混凝土结构的压电声波检测分析

本文介绍了混凝土结构的压电体波和表面波检测的主要进展,对两种压电声波检测的优缺点进行了总结。体波检测设备一般埋入混凝土内部,需要选择合理的检测部位,检测结果较为精确;声表面波检测无需选择特定的部位,但是检测深度有限。在实际检测工作过程中,可以联合两种方法相互验证。     

Opportunities for combining data of Estonian and Russian monitoring to reflect on water quality in large transboundary Lake Peipsi

Lake Peipsi, one of the world’s largest lakes, is shared between Estonia and Russia. The water quality in different parts of the lake has so far been assessed independently. Here we explore opportunities for combining data of Estonian and Russian monitoring. For that, we 1) analysed the compatibility of data for some water quality variables; 2) estimated the potential effects of the differences in sampling frequency; 3) provided a few regression models to calculate the missing data for months not sampled by the Russian side. Data of the concurrent Estonian and Russian sampling indicated a good compatibility. Estonian data analysis suggested that water quality assessment results are sensitive to sampling frequency. For example, total phosphorus (TP) in the largest basin showed a long-term decreasing trend in three month data that disappeared when data for other months were added. Disregarding some months may lead to under- or overestimation of certain factors with no consistency in the response of different basins. Hence, data of the whole ice-free period are recommended for an adequate water quality assessment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that monthly values of the water quality variables of the same year are autocorrelated. Based on this, we filled the gaps in the long-term data and compiled a dataset for the whole lake that enables its most comprehensive use in water quality assessment and management. Long-term data revealed no water quality improvement of Lake Peipsi. Further reduction of the external nutrient load is needed. Eutrophication is sustained by high internal phosphorus load.     

Bio-Based,Self-Crosslinkable Eucommia ulmoides Gum/Silica Hybrids with Body Temperature Triggering Shape Memory Capability

At present, the synthesis of body temperature triggering shape memory polymers usually requires elaborate structural design, which limits their wide application. Herein, starting from bio-based Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG), a series of EUG/silica hybrids (ESHs) are prepared through a facile one-pot process, in which EUG is epoxied and then self-crosslinked with SiO₂ by epoxy ring-open reaction. Varying the amount of H₂O₂, the shape memory transition temperature (T_trans) of ESHs is adjusted to 47.4–36.6 ℃, which is close to human body temperature (37 ℃). Among them, ESH-17 exhibited the best body temperature triggering shape memory ability (T_trans = 36.6 ℃), which can restore the permanent shape within 60 s at 37 ℃ with a shape fixity ratio of 99% and shape recovery ratio near 100%. In addition, the shape memory mechanism is discussed and shows some application scenarios of ESHs. The as-produced materials can be used as smart biomaterials such as self-tightening sutures, self-sealing root canal filling materials, and so on.     

Borage Oil Enhances Lamellar Body Content and Alters Fatty Acid Composition of Epidermal Ceramides in Essential Fatty Acid-Deficient Guinea Pigs

Borage oil [BO: 40.9% linoleic acid (LNA) and 24.0% γ-linolenic acid (GLA)] reverses disrupted epidermal lipid barrier in essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). We determined the effects of BO on lamellar body (LB) content and LNA and GLA incorporation into epidermal ceramide 1 (CER1) and epidermal ceramide 2 (CER2), major barrier lipids. EFAD was induced in guinea pigs by a diet of 6% hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) for 10 weeks (group HCO) or 8 weeks followed by 6% BO for 2 weeks (group HCO + BO). LB content and LNA and GLA incorporation into CER1 were higher in group HCO + BO than in group HCO. Small but significant levels of LNA, GLA, and their C20-metabolized fatty acids [dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (ARA)] were incorporated into CER2, where ARA was detected at a level lower than LNA, but DGLA incorporation exceeded that for GLA in group HCO + BO. Dietary BO enhanced LB content and differential incorporation of GLA into CER1 and DGLA into CER2.     

