水精细化管理必要性分析与对策建议

目前,我国用水总量增长整体放缓,生活用水需求不断增加。在总结我国用水总量和生活用水量演变特征及趋势的基础上,阐述了生活需水管理模式的发展与生活节水发展现状,提出了基于个体需水特征与层次化需水机理的精细化管理方案设想。通过对居民生活刚性需求、弹性需求、奢侈需求三个需水方面的划分,提出了针对不同用水行为的细化落实管理设想,并给出相应措施建议,以期促进水资源全面节约与高效利用,缓解开发与利用、供给与需求之间的矛盾。     

岛礁生活可燃固废清洁转化工程示范

岛礁生活可燃固废的安全处置问题关系着岛礁的可持续发展。针对岛礁可燃固废直接燃烧效率低、易生成二次污染物等突出问题，提出了变可燃固废非均相燃烧为均相燃烧的利用思路，设计了可燃固废热解气化–旋流燃烧装置，并以此装置为核心建设了岛礁生活可燃固废清洁转化系统工程示范。结果表明：该工程整套设备运行稳定，尾气排放符合国家GB 18485-2014要求，实现了岛礁生活可燃固废清洁处置，保障了岛礁生态安全。     

基于心流理论的民艺体验产品设计要素研究

目的 探索民艺体验产品的设计方法，帮助用户实现沉浸式体验，提高用户对民艺产品的认同感，促进民艺的活态传承。方法 以竹编体验产品为例，通过用户观察、访谈并以用户体验地图的方式提取出“乌镇竹编”民艺产品在用户体验上的优点和痛点，结合心流理论，提出民艺体验产品的设计策略，同时优化“乌镇竹编”民艺体验产品。结论 经用户测试验证，最优的民艺体验产品除了要具备符合现代审美、工艺流程简化以及材料工具模块化等特征之外，还应具备以下设计要素:产品选择层次化、目标设置精细化、学习形式交互化、背景知识通俗化、作品分享社区化。     

麦岛艺术城--一个规划方案所体现的日本居住环境设计理念

日本建筑通过对本民族文化的深层探索，寻找传统、现代与自然的契合，最终形成自己特有的朴素的表现风格。该文通过对日本建筑师参与的青岛—滨海居住区规划方案加以浅析，希望能对形成这种风格的根源加以探讨，并对日本居住环境设计理念进行初步总结。从而对国内设计有所借鉴，创造出充满个性与生机的建筑。     

浅谈住宅小区地下车库建设的利弊

我国以密集型多层或高层为主的住宅小区,随着私家车的日益增多,解决问题的办法大多是建地下车库。随之而来的问题是地下可能被“掏空”,而且地下建筑造价高、技术难度大,只为多建有限面积的地下空间,付出的代价可谓太多,地下工程的不可逆性又会给将来改造和土地再次利用带来困难。其他的选择是建机械式立体车库,政府主管部门制定相关政策限制小区内车位数量,鼓励兴建公共停车场,发展公共交通,更符合“以人为本”的指导思想。     

居住建筑室内空间与环境质量调查与分析

通过对武汉关山区各个住宅小区内居住室内环境的调查，分析了影响居住空间与环境质量的各个因素，并对今后的居住建筑空间与环境设计提出一些建议。     

节能省地型住宅设计探讨——“2006全国节能省地型住宅设计竞赛”获奖作品评析

本文是作者参与“全国节能省地型住宅设计竞赛”获奖作品的设计理念介绍。基于作者多年住宅设计相关方面的研究经验,本文从“规划:在高容积率的压力下争取居住的舒适度;楼栋:以丰富、合理的户型结构满足不同购房需求;户型:灵活可变,以人为本,确保生活质量;技术:全面系统,经济实用”这4个层面对于中小户型住宅设计进行了深入、细致地探讨,提出一整套切实可行的既节能省地又舒适宜居的设计理念。