Iterative finite element model of nonlinear viscoplastic analyses for blended granular porous media

The iterative finite element model, in which an element is used to represent a single particle, is generated to analyze the global behavior of multiple-material aggregates of materially nonlinear viscoplastic particles. The generalized Maxwell model is used to define four types of specific nonlinear viscoplastic materials, which are the elasto visco-plastic matter with linear viscosity, the plasto visco-plastic material with linear viscosity, the elasto visco-plastic media with nonlinear viscosity, and the plasto visco-plastic media with nonlinear viscosity. The theory and relevant penalty iterative algorithm are developed to analyze the four representative mixed granular systems consisting of materially nonlinear viscous particles. To verify precision of stress calculation, solutions of an axis-symmetric radial flow problem are compared with results of the literature and they are in a great agreement. The results present here provide significant insight into the fundamental behavior of granular media under compaction conditions, including prediction of the overall aggregates stress-strain response.     

A dimension map for molecular aggregates

A pair of gyradius ratios, defined from the principal radii of gyration, are used to generate a dimension map that describes the geometry of molecular aggregates in water and in organic solvents. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the aggregation of representative biomolecules and polyaromatic compounds to demonstrate application of the dimension map. It was shown that molecular aggregate data on the dimension map were bounded by two boundary curves, and that the map could be separated into three regions representing three groups of structures: one-dimensional rod-like structures; two-dimensional planar structures or short-cylinder-like structures; and three-dimensional sphere-like structures. Examining the location of the aggregates on the dimension map and how the location changes with solvent type and solute material parameter provides a simple yet effective way to infer the aggregation manner and to study solubility and mechanism of aggregation.     

人工大理岩骨料应用几个关键问题与对策分析

国内某大型水电工程的混凝土骨料母岩为洞挖大理岩渣料,应用中面临岩性较脆、料源均一性欠佳、毛料含水率大、粗骨料裹粉严重且级配较差、干法生产的人工砂石粉含量超标严重等诸多问题。大理岩人工骨料大规模用于大型水电工程,并采用干式制砂系统,在国内尚属首次。根据工程建设中长期的跟踪检测数据,针对上述问题进行了深入剖析,提出了增加缓降装置和二次筛分及水洗装置、采用胶带运输、调整主筛分车间筛网、筛除毛料中大于20 mm的颗粒、调整风选车间参数等相应对策。在取得较好的技术效果的同时,为类似工程的进一步大范围应用积累了经验。     

Ca2+对悬浮培养HEK293细胞的细胞团形成、细胞生长和代谢的影响

利用HEK293细胞在悬浮培养中具有聚集成团的体外培养特性,在250ml的Bellco的搅拌培养体系中,以细胞团粒径、细胞粒径、细胞数、细胞活力、葡萄糖比消耗速率 (qglc)、乳酸比生产速率 (qlac) 和乳酸对葡萄糖得率 (Ylac/glc) 为观察指标,考察了HEK293细胞在Ca2 浓度设置为0μmol/L、250μmol/L、500μmol/L、750μmol/L和1000μmol/L的搅拌培养体系中的细胞团形成、细胞生长和代谢.实验发现:培养基中的Ca2 浓度决定着HEK293细胞在悬浮培养中能否形成细胞团并影响着细胞团的粒径分布和细胞团内细胞相互连接的紧密程度;在250～1000μmol/L的Ca2 浓度范围内,HEK293细胞团的平均粒径与培养基中的Ca2 浓度成正比;Ca2 浓度对以细胞团的形式悬浮培养的HEK293细胞的生长和代谢无明显的影响.实验结果提示,Ca2 浓度是调节HEK293细胞团粒径分布、维持悬浮细胞团中HEK293细胞正常生长和代谢的有效控制参数.     

