Hydrogen wettability in carbonate reservoirs: Implication for underground hydrogen storage from geochemical perspective

Hydrogen has been considered as a promising renewable source to replace fossil fuels to meet energy demand and achieve net-zero carbon emission target. Underground hydrogen storage attracts more interest as it shows potential to store hydrogen at large-scale safely and economically. Meanwhile, wettability is one of the most important formation parameters which can affect hydrogen injection rate, reproduction efficiency and storage capacity. However, current knowledge is still very limited on how fluid-rock interactions affect formation wettability at in-situ conditions. In this study, we thus performed geochemical modelling to interpret our previous brine contact angle measurements of H₂-brine-calcite system. The calcite surface potential at various temperatures, pressures and salinities was calculated to predict disjoining pressure. Moreover, the surface species concentrations of calcite and organic stearic acid were estimated to characterize calcite-organic acid electrostatic attractions and thus hydrogen wettability. The results of the study showed that increasing temperature increases the disjoining pressure on calcite surface, which intensifies the repulsion force of H₂ against calcite and increases the hydrophilicity. Increasing salinity decreases the disjoining pressure, leading to more H₂-wet and contact angle increment. Besides, increasing stearic acid concentration remarkably strengthens the adhesion force between calcite and organic acid, which leads to more hydrophobic and H₂-wet. In general, the results from geochemical modelling are consistent with experimental observations that decreasing temperature and increasing salinity and organic acid concentration increase water contact angle. This work also demonstrates the importance of involving geochemical modelling on H₂ wettability assessment during underground hydrogen storage.     

Key-dependent side-channel cube attack on CRAFT

CRAFT is a tweakable block cipher introduced in 2019 that aims to provide strong protection against differential fault analysis. In this paper, we show that CRAFT is vulnerable to side-channel cube attacks. We apply side-channel cube attacks to CRAFT with the Hamming weight leakage assumption. We found that the first half of the secret key can be recovered from the Hamming weight leakage after the first round. Next, using the recovered key bits, we continue our attack to recover the second half of the secret key. We show that the set of equations that are solvable varies depending on the value of the key bits. Our result shows that 99.90% of the key space can be fully recovered within a practical time.     

Investigation on hydrogen-fueled combustion characteristics and thermal performance in a micro heat-recirculation combustor inserted with block

Numerical investigation on the premixed H₂/air combustion in a micro heat-recirculation combustor inserted with/without block is conducted. Effects of block setting, heat-recirculation, and flow rate on combustion characteristics and thermal performance are depicted and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the block enhances the flame stability and preheating effect, which also reduces the heat loss via exhaust gas, while it shortens reactants residence time. The combustor setting with a transverse block gains a better thermal performance than that inserted with a longitudinal block. With the increase of transverse block height, the high-temperature zone is broadened and radiation is improved. However, the block with a height of 10 mm separates the fluid field and weakens the effects of heat recirculation, leading to a lower outer wall temperature. Furthermore, the appropriate block insertion method and height contribute to the significant improvement of heat transfer, radiant efficiency and further optimization of micro power generator.     

于都黄麟-祁禄山地区土地质量地球化学评价

通过对于都县黄麟-祁禄山地区开展1:5万土地质量地球化学调查,在野外土壤样品采集和化验测试的基础上,系统地研究了影响土地质量的各项地球化学指标特征与控制因素,基本查明有益元素、重金属元素分布,划分出重点污染区和绿色土地发展区,并进行土地质量等级评价,为永久基本农田建设、土地资源开发与利用等方面提出建议。     

