无黏土相盐水储层钻开液体系构建及其抗污染性能评价

采用NaCl/KCl/HCOONa复配欠饱和盐水作为钻开液的基础液相,自研的聚合物VIS-B作为流型调节剂,可酸溶的改性淀粉STA作为体系的降失水剂,Dua及Jqw作为暂堵材料,构建了一套无黏土相钻开液体系。该体系在密度1.10~1.28 g/cm^3间稳定可调,抗温可达130℃,具有较高的低剪切速率黏度和较好的润滑性能,且能有效抵抗各类储层污染物的污染,满足了Missan油田不同储层段的作业需求。     

Weighted regularized extreme learning machine to model the discharge coefficient of side slots

In the current research, a modern learning machine algorithm named “Weighted Regularized Extreme Learning Machine (WRELM)" is implemented for the first time for the simulation of the coefficient of discharge of side slots. For this purpose, an effective variable on the coefficient of discharge of side slots is firstly introduced, then five distinctive WRELM models are produced by it for the estimation of the coefficient. In the next stage, a database is created for verification of WRELM results. it should be mentioned that 70% of the data are utilized for training the WRELM models, while the rest (i.e. 30%) for testing them. After that, the optimal number of hidden layer neurons as well as the best activation function of the WRELM algorithm are chosen. In addition, the best regularization parameter and also the weight function of the WRELM are achieved. By conducting a sensitivity analysis, the most effective variable for the simulation of the coefficient of discharge along with the WRELM superior model is introduced. The WRELM superior model estimates values of the coefficient of discharge with the maximum exactness and the highest correlation. For instance, the estimations of the correlation coefficient and scatter index for this model are computed to be 0.930 and 0.051, respectively. The sensitivity analysis shows that the ratio of the side slot crest height to its length and the Froude number should be considered as the most important input variables. A comparison between the WRELM with the ELM displays that the former works much better. Furthermore, an uncertainty analysis is executed for both models. Eventually, an equation is suggested for the estimation of the coefficient of discharge and a partial derivative sensitivity analysis is performed on it.     

断控岩溶主控的缝洞型碳酸盐岩内部溶蚀相带表征——以塔河油田10区奥陶系油藏为例

以塔河油田10区的典型井组为研究对象，在明确断裂主控岩溶的背景下，分析岩溶作用过程与缝洞空间分布的关系，揭示了研究区缝洞体内幕结构及油气生产差异机理。通过对钻井、地震、示踪剂等动态和静态资料的分析，将研究区缝洞储集体划分为洞穴型、孔洞型、裂缝-孔洞型和裂缝型4种类型。结合地球物理描述与相似露头观察，分析断控岩溶作用下溶洞的发育过程，并建立基于成因演化的缝洞空间分布模式。岩溶作用下储层的发育具有分带性，依据该模式从内向外划分出4个溶蚀相带，分别是大型溶洞带、溶蚀孔洞密集区、缝洞联合发育体以及最外围的裂缝破裂带。不同的溶蚀相带其发育的主要储集体类型、储集物性、井震特征以及储量和产能情况有较大差异。在此基础上，结合生产动态资料所揭示的不同井之间的响应和连通情况，明确了研究区不同钻井分别钻遇了不同发育程度或演化阶段的缝洞溶蚀相带，且主要存在溶洞连通、缝洞连通和裂缝连通3种沟通方式。通过对缝洞溶蚀相带空间配置关系的有效刻画，采用确定性建模方法建立岩溶储层三维地质模型，并取得较好的数值模拟效果。     

超深超高压裂缝性致密砂岩气藏高效开发技术——以塔里木盆地克拉苏气田为例

塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏气田属于国内罕见的超深超高压裂缝性致密砂岩气藏,气田开发在超深圈闭及断层的落实、储层气水分布的预测、气藏精细描述、裂缝活动性变化的评价及预测、动态监测资料录取、渗流机理研究及对水侵的预测和治理等方面面临诸多难题。为此,通过开展超深复杂构造地震处理解释、裂缝性致密储层定量描述与地质建模、断层活动性评价、超高压气井动态监测以及超高压条件下的渗流机理实验,结合考虑水侵影响的优化开发技术政策,攻关形成了适用于该气藏的系列配套开发技术,并应用于气田开发实践。结果表明:(1)对于山前超深复杂构造,宽方位、高覆盖、高密度的地震采集技术和基于高精度速度模型的叠前深度偏移处理技术可以有效改善地震资料的品质,提高圈闭和断层的落实程度;(2)沿轴线高部位集中布井的井网可以较好地规避构造偏移的风险,实现储量的有效动用、延缓边部水侵;(3)防水、控水、排水是裂缝性致密砂岩气藏开发全生命周期都需要考虑的关键问题,温和开采、见水排水是主要的开发技术对策;(4)系列配套开发技术在该气田取得了良好的应用效果,钻井成功率、产能到位率均达到100%,高效井比例达到78%,该气田年产气量从3×10~8 m~3快速上升到74×10~8 m~3。     

An improved iterative stochastic multi-objective acceptability analysis method for robust alternative selection in new product development

