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1.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(17):24157-24191
Great progress in the development of low-cost ceramic membranes from alternative materials have been achieved recently towards various application especially water and wastewater treatment. However, their significance has not been fully recognized and understood especially in term of their microstructural analysis such as formation of grain growth and microcracks. This review paper summarizes fabrication method, alternative materials, microstructure, wettability, mechanical properties and application of low-cost ceramic membrane. The fabrication method including slip casting, tape casting, extrusion, pressing method and phase inversion technique are described. Alternative materials used in low-cost ceramic membrane fabrication are discussed and categorized into clays, agricultural waste, industrial waste and animal bone waste. The mechanisms of morphology formation, microstructure and wettability properties are analysed. Modification strategies for the surface of low-cost ceramic membrane are discussed, and classified into modification for separation application, modification for photocatalytic application and modification for membrane distillation and membrane contactor system. Modification improves the membrane structure by changing the pore size, porosity and wettability properties of low-cost ceramic membranes. Mechanical properties of low-cost ceramic membranes are also discussed in detail towards several mechanism, like grain growth phenomenon and formation of microcracks which also considered as membrane defects. Grain growth phenomenon can be divided into normal and abnormal grain growth. Meanwhile, formation of microcracks could be occurred in single-phase polycrystalline ceramics that have anisotropic grains or biphasic polycrystalline grains. The application of low-cost ceramic membrane in seawater desalination, oily wastewater treatment, heavy metal adsorption, textile separation and photocatalytic application are reviewed. Finally, some possible opportunities and challenges for further development of low-cost ceramic membrane are pointed out.  相似文献   
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Non-noble metal catalyst with high catalytic activity and stability towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for durable bioelectricity generation in air-cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Herein, nitrogen-doped (iron-cobalt alloy)/cobalt/cobalt phosphide/partly-graphitized carbon ((FeCo)/Co/Co2P/NPGC) catalysts are prepared by using cornstalks via a facile method. Carbonization temperature exerts a great effect on catalyst structure and ORR activity. FeCo alloys are in-situ formed in the catalysts above 900 °C, which are considered as the highly-active component in catalyzing ORR. AC-MFC with FeCo/Co/Co2P/NPGC (950 °C) cathode shows the highest power density of 997.74 ± 5 mW m?2, which only declines 8.65% after 90 d operation. The highest Coulombic efficiency (23.3%) and the lowest charge transfer resistance (22.89 Ω) are obtained by FeCo/Co/Co2P/NPGC (950 °C) cathode, indicating that it has a high bio-electrons recycling rate. Highly porous structure (539.50 m2 g?1) can provide the interconnected channels to facilitate the transport of O2. FeCo alloys promote charge transfer and catalytic decomposition of H2O2 to ?OH and ?O2?, which inhibits cathodic biofilm growth to improve ORR durability. Synergies between metallic components (FeCo/Co/Co2P) and N-doped carbon energetically improve the ORR catalytic activity of (FeCo)/Co/Co2P/NPGC catalysts, which have the potential to be widely used as catalysts in MFCs.  相似文献   
4.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(2):1494-1511
The application of insulation materials in buildings and energy storage facilities is gaining global attention to reduce energy consumption, heat loss, and CO2 emissions. Given the high insulation performance, glass foam is gaining popularity replacing combustible, high energy-consuming, and costly conventional insulation materials. The industrial process of glass foam manufacturing is an energy-consuming and non-ecofriendly process which requires the annealing of glass around its melting temperature. Therefore, researchers have developed powder sintering and gel casting methods to sinter glass foam mix at a temperature slightly above its glass transition point. However, research findings on these two methods are scattered because of the different parameters being used by researchers. The properties and performances of glass foam depend on the processing parameters, especially on the materials design and sintering conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive review on the key parameters for material selection and sintering of glass foams and provide necessary guidelines for the best practice and a direction for future research. Moreover, this review covers the current strategies and challenges associated with the powder sintering and gel casting methods including their sustainability and environmental performance.  相似文献   
5.
