中国大气田科学开发的内涵

大气田是指天然气探明地质储量超过300×10~8 m~3、天然气峰值年产量在10×10~8 m~3以上且具有一定稳产期的气田。其是中国天然气储产量快速增长和未来长期稳定发展的重要基础,也是保障我国供气安全的关键。通过对国内外260余个大气田开发实践的系统分析和典型气田的解剖模拟,综合研究了大气田科学开发的内涵、核心技术以及全生命周期指标体系。大气田科学开发的内涵包括:①提出以"识别水、控制水、治理水"为技术体系的天然气开发理念,即常规气田"控水开发"、非常规气田人工压裂"注水开发",根据气藏类型和气藏特征,确定合理的采气速度;②综合评价气田开发经济效益和社会效益,保障气田长期稳产;③根据气井生产特征和储层发育特征,选取适用的气田稳产方式;④依据对常规与非常规气藏不同开发阶段的精细描述、气藏开发特征和生产动态的监测,确定气田可采储量、气田水与人工注水开发规律、气田提高采收率技术对策、气田效益稳产期与发展战略。大气田科学开发的核心技术包括:规模优化技术、科学布井技术、均衡开采技术和深度挖潜技术。进而综合优选出产量、压降、采出程度、单位压降产量等多个参数作为评价大气田科学开发的关键指标,建立了高压、低渗透—致密、裂缝—孔隙型和页岩气等4类气藏的全生命周期指标体系。结论认为,该研究成果有助于指导不同类型大气田的科学开发,进一步促进我国天然气产业的快速发展。     

Life history of Plodia interpunctella Hübner on sunflower seeds: Effects of seed qualitative traits and the initial seed damage

Sunflower seeds are regularly infested by Plodia interpunctella during storage. Although this pest prefers damaged seeds, in practice it can infest undamaged seeds as well. This research assessed the influence of the sunflower seed type (oil, protein for human consumption and bird-feed) and the initial seed damage during post-harvest processing (dehulled kernels, 10, 20, 30% of damaged seeds and undamaged seeds) on development of P. interpunctella (larval mortality, larval development, mean developmental duration, adult emergence and fecundity). Biochemical analysis of seeds, kernels and hulls detected the highest content of phenols in the seed and hull and tocopherols in the kernel of the oil type hybrid. The antioxidative activity was the highest in the seed, kernel and hull of the protein type for bird feed. The shortest development (39.5 days) and the highest fecundity (91.3) were on the oil type seeds, while the longest development (42.1 days) and the lowest fecundity (68.1) were on the seeds of the protein type for bird feed. The highest mortality of larvae was on the undamaged seeds of the protein type for bird feed and human consumption (21.3% and 14.0%, respectively). The type of sunflower and the level of initial damage affected larval mortality, developmental duration and fecundity. The mean developmental duration and the number of emerged adults were dependent only on the initial seed damage. Principal component analysis detected strong positive correlation between mortality and development with the tocopherol content on the undamaged seeds while fecundity was associated with the state of kernel and the amount of tannins, proteins and oil content in the seed. The undamaged seeds of the protein type for the bird feed were the least suitable for the development of this pest, while the oil type kernels were the most suitable.     

基于可靠度优化扭转梁系统开发成本

基于整车可靠度分解,在置信度、可靠度指标要求下,对系统进行可靠度框图分解,得出零部件级的可靠度要求。简要分析载荷谱的线性累加伪损伤,获取零部件一倍寿命伪损伤值,进而得出最优的样本量区间。根据扭转梁系统R97C50的案例要求,比较扭转梁的零件级试验开发成本、系统级试验开发成本、整车级试验开发成本之间的差异,由零部件试验成本固定为基础,得出系统试验的样本量应该控制为不大于2个样本量,达到优化系统试验成本的目的;使用整车级试验去验证系统级可靠度的成本是系统级试验开发成本的20倍。     

杭州文化创意产业区的空间发展格局及空间影响

在我国城市化发展转型的大环境下,随着城市新区的开发以及城市中心区传统产业的外迁和置换,文化创意产业区建设正日益受到城市决策者和研究者的关注。本文以杭州为例,在分析目前城市文化创意产业区建设现状的基础上,探讨了其在城市宏观层面的空间发展格局与发展的基本模式。     