Alternative selection in new product development (NPD) is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. It usually starts with incomplete, imprecise or even partially missing information. Currently, most existing methods in dealing with this problem cannot work well if required information is incomplete or missing. It is acknowledged that stochastic multi-objective acceptability analysis (SMAA) can be applied to address MCDM problem with incomplete preference information and uncertain criteria measurements. In SMAA, alternatives are evaluated based on SMAA measurements (acceptability index, central weight vector and confidence factor). The discriminability of SMAA for the optimum alternative heavily depends on differences of SMAA measurements among different alternatives. Usually, a large number of alternatives and high level of uncertainty are involved in alternative selection in NPD. In this situation, the differences among SMAA measurements are not obvious, and therefore SMAA cannot deal with such problem very well. To this end, this paper proposes an improved SMAA method called Iterative-SMAA (I-SMAA) for alternative selection in NPD. In the I-SMAA, an iterative multi-step decision-making process is suggested to improve differences of SMAA measurements among different alternatives, and thus assist decision makers (DMs) to positively discern from the most preferred alternative. To enhance the decision-making efficiency, sensitive criteria are acquired in each iteration by ranking sensitivity analysis. DMs are guided to provide partial preference information and give more accurate criteria measurements for sensitive criteria rather than all criteria. Eventually, to verify the proposed method, a numerical example of the existing literature is solved with the method, and the results are compared. And then, a practical example of a preparation equipment for coal samples is further employed to verify the practicability of the proposed I-SMAA.     

稠油油藏火驱前后储集层变化定量表征——以辽河油田高3-6-18井为例

火驱是稠油油藏继蒸汽吞吐后提高采收率的技术之一。储集层是决定火驱开发效果的根本因素,而温度是影响火驱储集层变化的主要因素。以辽河油田高3-6-18井为例,通过模拟实验,得到火驱过程中不同阶段的样品,分析了火驱前后储集层的变化,建立了研究区火驱过程中储集层变化模式。研究表明：结焦带的储集层物性较差,Fe（OH）₃沉淀物、CaCO₃沉淀物和沥青质沉积堵塞孔喉,长石向黏土矿物转化,同时生成大量的硅质胶结物,破坏了粒间孔与粒内溶孔,使孔隙度和渗透率降低,物性变差;燃烧带和已燃带的储集层物性较好,Fe（OH）₃和CaCO₃沉淀物分解、沥青质沉积的裂解,使孔喉增大,黏土矿物的烧结作用使高岭石向蒙脱石、伊利石转化,同时存在蒙脱石向伊利石的转化,使以黏土矿物为主的粒间填隙物发生不同程度的体积收缩,颗粒和填隙物之间产生裂缝,并随温度升高,裂缝会明显加宽,孔喉增大且连通性变好,孔隙度与渗透率升高。     

一种利用生产动态资料确定水驱前缘的方法

针对长庆油田低渗透储集层岩性致密、注水受效不均衡、单井产量低、平面非均质性强等导致地下水驱不均的问题,依据低渗透油藏水驱理论建立基础模型,并考虑注采井网中生产井的干扰,根据势的叠加原理,引入生产井影响因子系数,建立了井组单元内水驱前缘的简易确定方法。将该方法应用于鄂尔多斯盆地某超低渗透油藏加密调整部署,通过生产实例验证,该方法简便易行,计算结果可靠。     

四川盆地磨溪地区灯四段风化壳岩溶储层特征

近年来，四川盆地磨溪地区灯四段的油气勘探取得了重大突破，为研究磨溪22井区灯四上亚段优质岩溶储层特征及分布规律，开展了岩心分析、物性测试、地震资料解释、测井分析和有利岩溶储层发育区预测等工作。结果表明：①岩溶储层的岩性主要为藻云岩类、砂屑云岩类和结晶云岩类，储集空间主要为溶蚀孔、溶洞和裂缝；②溶蚀作用包括同生期大气淡水的溶蚀作用、埋藏期深部热液溶蚀作用和有机酸的溶蚀作用、表生期大气淡水的溶蚀作用；③表生期的溶蚀作用控制了优质储层的分布，多发育于垂直渗流带附近和水平潜流带上部区域，平面上优质储层的分布受控于沉积相带和古地貌特征，以丘滩相和溶丘斜坡较好。该研究成果为磨溪地区下一步勘探指明了方向。     

开江—梁平海槽西侧飞仙关组不同类型鲕滩储层特征及其控制因素研究

针对开江—梁平海槽西侧飞仙关组鲕滩储层特征及主控因素存在较大差异的问题,基于鲕滩沉积演化规律，结合物性与地球化学分析，对开江—梁平海槽西侧飞仙关组鲕滩储层进行了研究。结果表明:伴随区内飞仙关期高能坡折带不断迁移，对应形成三期鲕滩，发育鲕粒云岩和鲕粒灰岩2类储层，物性及孔隙结构以鲕粒云岩型储层最优，次为鲕粒灰岩型储层。在鲕滩沉积的物质基础上，轻度蒸发海水诱发的回流渗透叠加深部热液白云石化作用共同控制鲕粒云岩型储层的形成，而有机酸主导的埋藏期保孔-扩孔作用既进一步改善先期形成的鲕粒云岩型储层，又影响了鲕粒灰岩型储层的形成。该研究对鲕滩储层的差异性成储机理相关研究有很好的借鉴意义。     

煤样多元物性参数在煤与瓦斯突出防治中的应用研究

煤与瓦斯突出是一种复杂的动力现象，突出的类型不同、引起突出的危险因素不同，预测指标对其的敏感性也就不同，选择适应的突出危险性预测敏感指标及突出敏感指标的临界值，研究可靠的突出预测手段和方法来实现对突出危险性的准确预测，是指导突出防治工作的重要技术基础，而为了获得突出敏感指标的临界值就必须对煤的多元物性参数进行实验研究，掌握煤层的各项物化性质，是有效确定防治突出方法体系的关键基础。