ABSTRACT

The main emphasis of this work is to explore the biodiesel obtained from waste cooking oil and its utilisation in CI engine blended with ethanol and conventional diesel. Waste cooking oil methyl esters (WCOME) was prepared by transesterification with a heterogeneous catalyst such as CaO. Diesel and WCOME blends of five different proportions with 5% of ethanol uniformly added to them were used as a fuel in a variable compression ratio, constant speed, compression ignition engine. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the engine at part and full load conditions were compared with that of neat diesel, varying the compression ratio from 18 to 22. From the experimental results, the blend comprising 20% waste cooking oil, 5% ethanol and 75% mineral diesel showed ameliorated performance and emission characteristics, compared with all the other fuel blends at an optimum compression ratio of 21.  相似文献   
6.
杨涛 《现代矿业》2020,36(7):44-46
随着社会经济的发展,如何合理、有序、经济、环保地处理弃土弃渣已成为强降雨地区土石方项目亟需解决的问题。而对于雨林地区土石方工程往往需要布设大面积的排土场进行弃土弃渣,弃土弃渣存在“量大、集中”等特点。为保证弃土有效容量,排土场往往设置在沟谷中,雨林地区排土场如何保证地基处理、渗流层施工、分层填筑碾压是坝体施工质量控制的关键所在。以厄瓜多尔米拉多铜矿采矿工业场地工程项目为例,该项目存在土石方开挖工程量大,项目面临雨季长、高雨频等突出气候特点。项目排土场设计为碾压堆石坝,坝体整体高度84.8 m,坝体填筑石方达27.8万m3。简要介绍了该工程1 095 m排土场坝体施工的特点和难点,叙述坝体施工过程中采取的主要关键技术,为类似的工程施工提供借鉴。  相似文献   
7.
Waste glass powder was used as a low cost precursor for production of colloidal nanosilica for the first time. The process includes production of wet silica gel and thermal peptization of the wet gel. Purification of the glass powder and wet gel production were initiated by acid washing. The obtained powder was reacted with sodium hydroxide to produce wet silica gel. Type of the applied acid was examined in one factor at a time route. Temperature of the alkaline step and concentrations of the applied acid and base were investigated using Taguchi design of experiments. After finding the best combination of the investigated factor levels in production of the wet gel, time of the stabilization in thermal peptization was studied. Characterizations of the wet gel and colloidal silica were performed by XRF, DLS, FESEM, TEM, FTIR and N2 sorption evaluation. Accordingly pure and stable colloidal nanosilica (98.50%) with average particle size of 21.9?nm was produced from the glass powder successfully. Specific surface area of the dried porous optimum sample was 83.63?m2/g.  相似文献   
8.
以2,2′-二苯甲酰氨基二苯基二硫化物(DBADPDS)作为再生剂在密炼机中对废乳胶(WLR)进行脱硫再生,研究环烷油、再生剂用量和脱硫温度对脱硫效果的影响,并探讨脱硫机理。结果表明:随着环烷油用量的增大,再生胶的交联密度减小,脱硫效果增强;添加再生剂DBADPDS可以增强脱硫效果,但再生剂DBADPDS用量过大时,其含有的硫在高温下能参与WLR分子链间的交联反应,导致再生胶的交联密度增大;脱硫温度高于140℃,橡胶很容易发生裂解,脱硫过程中温度控制在120℃左右比较适宜。  相似文献   
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Biodiesel utilization has been rapidly growing worldwide as the prime alternative to petrodiesel due to a global rise in diesel fuel demand along with hazardous emissions during its thermochemical conversion. Although, several debatable issues including feedstock availability and price, fuel and food competition, changes in land use and greenhouse gas emission have been raised by using edible as well as inedible feedstocks for the production of biodiesel. However, non-crop feedstocks could be a promising alternative. In this article, waste cooking oils have been recommended as a suitable option for biodiesel production bearing in mind the current national situation. The important factors such as the quantity of waste cooking oil produced, crude oil and vegetable oil import expenses, high-speed diesel imports, waste management issues and environmental hazards are considered. Moreover, process simulation and operating cost evaluation of an acid catalyzed biodiesel production unit are also conducted. The simulation results show that the production cost of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel is about 0.66USD·L-1. We believe that the present overview would open new pathways and ideas for the development of biofuels from waste to energy approach in Pakistan.  相似文献   
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