基于归一化水体指数及其阈值自适应算法的水体遥感反演效果分析

归一化水体指数（NDWI）是水体遥感反演的一种重要指标，其阈值及修正直接影响反演结果的精度。基于Landsat-8与GF-1光学多光谱影像，使用归一化水体指数法阈值0（TH₀）、最大类间方差法（OTSU）自适应阈值（TH_otsu）与均值漂移聚类算法（Mean-Shift）自适应阈值（TH_MS）分别对典型正常水体、云雾覆盖水体、富营养化水体、高含泥沙水体进行水体遥感提取与效果分析，结果表明：正常水体以TH₀为阈值提取精度最高，THMS提取精度次之，TH_otsu提取精度最差；而云雾覆盖水体、富营养化水体以及含泥沙水体使用THMS提取精度最高，尤其少量云雾覆盖下的水体，TH_MS具有更明显的优势，TH₀提取精度次之，TH_otsu提取精度最差；对于不同的阈值，Land?sat-8比GF-1总体表现出更高的水体提取精度。Mean-Shift算法应用于NDWI阈值修正与水体遥感反演具有快速、水质适应性强、效果稳定的优势，对尤其是复杂条件下的水体信息遥感反演具有较好的提取效果。     

断控岩溶主控的缝洞型碳酸盐岩内部溶蚀相带表征——以塔河油田10区奥陶系油藏为例

以塔河油田10区的典型井组为研究对象，在明确断裂主控岩溶的背景下，分析岩溶作用过程与缝洞空间分布的关系，揭示了研究区缝洞体内幕结构及油气生产差异机理。通过对钻井、地震、示踪剂等动态和静态资料的分析，将研究区缝洞储集体划分为洞穴型、孔洞型、裂缝-孔洞型和裂缝型4种类型。结合地球物理描述与相似露头观察，分析断控岩溶作用下溶洞的发育过程，并建立基于成因演化的缝洞空间分布模式。岩溶作用下储层的发育具有分带性，依据该模式从内向外划分出4个溶蚀相带，分别是大型溶洞带、溶蚀孔洞密集区、缝洞联合发育体以及最外围的裂缝破裂带。不同的溶蚀相带其发育的主要储集体类型、储集物性、井震特征以及储量和产能情况有较大差异。在此基础上，结合生产动态资料所揭示的不同井之间的响应和连通情况，明确了研究区不同钻井分别钻遇了不同发育程度或演化阶段的缝洞溶蚀相带，且主要存在溶洞连通、缝洞连通和裂缝连通3种沟通方式。通过对缝洞溶蚀相带空间配置关系的有效刻画，采用确定性建模方法建立岩溶储层三维地质模型，并取得较好的数值模拟效果。     

适用于无线体域网的动态口令认证协议

无线体域网中传输的是与生命高度相关的敏感数据，身份认证是信息安全保护的第一道防线。现有的基于人体生物信息的身份认证方案存在信息难提取、偶然性大和误差性大的问题，基于传统密码学的认证方案需较大计算资源和能量消耗，并不适用于无线体域网环境。为此，在动态口令和非对称加密机制基础上，提出一种适用于无线体域网的动态口令双向认证轻量协议，并对其进行形式化分析。通过理论证明、SVO逻辑推理及SPIN模型检测得出：该协议满足双向认证，且能够抵御重放攻击、伪装攻击、拒绝服务器攻击和口令离线攻击，具有较高安全性。     

