The effect of various fire‐exposed surface dimensions on the spalling of concrete specimens

Concrete spalling due to fire exposure is often defined as the sudden detachment of fragments from a concrete surface. It can be quantified by various parameters of which weight loss and spalling depth are the most common ones. The risk of spalling is influenced by many factors such as concrete composition, heating rate and applied testing methods. A reduced scale testing method should be developed to analyse the spalling behaviour and to understand its effectiveness in more detail. As a subsection of this development, this study aimed to analyse the effect of different‐sized, circular heated areas in semi full‐scale fire tests. Therefore, vermiculite slabs with varying cut‐outs in their centre were placed between a specimen made of a spalling‐sensitive concrete and the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber was heated following a standard fire curve. Our experimental results show that the thermal expansion inside of equal‐sized specimens is strongly dependent on the size of the heated area. In addition, this area also affects thermal stresses. They decrease as a result of lower temperature gradients for tests with smaller unheated boundary areas. Apart from this, the analysis of fragments shows no correlation between their relative volume distribution and the heated area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

综采工作面煤壁片帮机理及控制措施

8102综采工作面回采期间出现严重的煤壁片帮现象,最大片帮深度达2.4 m,导致工作面端面距加大,端面处顶板出现破碎、冒落现象,控制难度大,而且大面积片帮严重损坏了工作面机械设备,制约了工作面的安全快速回采。基于此,北辛窑煤矿综采队合理分析了综采工作面煤壁片帮机理,提出了“注浆+超前支护”联合控制措施。通过实际应用,该措施有效控制了煤壁片帮现象,取得了显著的应用成效。     

复杂地质煤巷快速掘进技术研究

随着我国经济的快速发展，其对煤的需求量越来越大，带动了我国煤矿业的快速发展。机械化的加入加快了煤的开采，但在开采过程中出现了巷道易片帮等问题，研究分析了控制片帮的解决办法，并对其施工工艺进行优化，在解决巷道片帮的问题中，使用的方法为短掘短支，该方法既快捷又简单，解决了煤巷快速掘进技术中的不足，但该方法也仍旧存在着一些需要改善的地方。     

复杂地质条件下综放工作面的顶板控制

通过对 6 114工作面顶板、煤壁现状的现场观测和理论分析 ,总结出了复杂地质条件下综放工作面煤壁片帮、端面顶板冒落的规律和特点 ,提出了一系列复杂地质条件下综放工作面顶板控制措施 ,现场应用后取得了较好的效果     

地下结构抗冲击波作用层裂钢板效果数值模拟

利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,对混凝土结构底面是否固定钢板进行了模拟.通过对两种情况下的结果分析,揭示了混凝土不同位置处单元σy值的时程规律,得到了在计算时间内钢板的存在能够有效地减小相邻混凝土单元的最大拉应力,并延长其出现时间;同时得到了在类似研究的工程结构中,边界效应对混凝土层裂现象无影响.对相关工程的设计、施工具有参考价值.     

深部直墙拱形隧洞围岩板裂破坏的模拟试验研究

为了解深部直墙拱形隧洞板裂破坏的发生过程和机制,采用TRW-3000真三轴试验系统对含直墙拱形孔洞的红砂岩立方体试样(100 mm×100 mm×100 mm)进行了真三轴试验,模拟了深度500 m初始地应力环境下直墙拱形隧洞板裂破坏过程,并利用岩样内部破坏视频监控系统对试验过程进行实时记录和监测。试验完成后,对试验过程中孔洞侧壁破坏过程、破坏特征进行了分析,并与同等深度的圆形孔洞洞壁破坏进行了对比。结果表明:在竖直应力为最大主应力和水平径向应力为最小主应力的条件下,直墙拱形孔洞破坏主要发生在两侧拱脚和拱腰之间,靠近自由面的围岩破裂为近似平行于最大主应力的板状薄岩片,呈典型的张拉板裂破裂特征;随最大主应力的增加,板裂破坏逐渐向孔洞水平径向发展,板裂岩片呈现中间厚、两翼薄的弧形特征,最终形成对称的V型槽破坏区,并具有明显的时间效应。与圆形孔洞的动力破坏特征相比,直墙拱形孔洞主要偏于静力破坏,且初始破坏所需应力水平高,孔洞侧壁在高应力环境中破坏更严重。     

高强混凝土柱准耐火极限的数值计算

在前期研究结果的基础上,编制了高强混凝土轴压柱和偏压柱准耐火极限的计算程序,考查了高温爆裂对准耐火极限的影响,研究了柱截面尺寸、轴压比、配筋率和偏心距等参数对高强混凝土柱准耐火极限的影响规律,结果表明:高温爆裂对高强混凝土柱准耐火极限的影响明显,截面尺寸、轴压比和偏心距的影响较大,而配筋率的影响较小。     

Post-earthquake fire performance of reinforced concrete columns

Post-earthquake fire (PEF) is a relatively frequent disaster, but its damage on reinforcement concrete (RC) members is complicated and usually affected by uncertain factors. Earthquake damage leads to the decreasing of the stress and deformation properties of structures before the fire disaster begins. Even though it is difficult to figure out the exact damage principal of the PEF structures, there are several efforts focused on it. The main innovation of this paper relates to the extent of the earthquake damage on the fire resistance of the PEF RC columns, for which there has been little study in the past. The earthquake damage of an RC structure under a shaking table test is presented first, and the simulation models of the PEF RC columns are established. Then, the temperature field analysis of the PEF RC columns exposed in ISO 834 fire curve is carried out, from which the temperature contours and curves with the different spalling forms are employed. Finally, the prediction equations of the compressive bearing capacity reduction factor of the PEF RC columns are proposed.     

多层采空区下厚层坚硬顶板综采面矿压规律研究

为了掌握大同矿区多采空区下厚层坚硬顶板综采面开采的矿压显现规律,以晋华宫矿11#煤层8707综采面为研究对象,利用综采记录仪数据分析系统监测工作面推进过程中综采支架液压值信息,同时对综采面现场片帮、冒顶情况进行详细观测。综合分析现场观测数据,得出其矿压显现规律:1周期来压步距基本处于18~26m之间,均值为21.93m;2工作面周期来压平均动载系数为1.23,来压不剧烈;3片深及冒高累积量变化趋势沿工作面倾向呈"M"型;4支架工作阻力沿工作面倾向大体呈"M"型分布,前柱液压普遍大于后柱;5综采面采用ZZ6000/17/37B型支撑掩护式液压支架,基本能满足实际生产要求。研究成果对于减少工作面冒漏顶事故,保障安全高效开采具有重要作用。     

C75混凝土动态层裂强度试验研究

基于线弹性力学理论和一维应力波的基本假定,采用大直径霍普金森杆对C75混凝土进行了一维杆层裂试验,以研究其动态拉伸强度和应变率效应.为了确定不同子弹速度下的混凝土弹性模量,在试件上采用了多点贴片的方法;通过优化子弹的尺寸,大大降低了应力波的波形弥散现象;提出了一种测定混凝土衰减系数的新方法,该方法能消除试件不均匀性、应变片个体差异以及信号衰减微弱等不良因素的影响,所获得的衰减系数比较精确.结果表明：C75混凝土动态拉伸强度具有较强的应变率相关性,在100~102s-1应变率范围内,其层裂强度随着应变率的增大呈线性增长关系.