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1.
孙搏  付淑军  陈桂良  李丽 《金属学报》2021,26(10):1095-1102
药物相互作用改变了剂量效应关系,可能会降低疗效或增加毒性,是临床应用中合并用药治疗时重要的考虑因素。预测具有临床意义的药物相互作用是药物研发过程中获益风险评估的重要环节。本文概述了药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究的目的和意义,体内和体外研究的主要内容;梳理分析了2020年国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Administration, NMPA)和美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)批准上市的新药药物相互作用研究情况,旨在为我国药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究及其监管审评提供参考。  相似文献   
2.
当前,由于各种原因导致地方政府在公共行政中陷入了"塔西佗陷阱". "塔西佗陷阱"的实质是社会公众对政府的政治信任问题. 要提高社会公众对地方政府的政治信任,破解"塔西佗陷阱",不但要确立明晰的产权关系,树立正确的政绩观,还要建立完善的制度体系,依法实行"阳光行政",同时正确引导公共话语、构建服务型政府、加强公职人员诚信建设.  相似文献   
3.
CIPHER EQUIPMENT     
Louis Kruh 《Cryptologia》2013,37(3):255-260
ABSTRACT

The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an excellent source of cryptologic material and is readily available to the public on-line. We describe many of it resources which should prove interesting for cryptology scholars.  相似文献   
4.
In the era of digitalization, there are many emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Digital Twin (DT), Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence (AI), which are quickly developped and used in product design and development. Among those technologies, DT is one promising technology which has been widely used in different industries, especially manufacturing, to monitor the performance, optimize the progresses, simulate the results and predict the potential errors. DT also plays various roles within the whole product lifecycle from design, manufacturing, delivery, use and end-of-life. With the growing demands of individualized products and implementation of Industry 4.0, DT can provide an effective solution for future product design, development and innovation. This paper aims to figure out the current states of DT research focusing on product design and development through summarizing typical industrial cases. Challenges and potential applications of DT in product design and development are also discussed to inspire future studies.  相似文献   
5.
The demand for safety in the US food supply from production to consumption necessitates a scientific, risk-based strategy for the management of microbiological, chemical, and physical hazards in food. The key to successful management is an increase in systematic collaboration and communication and in enforceable procedures with all domestic and international stakeholders. The enactment of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) aims to prevent or reduce large-scale food-borne illness outbreaks through stricter facility registration and records standards, mandatory prevention-based controls, increased facility inspections in the United States and internationally, mandatory recall authority, import controls, and increased consumer communication. The bill provisions are expected to cost $1.4 billion over the next four years. Effective implementation of the FSMA's 50 rules, reports, studies, and guidance documents in addition to an increased inspection burden requires further funding appropriations. Additional full-time inspectors and unprecedented foreign compliance is necessary for the full and effective implementation of the FSMA.  相似文献   
6.
In this paper, we propose a novel methodology to define and estimate a surrogate measure. By imposing a hypothetical disturbance to the leading vehicle, the following vehicle’s action is represented as a probabilistic causal model. After that, a tree is built to describe the eight possible conflict types under the model. The surrogate measure, named Aggregated Crash Index (ACI), is thus proposed to measure the crash risk. This index reflects the accommodability of freeway traffic state to a traffic disturbance. We further apply this measure to evaluate the crash risks in a freeway section of Pacific Motorway, Australia. The results show that the proposed indicator outperforms the three traditional crash surrogate measures (i.e., Time to Collision, Proportion of Stopping Distance, and Crash Potential Index) in representing rear-end crash risks. The applications of this measure are also discussed.  相似文献   
7.
"为官不为"可以分为能力缺失型、享乐散漫型、环绕推挡型、名利偏好型、被动应激型和闻风观望型. 管理体制、行政机制、传统文化等方面存在的某些不良因子促成了为官不为现象."为官不为"的实质是公务员的主体性缺位. 治理"为官不为"现象必须强化公务员的个体素质,优化行政机制,正确理解传统文化,实现综合治理.  相似文献   
8.
目前越来越多的高校开始尝试实行研究性教学。与传统的教学方法相比,研究性教学更能体现m学生在教学活动中的主体地位,更能充分地发挥学生学习的积极性和主动性。根据行政管理学的学科特点,结合研究性教学的具体环节,提出行政管理学研究性教学方法,包括专题讨论、辩论、讲座、角色转换、案例讨论等方法。  相似文献   
9.
《Planning》2014,(1)
以PubMed检索系统作为数据来源,采用共词聚类分析法对医院管理相关文献的主题词进行分析,旨在揭示国际医院管理研究领域的热点主题,为医院管理者制定管理策略提供依据、为国内学者和相关研究机构了解该领域的发展趋势提供参考。  相似文献   
10.
The NexGen (Sonic) burner is the new burner developed by the Federal Aviation Administration, FAA, to replace old oil burners used for the required fire certification tests on power plant‐related materials, as it provides the capability to control both air and fuel flow rates. During a fire test, the burner is supposed to simulate a certain fire condition, so the flame properties should be robust and repeatable. The NexGen burner can achieve this due to the precise fuel and air controls. However, the current calibration criterion (ISO2685:1998 and AC20‐135) may not be good enough to ensure consistent flame properties. In the presented work, the sensitivity of the burner performance to air and fuel flow rate, as measured by the temperature and heat flux for calibration purposes, was studied. Additionally, the influence of the turbulator and the thermocouple size used for flame calibration was also studied. The impact of varying fuel/air ratio and thermocouple sizes was studied by conducting fire tests on aluminum samples, to show the inadequacies in the current calibration standards.  相似文献   
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