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1.
构建下转换荧光-适配体免疫层析试纸条用于食品中黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1)的快速高效检测。体系中AFB1存在会减弱下转换荧光-适配体纳米颗粒层析至T线时与AFB1半抗原的结合能力,从而导致下转换荧光信号衰减,进而实现对AFB1的高效检测。该方法在AFB1质量浓度1~40 ng/mL范围内与荧光信号呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.994,检测限为0.287 ng/mL。该方法利用稀土掺杂荧光纳米颗粒的长寿命发光及近红外荧光特性,有效降低了生物背景荧光干扰并提高了检测体系的特异性。该方法在AFB1的快速高灵敏检测中具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   
2.
Understanding the mechanisms leading to the rise and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is crucially important for the preservation of power of antimicrobials and controlling infectious diseases. Measures to monitor and detect AMR, however, have been significantly delayed and introduced much later after the beginning of industrial production and consumption of antimicrobials. However, monitoring and detection of AMR is largely focused on bacterial pathogens, thus missing multiple key events which take place before the emergence and spread of AMR among the pathogens. In this regard, careful analysis of AMR development towards recently introduced antimicrobials may serve as a valuable example for the better understanding of mechanisms driving AMR evolution. Here, the example of evolution of tet(X), which confers resistance to the next-generation tetracyclines, is summarised and discussed. Initial mechanisms of resistance to these antimicrobials among pathogens were mostly via chromosomal mutations leading to the overexpression of efflux pumps. High-level resistance was achieved only after the acquisition of flavin-dependent monooxygenase-encoding genes from the environmental microbiota. These genes confer resistance to all tetracyclines, including the next-generation tetracyclines, and thus were termed tet(X). ISCR2 and IS26, as well as a variety of conjugative and mobilizable plasmids of different incompatibility groups, played an essential role in the acquisition of tet(X) genes from natural reservoirs and in further dissemination among bacterial commensals and pathogens. This process, which took place within the last decade, demonstrates how rapidly AMR evolution may progress, taking away some drugs of last resort from our arsenal.  相似文献   
3.
纳雍枝铅锌矿床是黔西北地区迄今研究程度较高的大型矿床之一,为探讨成矿物质来源和矿床成因,应用ICP-MS方法对该矿床的主要矿物闪锌矿和白云石进行了微量、稀土元素分析,结果表明:闪锌矿微量元素相对地壳元素丰度,富集Ga、Cd、Sb,贫In;白云石和围岩的稀土元素都具有富集LREE和低异常δEu(δEu<1)的特征,且白云石的稀土元素总量略高于围岩的稀土元素总量,表明成矿物质具有多源性;该矿床地质特征与MVT型矿床相似,结合lnω(Ga)-lnω(In)关系图解认为该矿床为MVT型矿床。  相似文献   
4.
刘艺  李国喜  郑毅然 《表面技术》2021,50(9):286-292
目的 研究稀土Y对热浸镀铝层的影响,提高热浸镀铝件的耐蚀性能.方法 通过向热浸镀铝液中添加不同量的铝钇合金,获得稀土Y含量不同的热浸镀铝件.选用3.5%的NaCl溶液为腐蚀溶液,利用SEM、EDS观测其形貌、成分,并使用电化学测试和全浸试验研究稀土Y对镀层耐蚀性能的影响.结果 当添加0.2%Y时,热浸镀铝层表面平整、无孔洞,针状相细小,镀铝层减薄,过渡层由锯齿状转变为连续带状.稀土Y的添加使镀铝件的自腐蚀电位正移,自腐蚀电流密度减小,添加量为0.2%时,自腐蚀电位最正,为?0.7857 V,自腐蚀电流密度最小,为1.3505×10?8 A/cm2.与添加其他稀土元素相比,添加0.2%Y时,镀层的破裂电位Eb最正,为?0.6957 V.不同稀土含量的热浸镀铝件的交流阻抗谱都为单一的容抗弧,当稀土Y添加量为0.2%时,容抗弧半径最大.全浸试验中,添加0.2%Y的镀件的腐蚀速率最低.结论 稀土Y的添加可以使热浸铝层光滑、连续,且具有提高其耐腐蚀性的作用.Y添加量为0.2%时,镀铝件的耐蚀性最好.  相似文献   
5.
The electromagnetic materials are featured by good magnetic permeability and dielectric constant characteristics, which are of significant importance in solving the pollution problem of electromagnetic. In this study, after the complete of the use of sol-gel method, argon gas was then introduced for calcination, and eventually a new type of MWCNTs/Ni0.5Zn0.5Nd0.04Fe1.96O4 composites was synthesized after the above mentioned procedures. The synthesized MWCNTs were able to be adsorbed on the surface of Ni0.5Zn0.5Nd0.04Fe1.96O4 and could form a good conductive work of 3D. Also, the effect of additional MWCNTs on microwave absorption properties of MWCNTs/Ni0.5Zn0.5Nd0.04Fe1.96O4 composites were also observed in this study. The results indicate that the additional MWCNTs function to significantly improve the microwave absorption property of MWCNTs/Ni0.5Zn0.5Nd0.04Fe1.96O4. Through altering the amount of MWCNTs, the microwave attenuation performance and impedance matching coefficient of this electromagnetic materials can be effectively improved. The S2 sample presented a minimum reflection loss of ?35.05 dB when its thickness reached 1.6 mm, meanwhile, the effective absorption bandwidth achieved 4.55 GHz. The prepared composites perform well in microwave absorption, which can attribute to the reasonable ratio of composites as well as its interaction with both of the magnetic and dielectric components. This research paved the way for novel ideas to be put in the electromagnetic absorption materials with high-efficient.  相似文献   
6.
