Crystallization and spectroscopic properties in Er3+ doped oxyfluorogermanate glass ceramics containing Na

The Er³⁺ doped oxyfluorogermanate glasses, with a composition containing Na element, were synthesized by the conventional melting–quenching technique. When Na element was introduced into the composition of oxyfluorogermanate glass, the crystals behavior was investigated in details. Depending on the annealing procedure supplied, thermal annealing of precursor glasses in the system GeO₂/BaF₂/AlF₃/Na₂O/NaF/ZnO/GdF₃/ErF₃ led to the precipitation of different crystal phase nanocrystals. It was confirmed the nanocrystals in GC600 is orthorhombic NaBaAlF₆ which led to enhance obviously in the UC luminescence of Er³⁺. However, the nanocrystals in G585 led to decrease in the UC luminescence, which indicated few Er ions enter into the lattice of this nanocrystal phase. The reason of the decrease in UC emission intensity of GC585 was analyzed.     

Thermal Expansion Behavior of La1—xSrxMn1—yCoyO3—δ Perovskites

The thermal expansion behavior of La1-xSrxMn1-yCoyO3-δ (x=0.2-0.4, y=0.1-0.3) perovskites in air has been investigated. The average linear thermal expansion coefficients increased with increasing Sr content up to 40 mole fraction or Co content up to 30 mole fraction. The expansion is generally attributed to an increase in the average cation radius as some of the cations in the perovskite are reduced in valence when oxygen ions are removed from the structure.     

YAG：Ce Phosphors for WLED via Nano-Pesudoboehmite Sol-Gel Route

The sub-micron sized YAG ： Ce phosphors were synthesized via a modified sol-gel method by peptizing nano-pesudoboehmite particulate. It is found that YAG phase from the dried gel powders appears at 1000 ℃ then the pure YAG phase exists at a relatively lower sintering temperature of 1400 ℃. The smaller sizes of phosphors in the ranges of 1 - 3 μm are obtained due to the contribution of seeding effects of nano-sized alumina particles to strengthen each step of the processes. Both the excitation and emission spectra of photoluminescence of the phosphor obtained at 1400 ℃ meet well with the spectroscopic requirements of the WLED phosphors.     

Papermaking characteristics of three Populus clones grown in the north-central United States

The papermaking properties of 22 pure and hybrid poplars are being evaluated in an on-going investigation. Twenty of the poplars were harvested after 7.5 years from three different sites in the Midwestern and North Central US. The other 2 poplars survived at only two of three sites (64 total samples). The Crandon hybrid had the highest growth rate (t ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) and wood density (both averaged across the 3 sites). This poplar had a high cellulose content (compared to the average), a low lignin content and produced bleached kraft fibers at a high yield (wt.% on wood chips). Further, this poplar responded very well to kraft pulping and oxygen delignification and bleached to the highest final brightness ever observed in our laboratory (94.5% Elrepho). It also produced an 18 kappa number unbleached pulp with <0.5% rejects in only two-thirds the time required for sugar maple (Acer saccharum).We also report on clone 220-5 that had the highest area-weighted average microfibril angle. Pulps from this poplar had excellent tensile properties and further improvements are expected with 1–2 years of additional growth that should result in a small, but significant increase in average fiber length. Some results are also presented for clone 313.55 and aspen (Populus tremuloides) to demonstrate the many substantial benefits that can be accrued from proper wood selection.     

