从蚕的生命到艺术：中国古代生命观的哲学表达

中国考古出土的蚕业实物及蚕的艺术形象比较丰富,蚕的艺术形象如蚕纹、陶蚕蛹、牙雕蚕、玉石蚕、铜蚕、金蚕等,可统称为"蚕的模拟形态"。对蚕的模拟形态的功用,已有的诸多解释都有待完善。研究表明,蚕的模拟形态或艺术形象表达的功用或为饰品,或为装饰图案,或有待进一步考究。但无论哪种功用,用"蚕"这一形象都蕴含了特有的用意。通过对中国古代生命观的考察,文章认为蚕的艺术形象折射出相应的中国古代哲学生命观,即中国古人追求的死而复生、生生不息、羽化成仙、长乐无极等观念。     

Research and demonstration on hydrogen compatibility of pipelines: a review of current status and challenges

Hydrogen transportation by pipelines gradually becomes a critical engineering route in the worldwide adaptation of hydrogen as a form of clean energy. However, due to the hydrogen embrittlement effect, the compatibility of linepipe steels and associated welds with hydrogen is a major concern when designing hydrogen-carrying pipelines. When hydrogen enters the steels, their ductility, fracture resistance, and fatigue properties can be adversely altered. This paper reviews the status of several demonstration projects for natural gas-hydrogen blending and pure hydrogen transportation, the pipeline materials used and their operating parameters. This paper also compares the current standards of materials specifications for hydrogen pipeline systems from different parts of the world. The hydrogen compatibility and tolerance of varying grades of linepipe steels and the relevant testing methods for assessing the compatibility are then discussed, and the conservatism or the inadequacies of the test conditions of the current standards are pointed out for future improvement.     

Fire safe,sustainable loose furnishing

The aim of this exploratory study has been to investigate the fire properties and environmental aspects of different upholstery material combinations, mainly for domestic applications. An analysis of the sustainability and circularity of selected textiles, along with lifecycle assessment, is used to qualitatively evaluate materials from an environmental perspective. The cone calorimeter was the primary tool used to screen 20 different material combinations from a fire performance perspective. It was found that textile covers of conventional fibres such as wool, cotton and polyester, can be improved by blending them with fire resistant speciality fibres. A new three‐dimensional web structure has been examined as an alternative padding material, showing preliminary promising fire properties with regard to ignition time, heat release rates and smoke production.     

Improving the shelf life stability of vacuum-packed fresh-cut peaches (Prunus persica L.) by radio frequency heating in water

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of radio frequency (RF) heating at 70 and 80 °C, in comparison with the traditional conventional heating. The RF heating technology was applied for maintaining the colour and textural quality as well as inactivating the enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and reducing the Escherichia coli growth in packaged fresh-cut peach samples. To evaluate this, 120 g of freshly cut peach fruit was placed in heat-resistant plastic bags, and 50 mL of sugar solution (12°Brix) was added to each bag and vacuum-packed for conventional heating and radio frequency (RF) heating. Our results demonstrated that the RF heating process could reduce the heating time by up to 83% at 70 and 80 °C as compared to conventional heating. Moreover, RF heating at 70 and 80 °C reduced the PPO enzymatic activity, which caused enzymatic browning, up to 85.46% and 93.5%, respectively, as compared to 40.86% reduction only for conventional heating. Furthermore, RF heating completely inhibited E. coli growth. Collectively, we demonstrated that RF heating is an emerging and promising technology for improving the quality of fresh-cut fruits such as peach during various storage conditions. The present study provides relatively novel information on the effectiveness of RF heating in maintaining the quality of fresh-cut peaches. In the future, we would like to investigate the effectiveness of RF heating on other agricultural products.     

Bacillus and Paenibacillus species associated with extended shelf life milk during processing and storage

Characterisation of spore formers associated with extended shelf life milk was performed by analysing the bacteriological quality of milk samples collected at various processing stages and during storage. Isolates were identified with MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Milk had spore counts <2 log₁₀ cfu/mL and 4 log₁₀ cfu/mL during processing and storage, respectively. Bacillus pumilus dominated the bacterial population. Bacterial species were inoculated into sterile milk for a shelf life study, and the population change was observed over 42 days at 7 °C. Although the extended shelf life milk process was effective in reducing bacterial counts and species diversity, the presence of Bacillus cereus shows a potential safety problem in extended shelf life milk.     

