埋地管道在冻土带的热力变形分析

埋地油气管道通过永冻土地带时,由于管内介质与周围的冻土发生了热力作用,使冰土解冻,在管道周围形成融化圈。文章分析了永冻土的特点,建立了永冻土地带土壤传热数学模型:融化圈内外传热方程、管道向土壤和土壤表面向大气所放热量的守恒关系、融化圈界面处土壤温度、相变界面处固相变为液相的传热条件。还建立了埋地管道模型,并以穿过永冻土地带土壤的输油管道为例,分析并计算了各种应力的最大值所在的位置和大小,提出了在永冻土地带减小管道热力变形的措施。     

砂砾岩储集层含油性解释方法

LJ地区砂砾岩地层具有岩石结构复杂，储集层非均质性强，稠油和稀油并存的特点，利用测井资料解释含油性难度很大，以地层测试资料为依据，综合利用多种测井信息，提取反映含油性变化的测井特征参数；应用测井参数交会法和测井相分析法建立有效，快速识别稠油，油层和水层的标准，测井相分析法消除了用测井单参数和两参数交会解释含油性存在的多解性，提高子解释结果的成功率，用编制的解释软件处理了LJ地区58口井的资料，解释结果与试油资料对比吻合程度较高，为砂岩储层含油性解释提供了一种有效，快速的方法，为该区先导性试验提供了可靠的依据。     

大港白水头地区低阻油气层测井评价

在对白水头地区低阻油层的地质特征、物性特征及成因环境进行了分析研究后 ,应用测井曲线特征集法 ,把白水头油田常规油气层、低阻油气层、油水同层、水层等看成是独立的地质事件 ,建立了它们与测井曲线特征之间的对应关系 ,利用这种关系对未知地质事件进行了预测划分。最后根据所建模型定量计算储层各种参数 ,收到了良好的地质效果 ,表明测井曲线特征集法对于识别多成因的低阻油层是一种有效方法     

Modeling and assimilation of root zone soil moisture using remote sensing observations in Walnut Gulch Watershed during SMEX04

Soil moisture status in the root zone is an important component of the water cycle at all spatial scales (e.g., point, field, catchment, watershed, and region). In this study, the spatio-temporal evolution of root zone soil moisture of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in Arizona was investigated during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Root zone soil moisture was estimated via assimilation of aircraft-based remotely sensed surface soil moisture into a distributed Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant (SWAP) model. An ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) based on a Kalman filtering scheme was used for assimilating the aircraft-based soil moisture observations at a spatial resolution of 800 m × 800 m. The SWAP model inputs were derived from the SSURGO soil database, LAI (Leaf Area Index) data from SMEX04 database, and data from meteorological stations/rain gauges at the WGEW. Model predictions are presented in terms of temporal evolution of soil moisture probability density function at various depths across the WGEW. The assimilation of the remotely sensed surface soil moisture observations had limited influence on the profile soil moisture. More specifically, root zone soil moisture depended mostly on the soil type. Modeled soil moisture profile estimates were compared to field measurements made periodically during the experiment at the ground based soil moisture stations in the watershed. Comparisons showed that the ground-based soil moisture observations at various depths were within ± 1 standard deviation of the modeled profile soil moisture. Density plots of root zone soil moisture at various depths in the WGEW exhibited multi-modal variations due to the uneven distribution of precipitation and the heterogeneity of soil types and soil layers across the watershed.     

快速色谱分析技术在油气勘探中的应用

文章通过对五口井的现场应用介绍，阐述了快速色谱分析技术在油气层识别和解释方面的准确性，探讨了该技术在薄油气层的发现和评价、快速钻进条件下油气层的发现、对油气层全烃组份变化的统一、水平井的地质导向以及排除钻井液添加荆对油气显示的影响五个方面的优势，从而论证了快速色谱分析技术在油气勘探中的应用价值。     

汽车钢淬透性数学模型建立

在测定 2 0CrMnTi、4 0MnBH、2 0MnVBH钢淬透性及试样的化学成分基础之上 ,利用计算机采用逐步回归分析方法进行了回归运算 ,得到淬透性与化学成分的关系———回归方程 ,根据回归方程求出了不同窄淬透带规格所对应控制的化学成分范围     

珠江口盆地开平凹陷油气聚集条件分析

珠江口盆地自新生代以来,曾先后受到不同方向张应力的作用,造成了不同时期构造体系的交叉叠合.中中新世以来构造运动强烈,并具有东强西弱的特点,对油气的运移与聚集产生了重要影响.开平凹陷的剧烈断裂和断陷活动始于始新世,并在同期沉积了巨厚的文昌组.晚渐新世以后,由于断裂活动非常微弱,在成熟的烃源岩与其上地层之间缺乏有效的油源断层,因而自生自储、近距离运移可能是开平凹陷油气聚集的基本特征.在凹陷内部,因重力滑动和欠压实泥岩共同作用所形成的KPll-1构造带可能是该区最具有油气远景的地区.     

用Promax处理LD22-l“模糊带”地震资料

通过LD22-l构造地震资料目标处理,搞清了“模糊带”,引进交互处理系统是成功的.     

Sirius叠前深度偏移在莺歌海盆地“泥拱模糊带”处理中的应用

在对Sirius叠前深度偏移软件应用开发的基础上,分析讨论了Sirius 2D叠前深度偏移速度模型建立、层析成像及演、叠前深度偏移以及深度聚焦等技术环节的基本原理,并以莺歌海盆地某测线的处理为例,具体分析了Sirius 2D叠前深度偏移处理的流程、主要参数及时效.文中还分析讨论了莺歌海盆地中央“泥拱带”叠前深度偏移处理的地质效果.实践表明,莺歌海盆地广泛发育的与“泥拱模糊带”有关的构造各有其特殊性,只有通过3D叠前深度偏移处理才能从根本上解决“泥拱模糊带”的成像问题.     

Daily impact of climate on the pattern of urban family life : Indigenous courtyard houses of Baghdad regions of the hot-dry climates Part I: Daily shifts or daily movements in summer

During the day, there are considerable variations in the climatic factors prevailing in these regions. This is especially so during the 24-hour daily cycle of the long, hot and dry summer (mid-May to midOctober). Such climatic conditions have had a considerable impact on the daily living pattern of family life in the same season, particularly in the urban areas. During the same 24-hour cycle, they have compelled the inhabitants to shift their living activities both vertically in section and horizontally in plan; they do this in pursuit of more acceptable, if not, desirable internal thermal environmental ambience.