Cu掺杂对有序Sr3YCo4-xCuxO10.5+δ多晶的结构与物理性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备了四方Sr3YCo4-xCuxO10.5+δ(x=0~1.0)多晶。用热重-差示扫描量热分析,X射线衍射研究了多晶的有序化相变及结构。在固溶范围内(x=0~0.4),观察到有序峰(103)和(215),说明四方Sr3YCo4-xCuxO10.5+δ多晶为超结构,这是由于合成时在1000℃以上发生了吸氧(δ)有序化相变；当x=0.6~1.0时,978℃时在晶界处形成了单斜杂相,破坏了Sr3YCo4-xCuxO10.5+δ多晶的有序。当x=0~0.4时,多晶呈半导体输运行为。随着Cu掺杂量的增加,Co4+提供的空穴载流子浓度增大,电阻率明显下降；由于Cu的固溶,自旋熵增加,载流子浓度和自旋熵的共同作用使x=0~0.2多晶的热电势不变,x=0.4的热电势降低。并且Cu掺杂导致的晶格畸变使Co3+离子由高自旋态转变为高/低自旋混合态,磁化强度和铁磁转变温度(Tc)降低,磁结构由G-型反铁磁转变为铁磁。在进行二次烧结后,300K时电阻率明显降低,热电势为一次烧结的2倍,可能是二次烧结使多晶的有序化程度增大,提高了铁磁有序排列。     

Gluten-free cakes with walnut flour: a technological,sensory, and microstructural approach

Walnut flour (WF), a by-product of walnut oil production, is characterised by high polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and fibre contents and presents suitability for bakery products. However, when using non-traditional ingredients, it is essential to evaluate the effect on the quality properties of the final product. So, this work aimed to assess the impact of WF on the technological, physicochemical, and sensory properties of gluten-free (GF) cakes. WF was added at a flour blend (cassava (CS) and maize (MS) starches and rice flour) at 0, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results showed that WF modified starch gelatinisation, increased amylose–lipid complex (ALC) content, and made crumbs easier to chew. Besides, the total dietary fibre (TDF) and protein content significantly increased. Cakes with 15% WF presented the highest specific volume (SV) and no differences in overall acceptability with respect to control. Hence, WF is a suitable ingredient for gluten-free bakery products.     

行李箱外板浮动整形模设计

介绍了某轿车行李箱外板的翻边侧整形模设计过程,行李箱外板的侧法兰翻边上存在凹包,其翻边方向和凹包成形方向不同,常规需要2道工序分别完成翻边和凹包成形。该模具突破了传统的设计结构,在翻边机构中设置了凹包成形机构,将2个不同方向的成形复合到1道工序中,减少了模具数量,降低了冲压成本和工装成本。     

CFETR水冷陶瓷增殖剂包层模块产氚率实验验证

水冷陶瓷增殖剂（WCCB）包层作为中国聚变工程试验堆（CFETR）候选包层之一，承担着氚增殖、核热提取、屏蔽等重要涉核功能，其中子学设计的可靠性直接影响CFETR氚自持目标的实现。为验证中子学设计工具，即MCNP和FNEDL3.0数据库，在WCCB包层中子学设计中的可靠性，基于研制出的WCCB包层模块，在DT中子环境下开展中子学实验，对以产氚率（TPR）为代表的中子学参数进行了模拟值（C）和实验值（E）对比分析。结果表明，模块中轴线位置处TPR的C/E为0.97?1.08，而模块边缘位置处TPR的C/E为0.65?0.82；模块钛酸锂层边缘区197Au（n，γ）198Au反应率的C/E为0.72?0.90，表明模块边缘区存在非期望的散射中子，导致该区TPR模拟值和实验值偏离较大。     

草原石林：东北亚早白垩世花岗岩伸展穹隆和岩浆成矿爆发的地质遗迹及其形成过程

东北亚地区至少发育9个大型草原石林,属花岗岩石林的一种,是东北亚早白垩世巨量伸展和第四系冰川、风化作用的共同产物,主要特点是发育密集的近水平节理。本文通过整理岩浆岩专题填图和构造研究发现,这些石林的主体是早白垩世东北亚地区巨量伸展过程中形成众多的不对称花岗岩穹隆或同减薄岩体,岩体边部发育韧性剪切带,核部发布近水平岩浆流动面理,伸展和岩浆多期侵位导致与成矿密切相关的岩浆热液大量上涌,岩体抬升至地表,沿岩浆面理发育密集的近水平节理和部分垂直节理,后期沿这些构造面理发生的物理风化和化学作用(包括风蚀、冰川以及盐风化等)造就了千奇百怪的形态。草原石林是花岗岩地貌中的“另类”,不仅具有指示东北亚地区花岗岩形成时代(早白垩世)的特点,也是寻找晚中生代中国北方大规模成矿的良好标志体,而且风化形成的千姿百态的景色极具观赏价值,可以作为整个蒙古草原地区和大兴安岭南段地区特色的地学科普和生态旅游资源。     

Centrifugally spun carbon fibers prepared from aqueous poly(vinylpyrrolidone) solutions as binder-free anodes in lithium-ion batteries

Aqueous solutions of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) of various concentrations (20, 25, and 28 wt%) were successfully spun into fibers by centrifugal spinning. The pristine PVP fibers were annealed and carbonized to produce flexible carbon fibers for use as binder-free anodes in lithium-ion batteries. These flexible carbon fibers were prepared by developing a novel three-step heat treatment to reduce the residual stresses in the pristine PVP precursor fibers, and to prevent fiber degradation during carbonization. The thermogravimetric analysis data showed that the annealed fibers yielded a residual mass percentage of 36.0% while the pristine PVP fibers suffered a higher mass loss and only retained 26.5% of original mass above 450 °C (under nitrogen). The electrochemical performance of the carbon-fiber anodes was evaluated by conducting galvanostatic charge/discharge, rate performance, and cycle voltammetry experiments. The 20, 25, and 28 wt% derived binder-free anodes delivered specific charge capacities of 205, 189, and 275 mAh g⁻¹, respectively, after the first cycle at a current density of 100 mA g⁻¹. The results obtained in this work indicate that a feasible pathway towards a large-scale production of carbon-fiber anodes from a 100% aqueous solution can be achieved via centrifugal spinning and subsequent heat treatment.     

Acidification of the electrolyte during the galvanic corrosion of AA7075: A numerical and experimental study

The electrochemical interactions between aluminum alloy 7075 and low-carbon steels under gelled electrolytes were studied. Such electrolytes provided the opportunity to investigate both thick and thin electrolyte systems. The electrolyte was chemically modified to visually track the acidic fronts during the anodic reaction and the subsequent hydrolysis process. Two mathematical models were validated for both thick and ultrathin electrolytes. The acidification of thick electrolytes was extended some millimeters beyond the aluminum alloy surface, whereas the acidic front was localized next to the metallic joint using ultrathin electrolytes. The combination of both numerical and experimental results allows proving (and explaining why) that the acidification process is more aggressive under dilute than under concentrated electrolytes.