一种新型的室温快速固化胶黏剂的研制

本文开发了一种新型的方舱夹芯板用室温固化高强度环氧结构胶黏剂,验证了其物化特性、相关力学性能和环境适应性。结果表明此胶黏剂具有优良性能,可以满足方舱用大板胶黏剂的使用需求。     

“灰绿”协同措施对银川市合流制溢流污染的影响EI北大核心CSCD

针对合流制管网系统在雨天溢流污染严重,造成城市水体黑臭现象的问题,以银川市某高密度城区合流制管网系统为例,基于SWMM模型,在短历时设计降雨和长历时设计降雨两种条件下,模拟分析了合流制溢流(CSO)调蓄池、雨污管道混错接改造、绿化带海绵化改造等“灰绿”协同措施对CSO污染的影响。结果表明:CSO调蓄池、雨污管道混错接改造、绿化带海绵化改造及“灰绿”措施结合4种方案在短历时、长历时设计降雨条件下,随着降水量的增加,溢流水量及溢流污染物负荷均增加,溢流削减率均逐渐减小,其中“灰绿”措施结合方案对溢流污染的削减效果最为显著;重现期小于5 a时,溢流水量削减率与溢流污染物负荷削减率基本达到80%;降雨条件为中雨时,污染物负荷削减率基本达到75%;重现期为20 a时,溢流水量削减率及TSS、COD、TP、NH^(+)_(4)-N负荷削减率分别达到64%、70%、70%、70%、70%;降雨条件为大雨时,溢流水量削减率及TSS、COD、TP、NH^(+)_(4)-N负荷削减率分别达到28%、32%、26%、31%、33%。     

Surface Reconstruction Engineering with Synergistic Effect of Mixed-Salt Passivation Treatment toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Surface passivation treatment is a widely used strategy to resolve trap-mediated nonradiative recombination toward high-efficiency metal-halide perovskite photovoltaics. However, a lack of passivation with mixture treatment has been investigated, as well as an in-depth understanding of its passivation mechanism. Here, a systematic study on a mixed-salt passivation strategy of formamidinium bromide (FABr) coupled with different F-substituted alkyl lengths of ammonium iodide is demonstrated. It is obtained better device performance with decreasing chain length of the F-substituted alkyl ammonium iodide in the presence of FABr. Moreover, they unraveled a synergistic passivation mechanism of the mixed-salt treatment through surface reconstruction engineering, where FABr dominates the reformation of the perovskite surface via reacting with the excess PbI₂. Meanwhile, ammonium iodide passivates the perovskite grain boundaries both on the surface and top perovskite bulk through penetration. This synergistic passivation engineer results in a high-quality perovskite surface with fewer defects and suppressed ion migration, leading to a champion efficiency of 23.5% with mixed-salt treatment. In addition, the introduction of the moisture resisted F-substituted groups presents a more hydrophobic perovskite surface, thus enabling the decorated devices with excellent long-term stability under a high humid atmosphere as well as operational conditions.     

菌酶协同改善花生粕的饲用品质

花生粕是重要的蛋白饲料原料，但由于其氨基酸不平衡，特别是精氨酸与赖氨酸比例严重失衡（精氨酸与赖氨酸含量比值在3~4，理想的精氨酸与赖氨酸含量比值为1.0），限制了其在动物养殖中的应用。研究了复合酶预处理结合乳酸菌发酵花生粕对其品质的改善。结果表明：经菌酶协同处理后，花生粕粗蛋白质含量由46.4%提高至506%，大分子蛋白明显降解为小分子蛋白，酸溶蛋白质含量由2.3%提高至17.8%，多肽含量由1.6%提高至15.7%，蛋氨酸和赖氨酸含量分别提高了77.1%和42.0%，精氨酸降解率为18.7%，精氨酸与赖氨酸含量比值从3.7降低至2.1，总酸含量由06%提高到4.7%，其中乳酸含量由0.64 mg/g提高至14.63 mg/g。菌酶协同处理后的花生粕抗氧化性明显增强，其中每克菌酶协同处理后的花生粕对羟自由基的清除能力与171.6 mg VC相当，比花生粕（与47.6 mg VC相当）提高了2.6倍。     

