A comprehensive review of image analysis methods for microorganism counting: from classical image processing to deep learning approaches

Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play essential roles in many application fields, like biotechnique, medical technique and industrial domain. Microorganism counting techniques are crucial in microorganism analysis, helping biologists and related researchers quantitatively analyze the microorganisms and calculate their characteristics, such as biomass concentration and biological activity. However, traditional microorganism manual counting methods, such as plate counting method, hemocytometry and turbidimetry, are time-consuming, subjective and need complex operations, which are difficult to be applied in large-scale applications. In order to improve this situation, image analysis is applied for microorganism counting since the 1980s, which consists of digital image processing, image segmentation, image classification and suchlike. Image analysis-based microorganism counting methods are efficient comparing with traditional plate counting methods. In this article, we have studied the development of microorganism counting methods using digital image analysis. Firstly, the microorganisms are grouped as bacteria and other microorganisms. Then, the related articles are summarized based on image segmentation methods. Each part of the article is reviewed by methodologies. Moreover, commonly used image processing methods for microorganism counting are summarized and analyzed to find common technological points. More than 144 papers are outlined in this article. In conclusion, this paper provides new ideas for the future development trend of microorganism counting, and provides systematic suggestions for implementing integrated microorganism counting systems in the future. Researchers in other fields can refer to the techniques analyzed in this paper.

     

Effect of Diffusion Length in Modeling of Equiaxed Dendritic Solidification under Buoyancy Flow in a Configuration of Hebditch–Hunt Experiment

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Modeling of equiaxed solidification is vital for understanding the solidification process of metallic alloys. In this work, an extended literature...     

固废制备微晶泡沫玻璃的研究进展

为实现固体废弃物的高值化利用，从微晶泡沫玻璃的制备机理、工艺流程及温度制度等方面分析了工业固体废弃物制备微晶泡沫玻璃的可行性，重点论述了金属矿尾矿、赤泥、高炉矿渣、煤矸石、粉煤灰等固体废弃物制备微晶泡沫玻璃的国内外研究进展，并对微晶泡沫玻璃的研究和发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于逆向工程的新型矿车开发设计与关键技术研究

为提高新型矿车的开发水平，降低其研发的人力物力，研究设计了一种基于三维照相扫描仪的新型矿车开发方法。通过Focus 350三维扫描仪等硬件获得新型矿车驾驶室上部的点云数据，并采用Geomagic Studio软件对不同位置、不同摄像头的点云数据开展了连接、滤波、精简以及插补操作，由CATIA软件完成了新型矿车驾驶室上部的曲面重构，建立了曲面重建光顺性的评价方法，得知所重建新型矿车驾驶室上部曲面模型曲率变化的最大值为0.012 mm-1，最小值为-0.838 mm-1。最终，通过上述研究方法对整车进行开发与加工制造。该研究可为我国自主研发新型矿车提供理论参考与依据。关键词 三维照相扫描仪 Geomagic Studio 矿车 CATIA 逆向工程基于逆向工程的新型矿车开发设计与关键技术研究 王建军1 武秋俊1 马文斌2，3 李寒雄41 （1. 河北机电职业技术学院机械工程系，河北 邢台 054000；2. 青海交通职业技术学院汽车工程学院，青海 西宁 810003；3. 重庆交通大学机电与车辆工程学院，重庆 400074；4. 金属矿山设备制造与先进技术辽宁省重点实验室，辽宁 沈阳 110004） 摘 要 为提高新型矿车的开发水平，降低其研发的人力物力，研究设计了一种基于三维照相扫描仪的新型矿车开发方法。通过Focus 350三维扫描仪等硬件获得新型矿车驾驶室上部的点云数据，并采用Geomagic Studio软件对不同位置、不同摄像头的点云数据开展了连接、滤波、精简以及插补操作，由CATIA软件完成了新型矿车驾驶室上部的曲面重构，建立了曲面重建光顺性的评价方法，得知所重建新型矿车驾驶室上部曲面模型曲率变化的最大值为0.012 mm-1，最小值为-0.838 mm-1。最终，通过上述研究方法对整车进行开发与加工制造。该研究可为我国自主研发新型矿车提供理论参考与依据。     