在乡村旅游迅速发展的同时,乡村地区开始显现出乡村景观的无序化开发和城市化倾向,根据游客行为特征,合理进行规划和建设,才能引导乡村旅游的可持续健康发展。以汉中市乡村旅游地为例,以马蜂窝UGC数据为数据样本,通过GIS时空分析技术对数据信息进行时间和空间上的处理与表达,继而分析乡村旅游游客行为的时空特征及影响因素。研究表明:1)乡村游客出游呈现春秋旺、夏冬淡的时间特征,其兴趣点分布呈一核多点式的空间分布特征,以及以古村镇、历史遗址与乡村自然风光类景点为导向的空间偏好特征;2)空间分布对于道路的依赖性较强,使得交通不太便利的镇巴等区域游客聚集程度低,而景点距离市区的远近对游客行为影响不大,提升景点吸引力才是关键。基于以上研究基础,为乡村旅游的空间规划及未来的保护利用和建设管理提供建议。  相似文献   
7.
The compounds based on calcium molybdate (CaMoO4) are the subject of extensive research due to their excellent optical properties and a broad range of potential technological applications. In this work, we report a systematic study of CaMoO4:Tm3+ phosphors synthesized by coprecipitation and processed in a microwave-hydrothermal system at low temperature (100°C) and stirring. The effect of the Tm3+ doping content (0%–12%) is studied in full detail to understand their role in the CaMoO4:Tm3+ morphological, structural, and luminescent properties. The X-ray diffraction, Raman, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic techniques revealed that all the prepared powders have a tetragonal crystal structure with a distinct density of cation vacancies and structural disorders. The band gap remains almost constant for doping levels lower than 8%, but it narrows strongly for powders doped with 12% Tm3+ ions. The designed phosphors have shown two emission bands in which intensity depends on the Tm3+ ions doping level. For doping levels lower than 2%, the photoluminescence profile displays a broad emission band peaking at 543 nm (green). For concentrations higher than 4%, the band centered at 543 nm decreases in intensity and the near-infrared emission band at around 800 nm, assigned to 3F3, 3H4 → 3H6 transitions from Tm3+ ion, become more intense. The outcomes of this work reveal that appropriated Tm3+ ions doping levels can be applied to suppress the PL emission in the visible range and improve that in the near-infrared region in CaMoO4-based materials.  相似文献   
8.
A series of rare earth zirconates (RE2Zr2O7) high-entropy ceramics with single- and dual-phase structure were prepared. Compared with La2Zr2O7 and Yb2Zr2O7, the smaller “rattling” ions (Yb3+, Er3+, Y3+) have been incorporated into pyrochlore lattice in (La0.2Nd0.2Y0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)2Zr2O7 (LNYEY) while larger ions (La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+) incorporated into fluorite lattice in (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Yb0.2)2Zr2O7 (LNSGY). Due to high-entropy lattice distortion and resonant scattering derived from smaller ions Yb3+, Er3+, and Y3+, LNYEY shows a lower glass-like thermal conductivity (1.62-1.59 W m-1 K-1, 100-600℃) than LNSGY (1.74-1.75 W m-1 K-1, 100-600℃). Moreover, LNYEY and LNSGY exhibit enhanced Vickers’ hardness (LNYEY, Hv = 11.47 ± 0.41 GPa; LNSGY, Hv = 10.96 ± 0.26 GPa) and thermal expansion coefficients (LNYEY, 10.45 × 10-6 K-1, 1000℃; LNSGY, 11.02 × 10-6 K-1, 1000℃). These results indicate that dual-phase rare-earth-zirconate high-entropy ceramics could be desirable for thermal barrier coatings.  相似文献   
9.
赵勤  回璇 《包装工程》2021,42(10):323-333
目的 赣傩艺术元素内容丰富并保存完整,是研究我国古代赣傩地区文化与艺术的珍贵史料.研究赣傩艺术元素的提取及衍生图案的设计方法,在设计应用中表达赣傩傩面具、选取傩舞形和构筑傩庙魂,能给当代赣傩艺术元素的产品设计以指引.方法 通过直接引用、形意结合和局部强化的设计方法,增厚其丰富内涵、设计个性和主题意蕴.通过现代化审美中"绿色化、感性化、地域化"的要求,遵循"以退为进,化繁为简""多元并存,个性体现"的原则,强化赣傩艺术元素的独特风格.结论 用现代的手法,将特色的赣傩艺术元素植入到理性的产品设计中去,使赣傩艺术元素与现代设计思想有机结合.在继承传统文化与现代流行中找到契合点,深入挖掘赣傩艺术元素蕴含的文化精神、文化胸怀和文化自信,使中华传统文化在现代审美下进行创新再现.  相似文献   
10.
采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP–MS)法测定了南宁市售茶叶中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Cr和Ni七种重金属的含量,运用内梅罗综合污染指数对重金属污染水平进行评价,运用靶标危害系数法对重金属人体健康风险进行评估。结果表明:试验方法精密度和准确度都较高,市售茶叶中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Cr和Ni的含量差异较大,其中Pb、Cd、As和Cr的含量均未超过茶叶中重金属标准限值,且均处于安全等级,综合污染指数(P)≤0.7;茶叶中各重金属的单一靶标危害系数(THQ)及综合危害系数的(HI)均远小于1,对人体健康风险小,表明南宁市售茶叶中的重金属不存在明显的健康风险。  相似文献   
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