Fix-and-relax approaches for controlled tabular adjustment

Controlled tabular adjustment (CTA) is a relatively new protection technique for tabular data protection. CTA formulates a mixed integer linear programming problem, which is challenging for tables of moderate size. Even finding a feasible initial solution may be a challenging task for large instances. On the other hand, end users of tabular data protection techniques give priority to fast executions and are thus satisfied in practice with suboptimal solutions. This work has two goals. First, the fix-and-relax (FR) strategy is applied to obtain good feasible initial solutions to large CTA instances. FR is based on partitioning the set of binary variables into clusters to selectively explore a smaller branch-and-cut tree. Secondly, the FR solution is used as a warm start for a block coordinate descent (BCD) heuristic (approach named FR+BCD); BCD was confirmed to be a good option for large CTA instances in an earlier paper by the second and third co-authors (Comput Oper Res 2011;38:1826–35 [23]). We report extensive computational results on a set of real-world and synthetic CTA instances. FR is shown to be competitive compared to CPLEX branch-and-cut in terms of quickly finding either a feasible solution or a good upper bound. FR+BCD improved the quality of FR solutions for approximately 25% and 50% of the synthetic and real-world instances, respectively. FR or FR+BCD provided similar or better solutions in less CPU time than CPLEX for 73% of the difficult real-world instances.     

高速铁路绝缘块耐环境能力的研究

铁路扣件系统是将钢轨固定在轨枕上,阻止钢轨相对于轨枕发生横纵向移动,保持轨距,在高速铁路运行过程中起到缓冲减震作用的系统。经过长期使用及列车的运行,有些尼龙产品扣件存在不同程度的损坏,产生松动现象,进而影响铁路运行安全。以扣件系统中的绝缘轨距块为研究对象,从环境及气候等多种因素研究其对轨距块性能的影响,找寻较为关键的影响因素。研究结果发现,室外环境放置的轨距块极限剪切性能下降更明显,耐冲击性更差。经过研究不同恶劣环境下轨距块性能的变化,发现高温高湿及高温环境下产品性能下降幅度较大,其中高温高湿影响最大。     

Oval cuboid TiO2 particles with mesoporous structure fabricated by using fluorinated block copolymers as templates with photocatalytic performance

In this work, a poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(1H,1H,7H-dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate) (PEG-b-PDFMA) block copolymer was first synthesized by the reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Then a novel facile approach was developed to fabricate oval cuboid TiO₂ particles with mesoporous structure by using the PEG-b-PDFMA block copolymer as a template and titanium tetrabutoxide (TBOT) as a precursor, followed by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process and calcination process. The results show that the PEG-b-PDFMA block copolymer can control the oriented assembly of nanoparticles and act as templates for the formation of a mesopore. It is found that the mass ratio of TBOT/PEG-b-PDFMA and water content in the solution have a significant influence on the morphology of TiO₂ particles. When the mass ratio of TBOT/PEG-b-PDFMA is 0.25/1, oval cuboid TiO₂ particles with mesopores are obtained, which exhibits a high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light irradiation.     

影响煤层气开发效果的地质因素再认识

地质特征认识对煤层气开发效果起着重要作用。在资源特征相差不大的情况下,发现煤层气相邻井的产量差异仍较大。排除工程因素后,通过选取8类地质参数,细致比对了保德区块低产井与邻井的参数特征,筛查出其关键因素为煤层微幅构造与顶板封盖条件,其中以微幅构造为主。据此,重新认识并划分出区块新的次生褶皱背斜单元、向斜单元和斜坡单元,获得了不同次生褶皱构造单元的开发特征。结果表明,高、低产井分布与次生褶皱背斜、向斜相关性高达92%。其中:高产井主要分布在次生褶皱背斜变化较缓、呈隆起状的“平台”,且煤层顶板以泥岩、碳质泥岩为主,封盖性较好;低产井主要分布在次生褶皱向斜,同一井台各井开发效果差异表现为从向斜条带轴部—向斜条带内—向斜条带外的煤层气井平均单井产量不断增加,到向斜轴部的距离大于向斜曲率半径73.5%的范围为主力产气区,小于向斜曲率半径40.0%范围为产水主力区。这对煤层气新井部署、生产管理、开发调整等,具有一定的指导意义。     

三维栅格数据结构的研究与应用

三维数据结构是三维GIS研究的重点。三维栅格数据结构在数字影象、数字高程模型等领域得到了广泛应用。从栅格的编码、栅格的空间分析等方面对三维栅格数据结构进行研究，并以一个具体的矿床为例，对应用三维栅格数据结构进行矿体块段建模、特定范围内储量计算等空间分析时涉及的技术和方法进行了论述。提出了今后在研究和应用三维数据结构时的建议和展望。