转锈稳锈材料在石油钻采设备薄壁件表面的应用

石油钻采设备中存在部分薄壁板件(厚度不超过3 mm),在喷砂或喷丸过程中极易造成变形,故实际生产中只能手工打磨清理。但是手工打磨效率较低,且一旦手工清理不彻底,会影响产品的防腐质量。为提升石油钻采设备中薄壁防腐质量,引进了新材料——转锈稳锈材料。通过控制变量,使用拉拔仪检测不同变量下涂层附着力;对转锈稳锈材料和传统的手工处理进行比较,考察其对不同品牌的油漆是否具有兼容性。研究结果表明:转锈稳锈材料与传统的手工打磨清理相比在增加漆膜附着力方面更具有优势,而且与大多数的油漆具有兼容性。     

Behaviour of 54.4SiO2-13.7Na2O-1.7K2O-5.0CaO-12.4MgO-0.6Y2O3-11.3Al2O3-0.9B2O3 HT-SOFC glass sealant under oxidising and reducing atmospheres

The behaviour of the promising glass sealant 54.4SiO₂-13.7Na₂O-1.7K₂O-5.0CaO-12.4MgO-0.6Y₂O₃-11.3Al₂O₃-0.9B₂O₃ for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) under SOFC operating conditions was studied. First, the kinetics of the crystallisation processes at the operating temperature (850 °C) was discussed (maximum exposure time of 1000 h), and the effect of crystallisation on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the sealant was studied. Furthermore, the degradation processes at the interface of the glass sealant and functional SOFC materials (Crofer 22 APU, YSZ, and NiO(Ni)-YSZ) during exposure to 850 °C in oxidising and reducing atmospheres for 500 h were studied. The tests demonstrated good performance of the sealant studied and possibility of its application in SOFCs.     

Expert evaluation of traffic signs: conventional vs. alternative designs

Traffic sign comprehension is significantly affected by their compliance with ergonomics design principles. Despite the UN Convention, designs vary among countries. The goal of this study was to establish theoretical and methodological bases for evaluating the design of conventional and alternative signs. Thirty-one conventional signs and 1–3 alternatives for each conventional sign were evaluated for their compliance with three ergonomics guidelines for sign design: physical and conceptual compatibility, familiarity and standardisation. Twenty-seven human factors and ergonomics experts from 10 countries evaluated the signs relative to their compliance with the guidelines. Analysis of variance across alternatives revealed that for 19 of the 31 signs, an alternative design received a significantly higher rating in its ergonomics design than the conventional sign with the same meaning. We also found a very high correlation between the experts’ ratings and comprehension from previous studies. In conclusion, many countries use signs for which better alternative designs exist, and therefore UN Convention signs should be re-examined, and ergonomics experts evaluation can serve as a good surrogate for road users’ comprehension surveys.

Practitioner summary: This study presents theoretical and methodological bases for evaluating the design of UN Conventional and alternative traffic signs. Human factors and ergonomics experts evaluated 31 conventional and 68 alternative road signs, based on ergonomics principles for sign design. Results indicated the need to re-examine poorly designed UN Convention signs.     

二维层状Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

采用水热反应制备出β-Ni(OH)2,然后通过水热还原得到Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合粉体材料,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的相结构、成分及形貌进行表征分析。采用四球摩擦磨损试验机评价制备的Ni/β-Ni(OH)2作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,基础油为PAO6。摩擦试验后,采用SEM分析典型试验钢球磨斑的表面形貌,利用能谱仪(EDS)研究磨斑表面化学元素的组成,探讨Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨机制。结果表明:Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合材料作为润滑添加剂具有极好的减摩抗磨性能,显著优于基础油PAO6和未负载纳米Ni的二维β-Ni(OH)2层状材料;与基础油相比,添加0.1%质量分数Ni/β-Ni(OH)2添加剂的油样的摩擦因数和磨斑直径分别降低了17.6%和41.5%;Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合粉体综合了纳米Ni及层状β-Ni(OH)2两部分结构特性,在摩擦过程中,复合材料中的纳米金属粒子Ni与层状结构材料β-Ni(OH)2能够相互增强起到协同润滑作用。     

陈皮与普洱茶总黄酮的协同抗氧化作用研究

以大红柑柑普茶为原料,应用超声辅助法分别提取陈皮和普洱茶中的总黄酮,提取液经AB-8大孔树脂纯化,旋蒸浓缩得到待测液。将陈皮、普洱茶总黄酮按照浓度比3∶1、1∶1、1∶3混合,测定样品总黄酮溶液和VC对·OH、ABTS^+·和DPPH自由基清除能力和总还原力。结果表明,陈皮和普洱茶总黄酮均有较好的抗氧化作用,各复配组自由基清除率的IC50 mix均小于IC50add且在95%置信区间内有显著性差异,陈皮和普洱茶总黄酮相互作用指数(γ)在各组中均小于1,表明陈皮和普洱茶总黄酮具有协同抗氧化作用。