Towards the next generation of artificial neural networks for civil engineering

The purpose of this paper is to stimulate interest within the civil engineering research community for developing the next generation of applied artificial neural networks. In particular, it identifies what the next generation of these devices needs to achieve, and provides direction in terms of how their development may proceed. An analysis of the current situation indicates that progress in the development of artificial neural network applications has largely stagnated. Suggestions are made for advancing the field to the next level of sophistication and application, using genetic algorithms and related techniques. It is shown that this approach will require the design of some very sophisticated genetic coding mechanisms in order to develop the required higher-order network structures, and will utilize development mechanisms observed in nature such as growth, self-organization, and multi-stage objective functions. The capabilities of such an approach and the way in which they can be achieved are explored with reference to the problems of: (a) determining truck attributes from the strain envelopes they induce in structural members when crossing a bridge, and; (b) developing a decision support system for dynamic control of industrialized manufacturing of houses.     

Body composition and self-perceived health and fitness among indoor sports participants

Abstract

This paper examines (1) the responses of participants in specific indoor sports to questions regarding their self-perceived health and fitness, and (2) the relation betweeen these responses and body composition. A representative sample of indoor sports participants (n = 4308; 2938 male and 1370 female) from six cities in the United Kingdom responded to a questionnaire concerned with their self-perception of health and fitness. Height and weight was established from self-report and a body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Seventy eight percent of males and 85% of females reported their health as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’. Less than 2% of the sample reported their health as ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’. However, only 67% of males and 67% of females reported their fitness as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’. Again, the proportion of the sample reporting ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’ fitness was low; less than 4%. The question on health was compared with a recent general population survey and this yielded markedly more ‘unfavourable’ results; only 72% of males and 70% of females reported their health as being ‘good’ or ‘excellent’. A comparison of the response category groups for BMI showed significant differences between the ‘poor’ and ‘fair’ groups but not between the ‘good’ and ‘excellent’ groups.

It is concluded that: (1) indoor sports participants regard their health and fitness highly, but their fitness less so than their health; (2) adiposity tends to be associated with poorer perceptions of health and fitness; (3) women sports participants perceive their health more highly than others of the same age compared with men, yet the reverse is true of fitness.     

分流器检测误差对电动轮汽车动力制动的影响及对策

根据电动轮汽车在实际运行过程中出现的故障现象,从理论上详细分析了详细分析了分流器的检测误差引起电动轮汽车动力制动差的工作原理,并提出了在实际维修工作中如何检验分流器存在检测误差的简易方法。     

车载常压热水锅炉的设计制造

介绍了一种特殊用途的车载常压热水锅炉的设计、试制及试验情况。     

高真空多层绝热槽车制造工艺要点分析

从绝热材料的准备、内容器的缠绕、内外容器罐体的套合到夹层抽真空等工艺要点入手,对高真空多层绝热槽车的制造工艺进行了详细叙述。     

大型矿车用减速机齿轮系统的疲劳分析

提出一种基于\"放大因子\"、采用二维平面单元模拟三维实体动态工况的计算疲劳的方法,对某矿车减速机齿轮系统进行疲劳分析,得到太阳轮、行星轮和扭力管在不同抗拉强度下的疲劳寿命.结果表明:太阳轮和扭力管最易发生疲劳破坏;齿轮寿命对抗拉强度的依赖性较敏感;得出的齿轮系统热处理后的抗拉强度建议值能为设计提供参考,且该方法能大大提高计算效率.     

7.50R16 14PR全钢轻型载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍7.50R16 14PR全钢轻型载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计:外直径800mm,断面宽218mm,行驶面宽度170mm,行驶面弧度高7mm,胎圈着合直径403mm,胎圈着合宽度163mm,断面水平轴位置(H1/H2)1.100 5,采用4条纵向花纹沟设计,花纹周节数36,花纹饱和度68.2%,花纹深度13mm。施工设计:胎面采用两方三块结构,胎体采用3+9×0.22+0.15HT钢丝帘线,带束层采用3层3×0.20+6×0.35HT钢丝帘布;采用机械式反包两鼓成型机成型,硫化机硫化。成品性能试验结果表明,成品轮胎的充气外缘尺寸和强度性能均符合相应的设计和国家标准要求,耐久性能和高速性能符合企业标准要求。     

电动三轮洒水车车架连接件强度仿真与试验研究

电动三轮洒水车的工况复杂,车架为其主要承重构件,车架连接结构强度是否满足要求直接决定了其工作性能和使用寿命。该文利用ANSYS软件对三种典型工况下的电动三轮洒水车车架进行有限元分析,得到了电动三轮洒水车车架连接结构的应力特点和最大应力的大小和位置,并通过相关试验验证了仿真分析结果的正确性。研究内容为车架连接结构强度仿真分析提供一定的技术基础。     

防老剂S-TMQ在全钢载重子午线轮胎带束层胶中的应用

研究高纯度防老剂S-TMQ在全钢载重子午线轮胎带束层胶中的应用,并与普通防老剂TMQ进行对比。结果表明：与防老剂TMQ相比,防老剂S-TMQ的有效成分含量大,其他成分含量较小;使用防老剂S-TMQ减量50%替代防老剂TMQ,胶料的硫化特性基本不变,各项物理性能相当,耐热老化性能更好,同时可以降低胶料成本。     

鞍千矿排石（土）场土石复杂边坡可靠性分析

鞍千矿排石（土）场形成的坡体与一般的边坡不同,坡体形态复杂,碎石与土混杂,且分布不均匀,土体的参数重度、内聚力和内摩擦角在空间上变异较大,并且坡体有软弱层面存在。通过实验、现场统计等方式研究这些参数,发现它们基本满足正态分布,并给出了概率统计特性和概率分布。用Bishop方法分别计算3类稳定系数,既无条件最小稳定系数、滑动块体达到一定规模的最小稳定系数（危害性大）和滑动面通过软弱面的稳定系数,通过蒙特卡洛法得到了这些稳定系数的概率分布。分别计算了排石（土）场有代表性3个剖面的3个类型稳定系数的概率分布函数,进行了可靠性分析,并给出了预警等级。