油气管道及储运设施安全保障技术发展现状及展望

相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。     

放射性气载流出物取样代表性分析

为获取核设施放射性气载流出物单点连续监测取样位置,提出基于随机轨道模型(DRW)的气-固多相湍流耦合方法求解代表性取样区域。借助k-epsilon湍流模型模拟连续相,并引入离散颗粒模型(DPM)模拟离散相,建立基于DRW模型的排风管道内流道气-固多相湍流耦合计算模型,计算了核设施气载流出物在管道内流道流场分布规律,分析了内流道流体气旋角、气流速度、示踪气体浓度、气溶胶粒子浓度与管道高度间的关联关系。分析结果表明,随着截面高度的增加,气旋角、气流速度变异系数(COV)、示踪气体浓度COV及示踪气体浓度最大值与平均值的偏差逐渐降低并趋于稳定,气溶胶粒子浓度COV在截面6与截面8满足取样代表性要求;基于计算流体动力学方法可快速地确定出代表性取样位置,为气载流出物单点取样现场试验提供了理论参考依据。     

尾矿库堆积坝排渗设施在某尾矿库的应用

近些年受尾矿库选址及环境保护等政策的限制，新建尾矿库的工程投资明显增加，因此在原有堆坝高度上继续加高的工程增多，接近100～200 m级的高坝尾矿库大量涌现。为增加尾矿库的稳定性，以某尾矿库工程为例，坝体浸润线埋深较高，稳定计算不能满足相关规范要求。为有效降低浸润线，在堆积坝内采用大口辐射井和飘管相结合的排渗设施。经现场实际运行，排渗设施的应用对保证坝体稳定具有十分重要的作用。     

CLOI-NET: Class segmentation of industrial facilities’ point cloud datasets

Shape segmentation from point cloud data is a core step of the digital twinning process for industrial facilities. However, it is also a very labor intensive step, which counteracts the perceived value of the resulting model. The state-of-the-art method for automating cylinder detection can detect cylinders with 62% precision and 70% recall, while other shapes must then be segmented manually and shape segmentation is not achieved. This performance is promising, but it is far from drastically eliminating the manual labor cost. We argue that the use of class segmentation deep learning algorithms has the theoretical potential to perform better in terms of per point accuracy and less manual segmentation time needed. However, such algorithms could not be used so far due to the lack of a pre-trained dataset of laser scanned industrial shapes as well as the lack of appropriate geometric features in order to learn these shapes. In this paper, we tackle both problems in three steps. First, we parse the industrial point cloud through a novel class segmentation solution (CLOI-NET) that consists of an optimized PointNET++ based deep learning network and post-processing algorithms that enforce stronger contextual relationships per point. We then allow the user to choose the optimal manual annotation of a test facility by means of active learning to further improve the results. We achieve the first step by clustering points in meaningful spatial 3D windows based on their location. Then, we apply a class segmentation deep network, and output a probability distribution of all label categories per point and improve the predicted labels by enforcing post-processing rules. We finally optimize the results by finding the optimal amount of data to be used for training experiments. We validate our method on the largest richly annotated dataset of the most important to model industrial shapes (CLOI) and yield 82% average accuracy per point, 95.6% average AUC among all classes and estimated 70% labor hour savings in class segmentation. This proves that it is the first to automatically segment industrial point cloud shapes with no prior knowledge at commercially viable performance and is the foundation for efficient industrial shape modeling in cluttered point clouds.     

灭火器的定位和有效性辨识研究

智慧消防是智慧城市建设的重要组成部分，在消防工作创新发展中发挥重要作用。灭火器作为扑救初期火灾的最普遍、最便捷和最广泛使用的灭火设施，在初期火灾的扑救和火灾防控中发挥重要的作用，其有效性和完好性是扑救初期火灾的必要条件。基于物联网及大数据的优势，建立消防灭火设施的定位与有效性辨识系统，并介绍系统的关键技术、网络架构、技术特征。此系统可对灭火器等消防灭火设施的伺应状态、完好性、有效性等功能特性进行跟踪巡检和辨识，以实现对灭火器的实时监控和智能化管理，促进消防设施建设的完善和优化，增强灭火系统的可靠性，充分发挥智慧消防技术在智慧城市建设中的优势。     

节能型浮式生产储油装置惰气系统

为最大限度地利用FPSO上热站锅炉的烟气,减少FPSO上惰气系统能源消耗,对惰气系统配置及控制方式进行了改进。即惰气系统采用1台烟气模式、1台柴油模式,并与之对应配置2套完全独立的惰气总管,和1套公共控制系统。惰气系统工作时,烟气模式优先运行,烟气量不足时,柴油模式运行,产生的惰气作为烟气模式的补充。采用这种惰气系统,不但对FPSO热介质加热炉产生的烟气可以充分利用,减少柴油消耗量,节约惰气系统燃料成本,而且可以同时进行外输及洗舱作业,提高生产时率。     

老旧煤矿健康老龄化环境建设路径分析

被关闭的低效率老旧煤矿,作为很多退休煤矿职工的家庭所在地,依然担负着为其提供正常生活条件和养老功能的任务。为了营造煤炭企业退休职工适老环境,对老旧煤矿健康老龄化环境建设路径进行了探讨。在分析健康老龄化的普遍性问题后,从公共服务、卫生健康服务、认同感、原有养老模式等方面论述了老旧煤矿存在的具体问题;针对现状及问题,从理顺养老服务管理机制和合理确定具体任务目标两方面提出了对策与建议。     

Housing quality perceptions in Finland: the elderly population

Housing and health issues can vary over time and between populations. The elderly population is increasing worldwide. Yet only limited information exists about housing conditions: changes over time, and the relationships between health and safety among the elderly. Based on repeated surveys (2007 and 2011), housing and health issues in Finland were assessed, especially among the elderly (more than 65 years old). From various housing factors studied, the largest differences between surveys were in thermal comfort. From the six outcomes studied – satisfaction with the dwelling, maintenance, indoor air quality (IAQ), perceived safety, general health, and sleeping difficulties – only satisfaction with the dwelling had significant temporal variation. Modelling the outcomes led to a selection of variables that were significantly associated with the outcomes. The models’ sensitivity was 65–81% for perceived safety and satisfaction with the dwelling, maintenance, and IAQ, whereas it was only 5% for sleeping difficulties and 32% for general health status. Among the elderly, higher odds ratios (ORs) were found for the associations between housing satisfaction and non-elevated radon concentrations, accessibility, dwelling size, and stuffy odour, as compared with the total population sample. The results are useful for developing policies that increase wellbeing, and for building owners wishing to increase housing satisfaction among occupants.     

区域自动气象站常见故障及维修方法

区域自动气象站当中的设施设备是否可以正常、稳定运行,不仅会直接决定气象监测工作质量,同时还会形成严重的经济损失。对此,为了更好地保障气象监测工作质量,文章简要分析区域自动气象站常见故障及维修方法,希望可以为相关工作者提供理论帮助。     

电化学水处理中碳酸钙结晶形态的研究

研究在电化学水处理中,电场对Ca CO3结晶形态的影响。正常情况下,Ca CO3形成稳定方解石型,其晶型通常为排列整齐、结构致密、质地坚硬的方解石型,难以去除。但在电场效应作用下,电流为0.3 A、极板间距为50 mm时,电场力能有效地促使Ca CO3结晶形式转变为较为疏松的纹石型和球霰石型晶体,使其不容易附着在管道壁上且便于剥离去除。