Acceptance of biomass plants – Results of a longitudinal study in the bioenergy-region Altmark

The present contribution addresses the results of a longitudinal study in a ‘bioenergy-region’ concerning the public acceptance of biomass plants and the corresponding influencing factors. Using a standardized questionnaire, 423 persons were polled between 2009 and 2011 on three points of measurement in four places in the bioenergy-region Altmark. One main result of the study is that the reported public acceptance remains constantly high over time; nevertheless it became evident that the respective influencing factors differ in their strength, whereas the perceived regional benefit shows a strong connection to the reported public acceptance of biomass plants at each point of measurement. Concluding the research results, the acceptance of biomass plants doesn't seem to be a fixed construct, but has to be seen in context of the respective experiences with plants on a local level over time.In addition to the local population, key actors of the regional biomass sector were also interviewed (N = 26). The analyses show significant differences in the perception and evaluation of the current informational level between the population and the key actors. Furthermore, the key actors estimated the utilisation of biomass even more positively and expected a greater ‘signal function’ of the bioenergy-region-project compared to the population.     

Facebook use and academic performance among college students: A mixed-methods study with a multi-ethnic sample

This paper uses a mixed-methods approach to examine the relation between online academic disclosure and academic performance. A multi-ethnic sample of college students (N = 261; male = 66; female = 195; M age ≈ 22 years) responded to open-ended questions about their Facebook use. Thematic analysis revealed that over 14% of the Facebook wall posts/status updates (N = 714) contained academic themes; positive states were more frequent than negative and neutral states and students with lower GPAs expressed negative states more often. A path analysis suggested that academic performance may determine college students’ Facebook use, rather than the reverse. Implications for student support services are discussed.     

Rethinking Enterprise Architecture for Sustainable Energy System Development

The development of a sustainable energy system throughout an enterprise is a complex task, which requires an agile holistic approach. Such an approach needs to include a variety of objectives including energy strategy formation and strategic decision-making, which are directly related to the analysis and management of the main areas of sustainable development:The economic, technological, environmental, and social. These multidimensional requirements of sustainability are often difficult to achieve within the enterprise, because these aspects are interrelated and influenced by various internal and external environment factors. This paper first reviews the main challenges for an energy system, and then demonstrates how a strategic agile enterprise architecture driven approach could effectively guide the sustainable energy system development. The study presented in this paper provides a holistic approach that contributes to the advancement and usage of literature dealing with issues of sustainable energy system development and agile enterprise architecture, which has not been discussed before to any great extent.     

直角坐标在软件开发中的应用研究

为简化不同软件开发技术处理界面中组件关系的算法,增强使用数学模型解决软件开发中算法设计的能力,全面分析和总结直角坐标系在界面设计中的应用十分必要。通过对不同开发技术处理界面设计的分析,界面中组件位置关系实质上都可以转化为坐标关系的计算。本文列举了直角坐标系在Python编程、Android编程、Java编程和Unity编程中的应用,以期给相应的算法设计提供借鉴思路。     

招远市金矿资源开发利用调查评价研究

为深入贯彻生态文明思想，促进矿产资源全面节约和高效利用，对招远市展开了金矿矿产资源开发利用水平调查评价，对2018年度数据进行整理和实地核查后，进行了单个矿山评价和多矿山评价，包括矿种评价、地区评价、行业评价。招远市16个矿山实际数据和基准值指标对比显示，单个矿山评价和多矿山评价的达标率均为100%。在此基础上，分析了金矿矿产资源资源开发利用水平调查评价的意义和存在问题。     

中国矿产资源产业扶贫与可持续发展的路径探析

目前,我国已经到了扶贫攻坚的关键时期。矿产资源产业扶贫作为一种重要扶贫路径,还没有充分发挥其重要作用,仍存在许多不足之处。需在国家统筹规划的基础上,从建立收益分配制度、完善激励约束机制、构建多元化经营模式、实施差异化政策、发扬基层党组织建设优势等五个方面综合施策,促进矿业发展和贫困户脱贫致富,实现贫困地区可持续发展。