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Heat pipes and two-phase thermosyphon systems are passive heat transfer systems that employ a two-phase cycle of a working fluid within a completely sealed system. Consequently, heat exchangers based on heat pipes have low thermal resistance and high effective thermal conductivity, which can reach up to the order of (105 W/(m K)). In energy recovery systems where the two streams should be unmixed, such as air-conditioning systems of biological laboratories and operating rooms in hospitals, heat pipe heat exchangers (HPHEs) are recommended. In this study, an experimental and theoretical study was carried out on the thermal performance of an air-to-air HPHE filled with two refrigerants as working fluids, R22 and R407c. The heat pipe heat exchanger used was composed of two rows of copper heat pipes in a staggered manner, with 11 pipes per row. Tests were conducted at different airflow rates of 0.14, 0.18, and 0.22 m3/h, evaporator inlet-air temperatures of 40, 44, and 50°C, filling ratios of 45%, 70%, and 100%, and ratios of heat capacity rate of the evaporator to condenser sections (Ce/Cc) of 1 and 1.5. For HPHE's steady-state operation, a mathematical model for heat-transfer performance was set and solved using MATLAB. Results illustrated that the heat transfer rate was in direct proportion with the evaporator inlet-air temperature and flow rate. The highest HPHE's effectiveness was obtained at a 100% filling ratio and (Ce/Cc) of 1.5. The predicted and experimental values of condenser outlet-air temperature were in good agreement, with a maximum difference of 3%. HPHE's effectiveness was found to increase with the increase in evaporator inlet-air temperature and number of transfer units (NTU) and with the decrease in airflow rate, up to 33% and 20% for refrigerants R22 and R407c, respectively. Refrigerant R22 was the superior of the two refrigerants investigated. 相似文献
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针对新形势下装备维修保障的优化问题,提出一种装备维修仿真系统的体系结构。分析部队维修保障过
程中关键要素之间的关系,阐述装备维修仿真系统的用户需求;以维修时间优化为例建立静态维修的任务分配优化
模型,设计动态维修条件下维修保障的过程模型,并采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)和逼近理想解
排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)对不同维修分队的维修效能进行比较。
基于离散事件仿真库Simpy 实现了仿真系统的数据分析仿真功能,结合某型装备的维修保障数据进行了仿真验证,
仿真结果表明,该系统能为装备维修的流程设计、资源配置与优化等方面提供参考依据。 相似文献
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The heat transfer effectiveness of nanofluids is adversely affected by the delay in convection onset. The lesser effectiveness, when compared to that of base fluid, is observed in a range of nanofluid layer thickness. The heat transfer coefficient of water–Al2O3 nanofluid can be enhanced by sustaining the equilibrium between Rayleigh number, temperature, particle volume fraction, and enclosure aspect ratio. In this paper, the specific correlation of fluid layer thickness and the onset of convection, which can significantly dominate the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids are investigated using the concept of critical Rayleigh number. The water layer thickness for convection onset is first experimentally assessed for different real-life heat flux densities. It is then performed for Al2O3–water nanofluid for varying volume fractions. With the increase in volume fraction even though thermal conductivity increases, the overall heat transfer enhancement of the nanofluid is reduced. Temperature involved (heat flux density), the volume fraction of the nanofluid used, nanofluid layer thickness (space availability for the cooling system), and mass of the nanoparticle influence heat transfer enhancement. A higher volume fraction may not always result in enhancement of heat transfer as far as nanofluids are concerned. 相似文献
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为满足运载火箭测量系统对火箭各部段分离进行可视化拍摄的需求,提出一种运载火箭摄像装置视场有
效性仿真分析方法。以某型运载火箭发射任务为背景,针对不同的发射窗口,对火箭飞行全过程中摄像装置视场出
现太阳的时段进行统计,并对摄像装置的拍摄任务开展摄像装置视场有效性分析。结果表明:该方法可以为发射窗
口的制定提供依据,在不影响发射任务的前提下最大程度地保障摄像装置的视场有效性,具有较强的工程应用价值。 相似文献
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Elli Ntakou Ralph Masiello Farnaz Farzan Shay Bahramirad Aleksi Paaso M.A. Nayeem Maigha Maigha Daniel Kushner 《The Electricity Journal》2019,32(4):45-49
This paper presents part of the work ComEd and Quanta Technology have performed to quantify the locational and temporal value of DER to avoid distribution grid upgrade investments. It focuses on the formulation of a robust and efficient algorithm for DER optimal dispatch on a distribution feeder to mitigate the violation of current and voltage limits using the allocated cost of capacity and locational marginal value of real and reactive DER injection/withdrawal. 相似文献
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This paper offers an overall picture of the importance of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in Romania and its opportunities and constraints. The role, scope and effectiveness of SEA in Romania are presented in two good practice examples and examined in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the procedure at national and local scale. In practice, the number of SEA procedures is very high due to the legislation in force, and it is increasingly effective in decision-making about programmes and plans. SEA can be viewed as a great opportunity for the implementation of sustainable development in practice. It also continues to be an important procedural and decisional instrument for management and monitoring of socioeconomic development, spatial planning and environmental protection in Romania. 相似文献
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Katarzyna Tokarczyk-Dorociak Jan K. Kazak Haładyj Anna Szymon Szewrański Małgorzata Świąder 《影响评估与项目评价》2019,37(3-4):279-291
The paper presents the results of an evaluation of the effectiveness of SEA obtained as a result of a survey with the participation of stakeholders. In Poland, several hundred SEAs are conducted annually at the local and regional levels and several at the national level. Although the survey demonstrated that SEA is evaluated as effective or quite effective, the respondents pointed to several irregularities in the non-procedural dimension of effectiveness. The main ones in terms of substantive effectiveness are that SEA is rarely used to help develop plans/programmes and procedures are highly politicised. Moreover, low effectiveness in terms of variant assessment and cumulative impacts and nearly non-existent monitoring of the actual effects of implementing plans/programmes influence substantive effectiveness significantly. The respondents pointed to the problem resulting from the fact that plan-makers are unwilling to take into account the SEA recommended changes. They also emphasised that there are certain attempts to put pressure on SEA consultants to make the conclusions less stringent. Respondents indicate that in Poland the costs associated with conducting SEA often outweigh the profits. The research shows that the society is properly informed about SEA, but public involvement is still low. 相似文献