CO2对油田地下水环境中Q235钢和X70钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了探明辽河油田地下水环境中CO₂对Q235钢和X70管线钢的腐蚀规律,采用动电位极化技术及交流阻抗技术研究了不同CO₂浓度对该环境下两种钢腐蚀行为的影响,并利用光学显微镜对试样腐蚀界面进行表征。结果表明:随着CO₂浓度的增加,Q235和X70钢的交流阻抗图谱的半径均减小,腐蚀电流密度增大,腐蚀坑数量、深度和面积都增加,腐蚀敏感性增大。在低浓度CO₂环境下(CO₂含量为10%时),Q235钢的腐蚀敏感性比X70钢更高;而在高浓度CO₂环境下(CO₂含量为20%、40%、60%时),Q235钢的腐蚀速率反而较小,耐腐蚀性更好。     

多相流管输体系中水合物沉积机理研究进展

国内外对多相流管输体系中水合物沉积的研究虽然很多，但水合物沉积机理仍有待进一步研究。本文根据水合物沉积实验开展条件的不同，将多相流管输体系分为气体主导体系、油基体系、部分分散体系、水主导体系，总结了各体系的水合物沉积的主要机理，并提出了未来的发展方向。管输体系中水合物沉积机理包括水润湿沉积表面、水合物颗粒聚并、水合物的管壁膜生长、水合物颗粒的管壁粘附和水合物的颗粒着床沉积等。大多数学者认为：水合物的管壁膜生长是气体主导体系水合物沉积的主要机理；油基体系水合物沉积的主要机理是水合物颗粒的着床沉积；而部分分散体系和水主导体系的水合物沉积机理尚无统一定论，需进一步研究。多相流管输体系中水合物沉积研究未来的发展方向如下。①搭建全透明的流动环路，观测水合物在管路内实际的形成过程及沉积过程，对水合物沉积机理进行深入研究。②量化研究油水分层、油包水(或水包油)乳状液、自由水层对水合物沉积、堵塞的影响。③对于气体主导体系，除环状流和分层流外，有必要对段塞流、气泡流等其他常见的流型下沉积机理进行研究，重点在于开发一个综合模型来描述水合物沉积过程。④对于水主导体系，水合物形成过程出现的油水破乳的具体机理应是未来水合物沉积过程进行定量研究的方向。⑤国内外对垂直管、弯管及管阀件处水合物沉积堵塞理论研究较少，未来应着重这方面。     

Li ion conduction of perovskite Li0.375Sr0.4375Ti0.25Ta0.75O3 and related compounds

In this work, perovskite-structured Li_0.375Sr_0.4375M_0.25N_0.75O₃ (M=Ti, Sn, N=Nb, Ta) solid electrolytes were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction method. Phase compositions, fractured morphologies and conductivities of these compounds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and AC-impedance spectroscopy, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that all of Li_0.375Sr_0.4375M_0.25N_0.75O₃ (M=Ti, Sn, N=Nb, Ta) ceramics present perovskite structure. Pure Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Ti_0.25Ta_0.75O₃ and Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Sn_0.25Ta_0.75O₃ perovskite ceramics were obtained. But impurities were detected in Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Ti_0.25Nb_0.75O₃ and Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Sn_0.25Nb_0.75O₃. Among all investigated compounds, Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Ti_0.25Ta_0.75O₃ shows the highest total ionic conductivity of 2.60 × 10^?4 S cm^?1 at room temperature and the lowest activation energy of 0.347 eV. Conductivities of Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Sn_0.25Ta_0.75O₃ and Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Sn_0.25Nb_0.75O₃ were 4.4 × 10^?5 S cm^?1 and 1.82 × 10^?6 S cm^?1, respectively. Their conductivities were much lower than Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Ti_0.25Ta_0.75O₃ and Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Ti_0.25Nb_0.75O₃.     

Zinc-Deficiency Induced g-C3N4 Nanosheets: Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Study and Carrier Dynamics

Catalysis Letters - g-C3N4 has great application prospect in the field of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation owing to the advantages of abundant raw materials, low toxicity, low consumption, high...     