济阳坳陷下古生界潜山油气藏特征及成藏模式

济阳坳陷下古生界潜山具有多样性、复杂性的特点，潜山差异性的形成演化、油气成藏主控因素和控藏模式不明确，严重制约了该区潜山油气勘探。在潜山分类的基础上，综合利用系统恢复、分类对比和典型解剖等方法，揭示了济阳坳陷下古生界不同类型潜山的形成演化过程和油气成藏主控因素差异性，分类建立了油气成藏模式。研究表明，济阳坳陷下古生界主要发育高位新盖侵蚀残丘潜山、中位古盖拉张断块潜山、中位新古盖拉张剪切断块潜山、中位中古盖挤压拉张断块潜山和低位古盖拉张滑脱断块潜山5种潜山类型。不同类型潜山的形成演化和油气成藏各具特色，其中，高位新盖侵蚀残丘潜山的发育受隆升、侵蚀作用控制，油气成藏主要受控于油源和盖层条件，表现为"单向供烃、砂体-不整合岩溶体联合输导、残丘控藏"的成藏模式；中位古盖拉张断块潜山的发育受掀斜、断裂作用控制，油气成藏主要受控于储集条件，表现为"单向供烃、顺向断层输导、反向断层控藏"的成藏模式；中位新古盖拉张剪切断块潜山的发育受反转、翘倾和走滑切割作用控制，油气成藏主要受控于输导条件，表现为"多源供烃、断溶体立体输导、断裂控藏"的成藏模式；中位中古盖挤压拉张断块潜山的形成受强烈挤压、拉张滑脱作用控制，油气成藏主要受控于储集条件，表现为"多源供烃、断缝体输导、断褶控藏"的成藏模式；低位古盖拉张滑脱断块潜山的形成受强烈拉张滑脱作用控制，油气成藏主要受控于输导条件，表现为"顶部供烃、断缝体输导、断裂控藏"的成藏模式。     

鑫达黄金矿业急倾斜薄矿体中深孔采矿方法的研究与优化

近年来，随着开采技术的发展，急倾斜薄矿脉采用中深孔采矿越来越多。为了降低生产成本，提高经济效益和安全系数。通过在矿房对扇形中深孔和平行中深孔进行现场试验，得到扇形中深孔比平行中深孔工程量少、千吨采切比小的结论。将扇形中深孔采矿方法在急倾斜薄矿脉中进行推广应用，取得了一定经济效益。     

Genetic analysis of efficiency traits in Austrian dairy cattle and their relationships with body condition score and lameness

This study is part of a larger project whose overall objective was to evaluate the possibilities for genetic improvement of efficiency in Austrian dairy cattle. In 2014, a 1-yr data collection was carried out. Data from 6,519 cows kept on 161 farms were recorded. In addition to routinely recorded data (e.g., milk yield, fertility, disease data), data of novel traits [e.g., body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), lameness score, body measurements] and individual feeding information and feed quality were recorded on each test-day. The specific objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for efficiency (related) traits and to investigate their relationships with BCS and lameness in Austrian Fleckvieh, Brown Swiss, and Holstein cows. The following efficiency (related) traits were considered: energy-corrected milk (ECM), BW, dry matter intake (DMI), energy intake (INEL), ratio of milk output to metabolic BW (ECM/BW^0.75), ratio of milk output to DMI (ECM/DMI), and ratio of milk energy output to total energy intake (LE/INEL, LE = energy in milk). For Fleckvieh, the heritability estimates of the efficiency (related) traits ranged from 0.11 for LE/INEL to 0.44 for BW. Heritabilities for BCS and lameness were 0.19 and 0.07, respectively. Repeatabilities were high and ranged from 0.30 for LE/INEL to 0.83 for BW. Heritability estimates were generally lower for Brown Swiss and Holstein, but repeatabilities were in the same range as for Fleckvieh. In all 3 breeds, more-efficient cows were found to have a higher milk yield, lower BW, slightly higher DMI, and lower BCS. Higher efficiency was associated with slightly fewer lameness problems, most likely due to the lower BW (especially in Fleckvieh) and higher DMI of the more-efficient cows. Body weight and BCS were positively correlated. Therefore, when selecting for a lower BW, BCS is required as additional information because, otherwise, no distinction between large animals with low BCS and smaller animals with normal BCS would be possible.