Low-temperature processing of Fe–Al intermetallic coatings assisted by ball milling

A novel technique has been developed to produce Fe–Al intermetallic coatings on steel. This technique applies mechanical vibration to a retort, which is loaded with Al powder, alumina filler, ammonium chloride activator and FeCrAl alloy balls. The operation temperature was from 440 to 600 °C. This technique produced coatings with thickness of 17 μm for 15 min and 90 μm for 120 min treatment at 560 °C. The coatings appear to be homogeneous, with a high density and free of porosity, and have excellent adherence to the substrate. The coatings consisted mainly of η-Fe₂Al₅ with small amounts of θ-FeAl₃ and β-FeAl, and exhibited a nano-structure. Microstructure studies suggested that the formation of the intermetallic phases at a low temperature has a complex mechanism, including the formation of a thin Al layer on the substrate by ball milling; Al-rich phases nucleation, growth and formation of an initial alloy layer; severe plastic deformation which increases the local temperature and produces a nano-structure; and fast outward diffusion of Fe and formation of Fe–Al intermetallics. This technique reduced the treatment temperature and duration significantly compared with the conventional Al pack cementation processes, providing a new approach to industrial diffusion coatings with great energy and time savings.     

PbS-Sb2S3-FeS三元系在水蒸气气氛下的铅锑分离

在1073K下通过测定三硫化锑和硫化铅的挥发速度,研究了PbS-Sb_2S_3-FeS三元系在水蒸气气氛下的铅锑分离规律。X-射线衍射结果表明,焙砂由PbS、Fe_3O_4、FePb_4Sb_6S_(14)、Pb_5Sb_4S_(11)和FeSb_2O_4组成。当试样中FeS含量在5％～7％时,铅锑分离效果最好。当试样中FeS的含量≥10％时,铅锑分离效果较差,这时过量的FeS会与Sb_2S_3和PbS形成复杂的硫化物(FePb_4Sb_6S_(14)、Pb_5Sb_4S_(11))或被氧化成F4Sb_2O_4,使锑的挥发变得困难,导致残留在焙砂中的锑含量升高。     

溶胶一凝胶法制备ZnO：Al导电薄膜的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在普通载玻片上制备出C轴择优取向的ZnO：Al透明导电薄膜。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）等分析手段对薄膜进行了表征。通过标准四探针法及紫外分光光度计（UVS）透射光谱研究了ZnO：Al薄膜的电学与光学性能。实验发现：当Al^3＋离子掺杂浓度为2％（原子分数），前处理温度为220℃、退火温度为580℃时，薄膜具有较好的导电性，电阻率为1．76×10^-3Ω-cm，其在可见光的平均透射率在80％左右。     

AlCl3-BMIC离子液体的电导率

研究AlCl3-BMIC(氯化-1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑)离子液体电导率与温度、组分之间的关系。结果表明:当离子液体中AlCl3的摩尔分数x(AlCl3)<0.667时,离子液体的电导率随着x(AlCl3)的增加而增大;但在0.6670.5的路易斯酸性区域,x(AlCl3)对温度系数α、β的影响均不明显。     

Study on bioleaching of primary chalcopyrite ore with thermoacidophilic archae

A high temperature-tolerating thermoacidophilic archae （TA） was isolated from water samples collected from a hot sulfur-containing spring in the Yunnan Province, China, and was used in bioleaching experiments of a low-grade chalcopyrite ore. The TA grow at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80℃, with 65℃ being the optimum temperature, and at pH values of l.5 to 4.0, with an optimum pH value of 2.0. The bioleaching experiments of the chalcvpyrite ore were conducted in both laboratory batch bioreactors and leaching columns. The results obtained from the bioreactor experiments showed that the TA bioleaching rate of copper reached 97% for a 12-day leaching period, while the bioleaching rate was 32.43% for thiobacillus ferrooxidans （Tf） leaching for the same leaching time. In the case of column leaching, tests of a two-phase leaching （196 days）, that is, a two-month （56 days） Tf leaching in the first phase, followed by a 140-day TA leaching in the second phase were performed. The average leaching rate of copper achieved for the 140-day TA leaching was 195mg/（L.d）, while for the control experiments, it was as low as 78mg/（L .d） for the Tf leaching, indicating that the TA possesses a more powerful oxidizing ability to the chalcopyrite than Tf Therefore, it is suggested that the two-phase leaching process be applied to .for the heap leaching operations, whereas, the TA can be used in the second phase when the temperature inside the heap has increased, and the primary copper sulfide minerals have already been partially oxidized with Tf beforehand in the first phase.