海洋生物副产品中胆固醇提取工艺的研究

为解决胆固醇提取原料的来源限制,开发新工艺,采用钙盐络合胆固醇,先皂化预处理,成钙盐、渗滤、浓缩、溶解结晶和重结晶,得到高含量胆固醇。以胆固醇的收得率为参考指标,优化了氢氧化钠的最佳添加量为20%、氯化钙的最佳添加量为25%、丙酮的最佳添加量为钙盐质量的10倍,胆固醇的收得率为15%,所得产品指标达到147℃胆固醇的质量要求。     

熔盐电沉积制Mg-Si中间合金的研究

在CaCl2-CaF2为基础熔盐体系、CaO-SiO2为添加料、石墨坩埚为阳极、上浮镁液为阴极的电解槽中采用电沉积法生产Mg-Si中间合金，探究了实验温度、阴极电流强度和电解时间对制备镁硅中间合金过程中反电动势以及电流效率的影响。结果发现：反电动势值随阴极电流强度的变大呈指数升高趋向；温度从860℃升高到960℃时，反电动势由1.97V降低至1.78V；加入2wt?O-SiO2可使反电动势平均降低0.26V；加料周期是48min；电流效率、硅浓度随电流的增大先升高再降低，最佳电解时长是120min；合金中硅的分布较均匀，无明显偏析。     

Research progress on chemical modification of silk fibroin and its applications北大核心CSCD

Mulberry silk is composed of the two major parts of two triangle-like silk fibroin fibers and sericin covering the fibers and a few lipids. After removing the sericin on the raw silk what is left is the silk fibroin fiber. Silk fibroin is the main part of silk accounting for about 75% of the total weight. Silk fibroin contains 18 natural amino acids such as glycine Gly alanine Ala serine Ser serine aspartic acid Asp and tyrosine Tyr . The secondary structure of silk fibroin has three main conformations α-helix β-fold and random coil. Under certain conditions the three conformations can transform into each other and change the mechanical properties of the silk fibroin material. Silk fibroin extracted from silk fiber is a natural polymer with biocompatibility and biodegradability. It can be further processed into different forms of materials nanoparticles films hydrogels sponges etc. It has been applied in many fields such as biomedicine and cosmetics. In order to meet the needs of different fields researchers have conducted further chemical modification treatment based on the original excellent properties of silk fibroin. Meanwhile the active groups on various amino acid residues in silk fibroin also provide chemical reaction sites for the chemical modification of silk fibroin. The chemical modification methods of silk fibroin mainly include amino acid residue modification macromolecular grafting modification and crosslinking reaction modification. Among them amino acid residue modification can modify protein amino acid residues by chemical reagents and some groups can be introduced into the side chains of silk fibroin macromolecules. Grafting modification of silk fibroin macromolecules is one of the main means to bind functional compounds to silk fibroin macromolecular chains. The properties of grafted silk fibroin are affected by the type and grafting rate of the grafts. The chemical crosslinking reaction modification of silk fibroin macromolecules is to make the macromolecular chains connected by covalent bonds and form a network structure by means of crosslinking agents enzymes or ultraviolet irradiation. The cross-linking reaction can not only form covalent bonds within and between the molecular chains of silk fibroin thus changing its structural properties and improving its stability but be used to form covalent bonds with other polymers. At present the chemical modification of silk fibroin is mainly applied in the fields of silk textiles biomedicine and environmental science. In the field of silk textiles graft copolymerization modification of vinyl and other monomers crosslinking agent modification and other methods are used to overcome the shortcomings of silk like being easy to wrinkle. The graft modified monomers mainly include ethylene methacrylate and methylacrylamide. The active groups on crosslinking agents such as polycarboxylic acid / anhydride and epoxide are covalently combined with carboxyl hydroxyl and amino groups on macromolecules of silk fibroin to improve the wrinkle resistance of silk fabrics. In the field of biomedicine silk fibroin materials with appropriate chemical modification have better biological activity drug delivery ability antimicrobial properties and mechanical properties. The optimization of these properties enables silk fibroin materials to show great potential in drug control delivery tissue regeneration and wound repair. The applied research in the field of environmental science mainly focuses on the adsorption separation and catalysis of impurities in water. Therefore the modification of amino acid residues grafting and cross-linking of protein macromolecules can change some important properties of silk fibroin and meet the requirements of various applications and functionalization of silk fibroin. In many fields of chemical modification and application of silk fibroin protein fruitful results have been achieved which has laid a good foundation for the further development of related fields and also shows that the chemical modification of silk fibroin material has great potential and application prospects. However there are still some problems that need to be overcome and further improved in the current chemical modification methods such as mild modification conditions and accurate adjustment of the degree of modification which will be the research direction of related fields in the future. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

基于层次分析价值工程法的数字营区改造方案优选

针对数字营区改造中因改造项目多、杂而造成的改造方案难以选择的现状,引入层次分析和价值工程结合的方法,确定改造方案的功能系数,达到以最低的改造成本,获得最好的改造效益的目的。     

1000MW机组中速磨煤机风环改造分析

针对电厂长期存在的石子煤排量大、风环堵塞、出力不够等问题,对磨煤机进行改造。通过对磨煤机风环进行优化设计,合理分配喉口数量、优化叶片流线外形、保证合理的通流面积。将喷嘴的下部向外倾斜一定角度,设计成"喇叭"状,实现拆分一次风为两部分的目的,形成一次风通过喷嘴向上吹扫和侧向吹扫的状态。改变风环的材质,采用耐磨性高的高铬白口铸铁,降低风环的磨损量。设置了可调节的挡板装置,用于补偿磨煤机的后期磨损。提高了磨煤机出力,增加了磨煤机碾磨能力,减轻中速磨煤机易磨损部件的磨损,延长其使用寿命。满足锅炉大比例掺烧褐煤的需要,降低了发电成本。     

泡沫凝胶防治煤炭自燃的特性与机理

针对现有煤矿防灭火技术存在的不足,提出并研发了泡沫凝胶防灭火技术。阐述了泡沫凝胶防灭火技术的特点,并通过固水特性实验、扩散模拟实验以及封堵漏风实验研究了泡沫凝胶的防灭火特性,研究结果证明泡沫凝胶兼有良好的固水、扩散、覆盖和封堵漏风通道的防灭火优点;建立了采空区浮煤自燃的动力学模型,结合模型分析了泡沫凝胶的大面积扩散覆盖、固水降温、封堵漏风、降低氧气浓度的采空区煤自燃防治机理,并将该技术在煤矿现场进行了实际应用,结果表明该技术能有效地防治采空区煤炭自燃。     

基于核级稳压器比例喷雾阀的气动执行机构研究

介绍了核级稳压器比例喷雾阀用一种气动执行机构的设计及其试验方法,叙述了气动执行机构的总体结构,给出了气动驱动系统设计和定位器控制系统设计。     

西昌钢钒A高炉炉况失常的治理

西昌钢钒A高炉发生风管烧穿事故紧急休风后,发生炉况失常。究其原因,主要是紧急休风后恢复操作不当,且炉况反复,导致顺行变差,风量萎缩,长期慢风又造成炉缸堆积。通过提高鼓风动能、发展两道气流、提高炉温、配加锰矿及萤石洗炉、持续改善焦炭质量等措施,使炉况逐步恢复正常。认为冶炼钒钛磁铁矿高炉炉况失常的治理,应加强风速及鼓风动能的监控,确保初始煤气流分布合理。