Cyclic thermal shock resistance for MgAlON–MgO composites obtained with additions of spent MgO–C brick: Microstructure characteristics,thermal shock parameter and thermal shock mechanism

Thermal shock parameters (R, R''', R'''' and R_st) of MgAlON–MgO composites obtained with additions of spent MgO–C brick were calculated using measured mechanical properties and thermal expansion coefficient, determining their resistance to fracture initiation and crack propagation. The cyclic thermal shock experiments of MgAlON–MgO composites performed from 1398 K to ambient temperature indicate that as number of thermal shock cycle increases, retained strength ratio of MgAlON and MgAlON–4.2 wt%MgO sharply decrease and then keep constant, while that of MgAlON–10.5 wt%MgO and MgAlON–15.7 wt%MgO slowly decrease. The reason for the difference is that MgAlON and MgAlON–4.2 wt%MgO show low value of R''' and R'''', and high value of R and R_st. Moreover, precipitation of impurity containing Fe may play a positive role in improvement of thermal shock resistance of MgAlON–MgO composites. MgAlON?4.2 wt%MgO has the maximum retained strength (55 MPa) even after 5 thermal shock cycles, which is expected to be used in the metallurgical industry.     

Catalytic combustion of methane over a highly active and stable NiO/CeO2 catalyst

In the last decades, many reports dealing with technology for the catalytic combustion of methane (CH₄) have been published. Recently, attention has increasingly focused on the synthesis and catalytic activity of nickel oxides. In this paper, a NiO/CeO₂ catalyst with high catalytic performance in methane combustion was synthesized via a facile impregnation method, and its catalytic activity, stability, and water-resistance during CH₄ combustion were investigated. X-ray diffraction, low-temperature N₂ adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen temperature programmed reduction, methane temperature programmed surface reaction, Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and transmission electron microscope characterization of the catalyst were conducted to determine the origin of its high catalytic activity and stability in detail. The incorporation of NiO was found to enhance the concentration of oxygen vacancies, as well as the activity and amount of surface oxygen. As a result, the mobility of bulk oxygen in CeO₂ was increased. The presence of CeO₂ prevented the aggregation of NiO, enhanced reduction by NiO, and provided more oxygen species for the combustion of CH₄. The results of a kinetics study indicated that the reaction order was about 1.07 for CH₄ and about 0.10 for O₂ over the NiO/CeO₂ catalyst.     

焙烧铁尾矿制备透水砖试验研究

为了改善尾矿制砖的力学性质，解决尾矿堆积问题，采用焙烧铁尾矿、水泥和粉煤灰为胶凝材料，2.36~4.75 mm粒级铁尾矿为粗骨料，通过搅拌、成型和养护工艺制备透水砖，探究了焙烧铁尾矿用量、水胶比、目标孔隙率和振动时间对透水砖性能的影响，对比未焙烧尾矿制备透水砖的性能。结果表明：① 焙烧尾矿制备透水砖最佳试验条件为：焙烧尾矿掺量60%，振动时间40 s、水胶比0.3，目标孔隙率20%；此时，透水砖抗折强度为3.34 MPa，符合国家标准Rf3.0，抗压强度为15.44 MPa，符合国家标准MU15，透水系数为2.58×10-2 cm/s，符合国家标准A级标准，实测孔隙率为23.41%。② 焙烧尾矿掺量为60%时效果最佳；未焙烧尾矿掺量为50%时效果最佳，抗折、抗压强度分别为3.38 MPa和14.54 MPa，透水系数符合国家A级标准；焙烧尾矿比未焙烧尾矿多替代水泥10%的情况下，力学性能焙烧尾矿透水砖较好，而透水性能则未焙烧尾矿透水砖较好。     

吸收烟气中低浓度CO2的操作条件分析

Mg(OH)2浆液是一种具备低再生能耗潜力的CO2吸收剂，为了推进其在CO2捕集领域的应用而展开研究。在填料塔中，使用真实烟气研究了各种操作条件下Mg(OH)2浆液对CO2的捕集效率。研究发现,填料种类、气体名义停留时间、液气比均对CO2捕集效率有影响。结果表明，增加气体名义停留时间无法有效改善液相传质，而提高液气比能够有效改善液相传质；在试验条件下，拉西环、鲍尔环和IMTP的总体积传质系数分别为8.5×10-7～5.0×10-6、1.8×10-6～4.0×10-6和1.9×10-7～2.9×10-6 mol/(m3·s·Pa)。     

