Effect of phosphogypsum on saline-alkalinity and aggregate stability of bauxite residue

A column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum (PG) on the saline- alkalinity, and aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Results showed that: with increasing leaching time, the concentrations of saline-alkali ions decreased while the concentration increased in bauxite residue leachate; compared with CK (control group) treatment, pH, electric conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable Na⁺ content of bauxite residue were reduced following PG treatment; average particle sizes in aggregates following CK and PG treatments were determined to be 155 and 193 nm, respectively. SR-μCT test results also confirmed that bauxite residue following PG treatment acquired larger aggregates and larger pore diameter. These results indicate that the PG treatment could significantly modulate the saline-alkalinity, and simultaneously enhance aggregate stability of bauxite residue, which provides a facile approach to reclaim bauxite residue disposal areas.     

A new systematic firefly algorithm for forecasting the durability of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete

This study presents a new systematic algorithm to optimize the durability of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete. The proposed algorithm integrates machine learning with a new version of the firefly algorithm called chaotic based firefly algorithm (CFA) to evolve a rational and efficient predictive model. The CFA optimizer is augmented with chaotic maps and Lévy flight to improve the firefly performance in forecasting the chloride penetrability of strengthened recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A comprehensive and credible database of distinctive chloride migration coefficient results is used to establish the developed algorithm. A dataset composite of nine effective parameters, including concrete components and fundamental characteristics of recycled aggregate (RA), is used as input to predict the migration coefficient of strengthened RAC as output. k-fold cross validation algorithm is utilized to validate the hybrid algorithm. Three numerical benchmark analyses are applied to prove the superiority and applicability of the CFA algorithm in predicting chloride penetrability. Results show that the developed CFA approach significantly outperforms the firefly algorithm on almost tested functions and demonstrates powerful prediction. In addition, the proposed strategy can be an active tool to recognize the contradictions in the experimental results and can be especially beneficial for assessing the chloride resistance of RAC.     

混菌矿化增强再生粗骨料的物理力学性能

为克服单一微生物培养成本高且矿化鲁棒性不足的缺陷，提出了一种混菌矿化增强再生粗骨料物理力学性能的方法.通过筛选矿化效率较高的好氧嗜碱混菌，考察了混菌矿化对再生粗骨料物理力学性能和混凝土抗压强度的影响.结果表明：相同增强时间下，混菌比纯菌呈现出更优异的矿化增强效果；随着混菌矿化增强时间的延长，再生粗骨料吸水率和压碎指标呈现出先减小后增大的趋势，最优增强时间为15 d；采用矿化增强再生粗骨料制备的再生混凝土抗压强度提高幅度达到22.1%.     

锂电池回收再生石墨增强水泥性能研究

废弃锂离子电池的负极活性材料主要为石墨,现阶段对于废弃锂离子电池中的石墨主要采用填埋等方法进行处理,造成了资源的浪费和环境的污染。现有的研究表明,废弃锂离子电池中的石墨经高温热解及酸浸处理后可以得到纯净的再生石墨,采用再生石墨增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能和电学性能。结果表明：再生石墨的引入可以增强材料的抗压性能和抗折性能,最大增幅分别达到了57.3%和84.4%。此外,再生石墨的加入有效降低了材料的电阻率,减少了极化时间,当再生石墨的掺加量为3%时,养护28 d后材料的电阻率仅为249 Ω·cm。该复合材料还具有典型的压敏特性。所制备的复合材料有望用于混凝土材料结构的实时动态监测。此外,对于废弃锂离子电池的全组分回收利用及功能水泥材料的研发具有重要意义。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱测定豆类杂粮中53种农药残留

目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定杂粮中53种农药残留的分析方法。方法杂粮样品采用乙腈提取,经MgSO_4、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷化硅胶、C_(18)混合净化剂净化,CAPCELL CORE AQ柱(150 mm×3 mm, 2.7μm)分离,以5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸, V:V)-5 mmol/L甲酸铵甲醇溶液(含0.1%甲酸,V:V)为流动相,在全扫描和自动触发二级质谱(Full MS/dd-MS~2)模式下采集数据。结果 53种目标物在各自范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99,定量限为1～10μg/kg,平均回收率为73.8%～119.7%,相对标准偏差为0.7%～12.1%。结论该法操作简便,灵敏,适用于杂粮中53种农药残留的定性、定量筛查。     