Carbon vacancies improved photocatalytic hydrogen generation of g-C3N4 photocatalyst via magnesium vapor etching

Vacancies engineering was widely reported as the promising strategy for the improvement of the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor photocatalysts. In current work, carbon vacancies are constructed successfully in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) photocatalyst via magnesium vapor etching. Experimental results show that the formed carbon vacancies in g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst can significantly improve the photocatalytic H₂ generation performance. XRD, FTIR, SEM/TEM, XPS and PL characterization data are employed to evidence the construction of carbon vacancies, which are revealed to be the reason for the enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution. This work develops an alternative route to construct carbon vacancies in g-C₃N₄ materials and gives an insight into the influence of vacancies on the photocatalytic performance of photocatalysts.     

Performance enhancement of energy extraction capability for fuel cell implementations with improved Cuckoo search algorithm

This paper addresses an improved optimization method to enhance the energy extraction capability of fuel cell implementations. In this study, the proposed method called Dynamic Cuckoo Search Algorithm (DCSA) is tested in a stand-alone fuel cell in order to control the system power under dynamic temperature response. In the operational process, a fuel cell is connected to a load through a dc-dc boost converter, and DCSA is utilized to adjust the switching duration in dc-dc converter by using voltage, current and temperature parameters. In this way, it controls the output voltage to maximize power delivery capability at the demand-side and eliminates the drawback of conventional cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) which cannot change duty cycle under operating temperature variations. In this regard, DCSA shows a significant improvement in terms of system response and achieves a more efficient power extraction than the conventional CSA method. In order to demonstrate the system performance, the stand-alone fuel cell system is constructed in Simulink environment via a processor-in the-loop (PIL) based digital implementation and analyzed by using different optimization methods. In the analysis section, the results of the proposed method are compared with conventional methods (perturb&observe mppt, incremental conductance mppt, and particle swarm optimization). In this context, convergence speed and efficiency analysis for both methods verify that the DCSA gives original results compared to conventional methods.     

聚4-乙烯吡啶基碱性膜的制备及性能分析

采用自由基聚合制备聚4-乙烯吡啶(P4VP)。引入溴乙醇(BE)对制备的P4VP进行季铵化处理,合成一系列不同季铵化取代度的季铵化聚4-乙烯吡啶(QPVPE),最后,引入戊二醛(GA)与QPVPE进行交联,制备得到适合燃料电池使用的交联型聚4-乙烯吡啶基碱性膜。实验过程中,借助傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外光谱(UV)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA,DTG)及力学性能测试等分析手段,对得到的导电膜结构及其理化性能进行分析,并对其导电性能进行性能测试。结果表明,QPVPE77.6%-GA16.87%膜综合性能最佳,该膜的电导率为10.48 mS/cm、含水率(WU)86.4%、溶胀率(SR)66.8%、拉伸强度为23.97 MPa。在25℃条件下,于1 mol/L的KOH溶液中浸泡192 h后,电导率损失为19%。因此,该膜具有较好的耐碱性能。     

钢中非金属夹杂物标准评级图法解析及修订建议

从标准图谱、术语、夹杂物类型和系列的划分、级别评定和检验方法深入剖析了GB/T 10561-2005《钢中非金属夹杂物标准评级图显微检验法》存在的问题，提出对标准评级图片修订和评定方法完善的具体建议，以规范评定方法，消除歧义，推进标准修订工作。     

横向间断肋条湍流减阻大涡模拟分析

目的 通过改变肋条结构，提高传统肋条的减阻效果。方法 基于Walsh肋条减阻实验，利用LES理论的WALE模型以及PISO算法，对传统连续肋条及新型间断肋条进行了仿真模拟计算，其中梯度求解基于Green-Gauss节点格式，压力求解采用二阶格式，动量方程求解采用中心差分格式，时间离散采用二阶隐式格式。通过对比分析两种不同肋条结构流场湍流流动的细节及肋条的减阻率，探究新型肋条结构的减阻作用和机理。结果 LES方法准确地再现了Wlash实验的流场细节及计算结果，相同计算条件下，传统连续肋条表面摩擦减阻率和黏性减阻率均为4.641%，而新型间断肋条表面摩擦减阻与黏性减阻率高达9.317%和6.306%。结论 新型间断肋条相较于传统连续肋条的表面摩擦减阻率和黏性减阻率皆得到了较大的提升。新型间断肋条具有较高的减阻率是由于横向肋条阻断作用使得大涡旋受到抑制而分裂成较小的涡旋，降低了近壁面流体的流速，减弱了湍流扰动对流体的影响，使低速流体更加稳定的发展。