居住区水景设计

水景设计对小区整体环境的提升影响重大。文章首先从居住区水景设计的现状入手，针对当前存在的一些误区，提出相应的解决对策。在此基础上介绍了水景设计的一些原则、水景与绿化的搭配、水景相关配套设施建设，以及对今后住区水环境建设的几点思考与展望。     

Tail Estimation for Window-Censored Processes

This article develops methods to estimate the tail and full distribution of the lengths of the 0-intervals in a continuous time stationary ergodic stochastic process that takes the values 0 and 1 in alternating intervals. The setting is that each of many such 0–1 processes has been observed during a short time window. Thus, the observed 0-intervals could be noncensored, right-censored, left-censored, or doubly-censored, and the lengths of 0-intervals that are ongoing at the beginning of the observation window have a length-biased distribution. We exhibit parametric conditional maximum likelihood estimators for the full distribution, develop maximum likelihood tail estimation methods based on a semiparametric generalized Pareto model, and propose goodness-of-fit plots. Finite sample properties are studied by simulation, and asymptotic normality is established for the most important case. The methods are applied to estimation of the length of off-road glances in the 100-car study, a big naturalistic driving experiment. Supplementary materials that include MatLab code for the estimation routines and a simulation study are available online.     

公园水景面积设计探讨

从节约水资源角度出发,对综合性公园水景面积进行定量研究.运用手持GPS仪对北京市12个典型公园的水景面积、建筑基底面积、道路铺装面积、绿地面积进行调查,探索水景面积与其他景观要素之间的关系,结果发现,公园水景面积比例与绿地率之间有显著的线性回归关系.结合《公园设计规范》建立公园水景面积比例与绿地率之间的方程组,运用单纯形法,求解发现,在绿地率不小于30%,建筑密度和道路铺装面积比例之和在5% ～ 23%的约束条件下,水景面积比例范围是0～52.3%.该结果为公园水景定量化设计提供初步参考依据.     

浅谈巴厘岛度假酒店园林风格

通过对巴厘岛度假酒店的构景元素进行分析总结,对巴厘岛园林风格有了更加理性的认识和把握.     

现代城市居住区水景设计探讨

通过对现今城市居住区水景设计现状的阐述,针对当前水景设计出现的千篇一律、没有特征的状况,提出了一些关于营造具有地域性特色水景的见解。,并对未来的城市居住区水景设计提出展望。     

Measuring people intensively.

An overview is provided of measures that are administered repeatedly in daily life. Variations of this methodology have been referred to as ecological momentary assessment, diary methods, daily process measures, and most broadly as intensive repeated measures in naturalistic settings (IRM-NS). Contrasts are drawn between IRM-NS methods on the basis of different sampling strategies, such as time-contingent recording, signal-contingent recording, and event-contingent recording. Common threats to the internal validity, construct validity, and external validity of IRM-NS measures are reviewed, along with ways to reduce these threats. The statistical analysis of IRM-NS data is considered, with a particular focus on the investigation of intraindividual variability. An extended example is provided of an IRM-NS measure, an event-contingent recording method for the assessment of interpersonal behaviour. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Genetic essentialism: On the deceptive determinism of DNA.

This article introduces the notion of genetic essentialist biases: cognitive biases associated with essentialist thinking that are elicited when people encounter arguments that genes are relevant for a behavior, condition, or social group. Learning about genetic attributions for various human conditions leads to a particular set of thoughts regarding those conditions: they are more likely to be perceived as (a) immutable and determined, (b) having a specific etiology, (c) homogeneous and discrete, and (d) natural, which can lead to the naturalistic fallacy. There are rare cases of “strong genetic explanation” when such responses to genetic attributions may be appropriate; however, people tend to overweigh genetic attributions compared with competing attributions even in cases of “weak genetic explanation,” which are far more common. The authors reviewed research on people's understanding of race, gender, sexual orientation, criminality, mental illness, and obesity through a genetic essentialism lens, highlighting attitudinal, cognitive, and behavioral changes that stem from consideration of genetic attributions as bases of these categories. Scientific and media portrayals of genetic discoveries are discussed with respect to genetic essentialism, as is the role that genetic essentialism has played (and continues to play) in various public policies, legislation, scientific endeavors, and ideological movements in recent history. Last, moderating factors and interventions to reduce the magnitude of genetic essentialism, which identify promising directions to explore in order to reduce these biases, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于水文化的古镇水景的设计与保护探析

水乡古镇与文化已经相融共生了千年,一直有着割舍不断的情缘,然而随着社会大环境的改变,水文化遗产在不断流失,古镇景观在逐步失去特色,千百年来流淌不息的人文环境慢慢缺失,这必须引起大家的重视。水文化有着丰富的内涵,与古镇水景有着相生相伴的关系,依托水文化来设计古镇水景,借水造景,人水相依,文静共生,为打造传统与现代共存的古镇,发展水文明的古镇提供新思路。     

城市设计中水元素的应用

城市设计中水元素的应用是一个城市彰显特色的重要元素之一,水体与城市的关系有多种形态。本文从海岛城市--厦门、水网城市--盐城、内陆城市--石家庄及山地城市--重庆为例,初探了各类型城市设计中水元素应用的不同。     

A reason to rhyme: Phonological and semantic influences on lexical access.

During on-line language production, speakers rapidly select a sequence of words to express their desired meaning. The current study examines whether this lexical selection is also dependent on the existing activation of surface properties of the words. Such surface properties clearly matter in various forms of wordplay, including poetry and musical lyrics. The experiments in this article explore whether language processing more generally is sensitive to these properties. Two experiments examined the interaction between phonological and semantic features for written and verbal productions. In Experiment 1, participants were given printed sentences with a missing word, and were asked to generate reasonable completions. The completions reflected both the semantic and the surface features of the preceding context. In Experiment 2, listeners heard sentence contexts, and were asked to rapidly produce a word to complete the utterance. These spontaneous completions again incorporated surface features activated by the context. The results suggest that lexical access in naturalistic language processing is influenced by an interaction between the surface and semantic features of language. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)