瑞木矿区配矿实践

通过对品位高低不同的矿石按比例进行互相搭配,尽量使之混合均匀调配成满足矿山生产矿石指标要求,降低损失率、提高回收率。     

大方坯皮下负偏析带形成过程的数值模拟

针对某钢厂大方坯连铸过程中铸坯内部质量问题,通过耦合电磁-流动-热-溶质传输,建立多尺度、多物理场的三维数学模型,研究了高碳钢大方坯皮下负偏析带的形成过程。结果表明,铸坯皮下负偏析带是铸坯凝固前沿钢液流速和凝固速率共同作用的结果。对于四孔水口大方坯,铸坯皮下会经历两次负偏析,第一次负偏析是由水口射流造成的,第二次负偏析是由结晶器电磁搅拌造成的。磁搅参数的改变只会影响电磁搅拌影响区的负偏析程度,而不会影响负偏析带在铸坯中的位置及宽度,也不能改善铸坯中心的正偏析度。     

直接还原转底炉转速控制系统设计

直接还原转底炉因其工艺独特,能够有效处理冶金污泥粉尘、红土镍矿、复杂难选矿等物料,日益受到治金行业的关注。直接还原转底炉工艺控制最核心部分之一就是还原物料的周期,即必须按照生产工艺的要求的时间完成一个旋转周期,转速控制精度要求高,误差小。文章介绍了直接还原转底炉液压系统原理、控制系统组成、程序设计。     

钛基Ce掺杂SnO_2-RuO_2电极的制备及其对焦化废水的电解处理

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了经稀土元素Ce掺杂改性的Ti/RuO_2-SnO_2-Ce电极,利用SEM、XRD、EDS等分析方法对电极表面的形貌、物相和涂层成分进行了表征,利用CV曲线、LSV曲线等检测手段对电极的电化学性能进行了测试。以Ti/RuO_2-SnO_2-Ce电极为阳极,钛板为阴极,构建电化学氧化反应装置,并采用其对焦化废水进行电解处理。结果表明,Ti/RuO_2-SnO_2电极经稀土Ce改性后极板表面活性位点数量明显增大,金属涂层的结晶化程度明显增强,电极的催化氧化活性显著提高。室温条件下,保持pH值为7.83,在电流密度为30mA/cm~2,电解时间为30min时,焦化废水经电解处理后COD去除率可达91.63%,TOC去除率可达66.22%,UV254值下降到0.921。     

薄壁钢板自冲铆接受剪性能及承载力计算方法研究

为将机械工程领域中效率与自冲化程度高的自冲铆接应用于冷弯薄壁型钢结构，对51组薄壁钢板自冲铆接进行了受剪性能试验。研究了钢板厚度、厚度比及铆钉长度对其受剪性能和破坏机理的影响规律，拟合出了钢板组合厚度与铆钉长度间的经验公式；分析了现有自冲铆接受剪强度计算方法和各国规范中自攻螺钉连接受剪承载力计算方法的适用性；基于试验和分析结果，提出了薄壁钢板自冲铆接受剪承载力计算方法。结果表明:钢板厚度和板厚比分别是影响受剪性能与破坏机理的关键因素，铆钉长度对受剪性能影响较大且存在较优长度，其可通过拟合出的经验公式快速确定；针对不同破坏模式提出的自冲铆接受剪承载力计算方法，与现有方法相比更适用于设计，且其精度更高、稳定性更好。     

Probability distribution characteristics and estimation method of prestress of concrete structures based on Gaussian mixture model

为解决预应力混凝土框架结构预应力筋数量众多、有效应力不确定性强且分布不均匀、抽样检测评估无法准确表征结构有效应力整体特征等结构评价难题，引入高斯混合模型研究结构有效应力概率分布特征，并据此提出了一种概率估计方法。该方法通过MonteCarlo模拟建立预应力筋集有效应力的高斯混合模型；通过中心化、去除离散点等方式修正模型以增强其高斯特性；基于模型高斯显著性检验准则确定正态分布近似估计范围，并以此为总体样本进行抽样检测，进而估计预应力筋集实时有效应力的概率分布；以某无黏结预应力混凝土框架结构为工程实例验证了该方法有效性。研究结果表明：既有结构预应力筋集有效应力概率分布由多个均值与方差相近的子分布组成，可采用近似正态的高斯混合模型统一表征；由设计差异导致的有效应力分布不均匀性可采用中心化的数学方法进行消除，进而提升模型近似估计的准确性；既有结构施工阶段以张拉工艺为主的建造误差上限可通过模型计算结合实测值统计分析综合推定。