人工砂混凝土性能试验研究

采用正交试验方法配制了不同人工砂取代率、石粉含量、粉煤灰含量的混凝土, 对比了每组混凝土的坍落度, 研究了3 d、28 d龄期混凝土的抗压性能。结果表明: 最优配比的人工砂取代率、石粉含量和粉煤灰含量分别为10%、3%和5%, 此时28 d抗压强度为40.1 MPa, 满足30 MPa的混凝土设计强度。     

再生混凝土抗压强度试验研究

设计3种不同再生骨料取代率的再生混凝土立方体试件，分别在7 d、14 d、28 d、100 d龄期进行抗压强度试验，结果表明：长龄期再生混凝土立方体抗压强度有所增大，但高取代率比低取代率的抗压强度降低，再生混凝土后期强度增长速率高于普通混凝土。对试验室实测的再生混凝土立方体抗压强度与试验龄期进行拟合，拟合结果相关系数均大于0.97，吻合结果较好。     

卫星激光通信粗跟踪系统复合控制策略

针对卫星激光通信粗跟踪系统的跟踪稳定精度指标要求高的特点,建立了基于永磁同步电机直接驱动的粗跟踪系统模型并进行了跟踪稳定误差分析。在采用传统PID控制策略存在跟踪误差较大、动态性能较差等不足的基础上,提出了一种基于粗跟踪系统的改进型前馈复合控制策略。从理论上分析了前馈复合控制策略提高了粗跟踪系统的动态性能,为降低跟踪稳定误差提供了改善方案。地面实验验证结果表明,与传统控制策略相比,改进型复合控制策略极大地降低了系统的动态跟踪误差,动态跟踪误差由606μrad降低至13μrad(1δ)。进一步的在轨实验也验证了改进型复合控制策略的合理性和先进性,总体指标满足了卫星激光通信终端的极高精度要求。本文所提出的控制策略对其他高性能跟踪伺服系统设计也具有较大的借鉴意义。     

Multilayer assembly of ionic starches on old corrugated container recycled cellulosic fibers

In this study, old corrugated container recycled fibers were treated with polyelectrolyte multilayers consisting of biopolymer cationic starch with two degrees of substitution (DS) each in combination with one anionic starch. Pulp zeta potential, paper strength and the thin layer ellipsometry technique were applied to examine the influence of cationic starch DS on the formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers. The results indicated a significant interaction between the DS of cationic starch and the number of ionic starch layers formed. When low‐DS cationic starch was used, the pulp zeta potential and the paper strength increased significantly in assembling the first cationic layer. However, in depositing high‐DS cationic starch a greater zeta potential and a stronger influence on the paper strength were observed with a larger number of starch layers. This was confirmed by thin layer ellipsometry when a greater thickness of multilayers was achieved by employing high‐DS cationic starch to form a higher number of layers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

碳酸性侵蚀与AAR作用下纳米混凝土的耐久性

地铁混凝土处于地下空间,容易受到地下水的碳酸性侵蚀；碱集料反应 (AAR)是一种严重的混凝土耐久性问题,既难以发现又难以修补,由两者共同作用引起的混凝土耐久性降低严重影响地铁隧道的正常使用.为研究纳米材料对地铁混凝土在碳酸性侵蚀和AAR共同作用下耐久性的影响,在普通混凝土中掺入适量纳米SiO₂和纳米Fe₂O₃,利用自行研制的碳酸性侵蚀试验箱进行试验,采用碳酸性侵蚀深度、膨胀率和声速作为测试指标来评价纳米混凝土在碳酸性侵蚀和AAR共同作用下的耐久性.试验结果表明:掺入纳米颗粒后,混凝土的膨胀率和侵蚀深度有了明显降低,而声速有了明显提升,说明纳米混凝土的耐久性优于普通混凝土；在182 d龄期时,掺量为2%的纳米SiO₂混凝土耐久性改善最明显,侵蚀深度和膨胀率最小,声速最大且声速下降幅度最小；其次是掺量为1%的纳米Fe₂O₃混凝土.由于纳米颗粒特殊的物理化学性质,改善了混凝土内部的微观结构和孔溶液的化学组成,使碳酸性侵蚀和碱集料反应共同作用下混凝土的耐久性得到了提高.