基于分形理论的菱镁矿粉磨程度表征研究

为了研究菱镁矿粉磨程度的定量表征，以辽宁丹东地区菱镁矿为原料，进行了磨矿试验、粒度检测试验、磨矿细度试验，应用分形理论，建立了用于表征粉磨菱镁矿颗粒粒度分布的体分形维数数学关系。结果表明:体分形维数与磨矿细度呈非线性关系，当体分形维数均值达到极大值，即D₃=2.4662时，对应的磨矿细度为-0.074 mm含量81.6%，通过浮选试验发现此时浮选指标最好。该研究实现了菱镁矿粉磨程度的定量表征，建立了体分形维数与选矿浮选的联系。      

Decomposition of first-order hybrid Petri nets for hierarchical control of manufacturing systems

Although hybrid Petri net (HPN) is a popular formalism in modelling hybrid production systems, the HPN model of large scale systems gets substantially complicated for analysis and control due to large dimensionality of such systems. To overcome this problem, a typical approach is to decompose the net into subnets and then control the plant through hierarchical or decentralized structures. Although this concept has been widely discussed in the literature for discrete PNs, there is a lack of research for HPNs. In this paper, a new method of decomposition of first-order hybrid Petri nets (FOHPNs) is proposed first and then the hierarchical control of the subnets through a coordinator is introduced. The advantage of using the proposed approach is validated by an existing example. A sugar milling case study is analysed by using a decomposed FOHPN model and the optimization results are compared against the results of the approaches presented in other papers. Simulation results show not only an improvement in production rate, but also show the ability to control the plant online. In addition, by using the hierarchical control structure for an FOHPN model, it is possible to reduce the cost of communication links, improve the reliability of the system, maintain the plant locally, and partially redesign the system.     

多孔金属流场双极板研究进展

多孔金属是一种兼具结构与功能的材料,得益于其低密度、高孔隙率、可控渗透性的优点,在许多领域都有广泛应用。本文综述了多孔金属在质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)双极板流场中的研究进展,相较于传统流道流场,高开孔率(>70%)的多孔金属具有相互连通的三维立体结构,可以增加气体分布均匀性、并加强气体传质、增强电子和热的传导及水的排出,从而对电池性能有较大提升。同时探讨多孔金属参数、流场结构设计、服役参数目和多孔材料本身对多孔金属流场在PEMFC应用中的影响。目前阻碍多孔金属在PEMFC应用的最大问题是腐蚀,且多孔金属内部结构复杂对涂层制备工艺提出更大挑战,因此如何有效解决多孔金属在PEMFC两极环境中的腐蚀问题,对推进多孔金属在燃料电池领域中的应用意义重大。     

Role of Co in formation of Ni-Ti clusters in maraging stainless steel

The effect of Co addition on the formation of Ni-Ti clusters in maraging stainless steel was studied by three dimensional atom probe (3DAP) and first-principles calculation. The cluster analysis based on the maximum separation approach showed an increase in size but a decrease in density of Ni-Ti clusters with increasing the Co content. The first-principles calculation indicated weaker Co-Ni (Co-Ti) interactions than Co-Ti (Fe-Ti) interactions, which should be the essential reason for the change of distribution characteristics of Ni-Ti clusters in bcc Fe caused by Co addition.     

炼油生产调度研究现状与挑战

调度作为计划层和执行层的纽带,是智能型工厂的主要组成部分.对此,从炼油生产装置调度的角度,对炼油调度问题进行综述与分析.首先对炼油生产调度建模问题的研究现状进行阐述,介绍目前该领域建模方面考虑的因素;其次,对炼油生产调度的各种优化方法进行总结综述;最后,结合目前的信息技术和智能制造的发展趋势,分析炼油生产调度所面临的挑战和未来的研究方向.