基于并行多通道卷积长短时记忆网络的轴承寿命预测方法

在预测轴承剩余使用寿命时，数据间的时序特性是一个可以利用的重要隐藏信息。为了更好地提取具有时序信息的特征用于预测，提出了一种基于并行多通道卷积长短时记忆网络（PMCCNN-LSTM）的剩余使用寿命预测模型。该模型主要由两部分组成：前端为并行多通道卷积网络（PMCCNN），提取信号特征，挖掘数据的时序特性，并采用逐层训练和微调的方式提升参数的收敛性；后端为长短时记忆（LSTM）网络，基于特征进行剩余使用寿命预测，并采用加权平均的方法对预测结果进行平滑处理。在一个轴承加速寿命实验的公开数据集上使用留一法验证了该模型的准确性，实验结果表明：所提模型的平均误差与最大误差分别比传统的卷积神经网络（CNN）低23.38%和15.84%，比传统的LSTM低24.14%和19.01%，比卷积长短时记忆网络（CNN-LSTM）低30.32%和23.09%。     

基于Bootstrap方法的密封寿命可靠性评估

针对高可靠、长寿命密封件在小样本试验下的可靠性寿命评估需求,提出一种基于虚拟增广样本和Bootstrap方法的密封寿命小样本数据可靠性评估方法。并以轴用阶梯圈为例,进行寿命可靠性评估。首先通过虚拟增广法将轴用阶梯圈台架寿命试验数据样本数增广至10个,使得样本数满足Bootstrap方法的适用条件;然后再利用Bootstrap方法得到轴用阶梯圈的寿命可靠性评估结果。     

基于双应力加速寿命试验的关节轴承寿命预测与可靠性分析

自润滑关节轴承寿命主要是由衬垫的磨损性能决定的,但衬垫的磨损一般是非线性的,使得寿命难以预测。采用同时改变载荷和摆频2种应力的方法进行加速寿命试验,建立以pv值、磨损量退化数据为输入参数,寿命值为输出参数的灰色神经网络预测模型。经验证该预测模型对关节轴承寿命预测的最大误差仅为7.33%,平均误差仅为3.892%。对不同加速应力下自润滑关节轴承可靠性进行评估,结果表明,关节轴承的可靠性在L_(10)(可靠度为90%时的寿命)之前下降趋势缓慢,然后迅速下降,pv值越大可靠性下降越迅速;随着pv值的增大,关节轴承寿命近似呈指数下降,经验证可用逆幂率加速模型反映二者关系。     

激光熔覆和内壁熔铜技术在液压支架上的应用

液压支架使用寿命是煤机综采设备寿命综合评价的要素之一。通过对先进的激光熔覆和内壁熔铜技术在液压支架上的应用进行介绍，综合对比了采用传统表面处理技术和先进的激光熔覆、内壁熔铜技术在液压支架上的综合性能、经济效益和社会效益等方面。结果表明:激光熔覆和内壁熔铜技术技术优势突出，能够显著提高液压支架的整体性能，延长支架使用寿命。     

Exploring the role of reinforcement in controlling fatigue crack propagation behavior of perfluorosulfonic-acid membranes

Reinforced composite membranes in polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are attracting more and more attention due to their simultaneously superior durability and high performance. Despite its improved durability during accelerated stress testing, the underlying mechanism of reinforcement in improving mechanical durability, particularly the crack propagation resistance, has not well been investigated. In this paper, we report the fatigue crack propagation behaviors of reinforced Nafion XL membrane and unreinforced Nafion 212 membrane. It is found that the fatigue crack growth rate of Nafion 212 membrane depends on stress ratios, and that of Nafion XL membrane depends on initial crack length and membrane orientation. In addition, the microstructure changes of reinforced Nafion XL membrane are examined through microscopy studies where two distinct features are observed: crack propagation in outer ionomer layers and interfacial delamination. These two features well explain the distinct fatigue crack propagation behavior of Nafion XL membrane, such as slow and almost constant fatigue crack propagation rate. The findings reported here are not only beneficial for understanding fatigue crack propagation mechanism of reinforced composite membrane but also helpful for designing and optimizing composite ion-conductive membranes.