浅谈延迟焦化装置露天栈桥的设计

根据延迟焦化装置露天栈桥的工程设计实践,围绕一炉两塔(一个加热炉两个焦炭塔)的焦化装置,分析了露天栈桥设计中的要点及难点,对其在平面布置、基础安排和吊车梁选型等设计方面做一些介绍和论述。     

焦炉装煤烟尘治理的烟气量计算

通过对焦炉装煤烟尘治理的烟气量计算和研究,提出不同治理系统的烟气量计算方法及应采取的措施。     

高喷煤比操作对焦炭劣化的影响

为考查提高喷煤量对焦炭在炉内劣化的影响,在宝钢高炉上进行了风口取样研究.结果表明,喷煤量达到200 kg/t以上时焦炭劣化严重.高炉生产实绩回归显示,焦炭的热性能对高炉透气性的影响比冷强度显著.分析认为焦炭热性能指标CRI、CSR对高炉高煤比操作更重要.借此还提出了提高喷煤量和改善焦炭质量需加强研究的课题.     

异构化催化剂Pd／HM结焦失活的再生

运用ＴＥＭ、ＴＰＤ、ＸＲＤ等技术考察了烧焦温度对异构化催化剂Ｐｄ／ＨＭ再生性能的影响。结果表明：在８２３Ｋ时，催化剂上金属钯粒子能重新分散，催化剂恢复活性，且稳定性不变，二次再生性也较好。     

相位测量定位法在焦炉车辆上的应用与研究

文中通过测量载波相位进行定位的方法来解决焦炉车辆的定位问题，以达到无线定位的目的。并对定位的数学模型进行了详细的分析与论述。     

工艺因素影响焦炭颗粒耐压强度的试验研究

焦炭颗粒的耐压强度一直是焦炭颗粒最重要的性质之一。利用最近提出的表征焦炭颗粒耐压强度的新方法，就模压压力、加压方式、粒度组成范围、粒度大小、粒度配比等因素对单粒度或多粒度组成焦炭颗粒耐压 强度的影响进行了较为详细的试验研究。结果表明：（1）焦炭颗粒的粒度大小和粒度范围均可用其原始平均细度来表征。焦炭颗粒的原始平均细度越大，其耐压强度系数也就越高；（2）多粒度组成焦炭颗粒混合料的耐压能力比单粒度组成混合料的耐压能力要高得多。对多粒度组成焦炭颗粒而言，模压压力及粒度组成配比对其耐压强度系数的影响不甚明显；（3）分阶段缓慢加压到位比一次快速加压到位有利于提高焦炭颗粒的耐压强度系数。     

Characterization and performance of Pd-La/spinel catalyst for preparation of 2,6-diisopropylaniline

The Pd-La/spinel catalyst for the preparation of 2,6-diisopropylaniline (2,6-DIPA) by gas-phase amination of 2,6-diisopropylphenol (2,6-DIPP) has been studied. The catalysts before and after reaction were characterized by BET, XRD, differential thermal analysis (DTA)-thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR, and NH₃-TPD techniques. The DTA study results show two kinds of coke deposited on the metal and support of Pd-La/spinel catalyst, and they are combusted at about 242 and 324 °C, respectively. The XRD and FTIR spectra of the Pd-La/spinel catalyst show that the coke contains the aromatic and aliphatic rings, alkyl groups, polynuclear aromatic system, hydroxyl groups, and amine groups. The reason for catalyst deactivation can be expressed as follows: coke formed on palladium metals may move from metal to the interface or boundaries of metal-support and acid sites of the support where further dehydrogenation and polymerization are occurring. The H₂ plays a key role in retarding coke formation, but must be in suitable amount to get relatively high selectivity. The rare earth promoter La not only promotes the activity and selectivity by retaining Pd species in the metallic state, but also decreases the formation of carbon by neutralizing the strong acid sites on the catalyst.     

催化剂烧炭再生模拟和分析

催化剂烧炭再生是非定态过程。本文建立了绝热反应器内催化剂烧炭模型,利用移动边界正交配置法求解。以结炭的BO2催化剂再生为工作反应,模拟预测与实验值吻合良好。模拟计算表明,用递升进口温度序列烧炭,使再生时间明显缩短。     

焦炭煅烧回转窑技术参数的讨论和锥形回转窑的设计构思

通过对焦煅烧回窑的一些设计和运行参数的讨论，论述了锥形回转窑的设计及其使用的可行性和优越性。     

Catalyst pore plugging effects on hydrocracking reactions in an Ebullated bed reactor operation

This paper analyzes the deactivation effects of NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst during the operation in an Ebullated bed reactor for Heavy residue hydrocracking. The spent catalysts were characterized by chemical analysis, ¹³C NMR, ESM, DRX, and by using thermal programmed oxidation and diffusion studies in a shallow bed micro-reactor. The deactivations were performed in a 5 l continuously stirred tank reactor, while the spent catalysts were tested in a 0.05 l micro-reactor. The study focused on determining the properties of the external layer of the catalyst and on evaluating the internal coke and metal deposition. The results indicated that initial deactivation is mainly due to coke depositions, while its impact on mass transfer reaction control depends on temperature. In long-term deactivation, the metal deposition plays a more important role in blocking the internal micro- and meso-structures and in building up the external layer of the pellets.