Correlation between ionic conductivity and fluidity of polymer gel electrolytes containing NH4CF3SO3

Nonaqueous polymer gel electrolytes containing ammonium triflate (NH₄CF₃SO₃) and dimethylacetamide (DMA) with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as the gelling polymer have been synthesized which show high value of conductivity (~ 10^-2 S/cm) at 25°C. The conductivity of polymer gel electrolytes containing different concentrations of NH₄CF₃SO₃ shows a small decrease with the addition of PMMA and this has been correlated with the variation of fluidity of these gel electrolytes. The small decrease in conductivity with PMMA addition shows that polymer plays the role of stiffener and this is supported by FTIR results which also indicates the absence of any active interaction between polymer and NH₄CF₃SO₃ in these gel electrolytes.     

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (RBD) Subunit Adsorption at Abiotic Surfaces and Corona Formation at Polymer Particles

The adsorption kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit with the receptor binding domain at abiotic surfaces was investigated. A combination of sensitive methods was used such as atomic force microscopy yielding a molecular resolution, a quartz microbalance, and optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy. The two latter methods yielded in situ information about the protein adsorption kinetics under flow conditions. It was established that at pH 3.5–4 the protein adsorbed on mica and silica surfaces in the form of compact quasi-spherical aggregates with an average size of 14 nm. The maximum coverage of the layers was equal to 3 and 1 mg m⁻² at pH 4 and 7.4, respectively. The experimental data were successfully interpreted in terms of theoretical results derived from modeling. The experiments performed for flat substrates were complemented by investigations of the protein corona formation at polymer particles carried out using in situ laser Doppler velocimetry technique. In this way, the zeta potential of the protein layers was acquired as a function of the coverage. Applying the electrokinetic model, these primary data were converted to the dependence of the subunit zeta potential on pH. It was shown that a complete acid-base characteristic of the layer can be acquired only using nanomolar quantities of the protein.     

不同再生粗集料混凝土单轴受压应力-应变全曲线

用原始强度等级分别为C20和C50的废混凝土制作了再生粗集料,再将再生粗集料以不同的比例混合,然后采用相同的配合比制作棱柱体混凝土试件,并在电液伺服试验机上测定其单轴受压应力-应变全曲线.结果表明:当再生粗集料不同时,再生混凝土单轴受压应力-应变全曲线之间离散较大,轴心抗压强度明显降低,而弹性模量则受控于废混凝土强度等级较低的再生粗集料.     

Destructive and non-destructive evaluation of concrete for optimum sand to aggregate volume ratio

Aggregates are the biggest contributor to concrete volume and are a crucial parameter in dictating its mechanical properties. As such, a detailed experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of sand-to-aggregate volume ratio (s/a) on the mechanical properties of concrete utilizing both destructive and non-destructive testing (employing UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) measurements). For investigation, standard cylindrical concrete samples were made with different s/a (0.36, 0.40, 0.44, 0.48, 0.52, and 0.56), cement content (340 and 450 kg/m³), water-to-cement ratio (0.45 and 0.50), and maximum aggregate size (12 and 19 mm). The effect of these design parameters on the 7, 14, and 28 d compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and UPV of concrete were assessed. The careful analysis demonstrates that aggregate proportions and size need to be optimized for formulating mix designs; optimum ratios of s/a were found to be 0.40 and 0.44 for the maximum aggregate size of 12 and 19 mm, respectively, irrespective of the W/C (water-to-cement) and cement content.     

邯郸地区再生骨料在混凝土和砂浆中应用研究

摘要：全面研究了邯郸地区用砖混结构建筑垃圾生成的再生骨料的粒径、堆积密度、吸水率、筒压强度等基本性能。通过试验,分别测试了以建筑垃圾为骨料的再生混凝土的干表观密度、抗压强度、抗渗性、抗冻性等相关的物理力学性能、以混凝土废渣为粗骨料的再生混凝土的抗压强度和以建筑垃圾作为细骨料等体积替代砂浆中的砂的再生砂浆的抗压强度,并分别与普通混凝土和砂浆对比分析。试验结果表明：以建筑垃圾为骨料的再生混凝土具有良好的基本力学性能,强度最高可达C30;用混凝土废渣作为粗骨料配制的再生混凝土的强度等级可达C50;再生砂浆的强度不降低。研究结果可供工程应用和科学研究参考,为再生混凝土和砂浆的进一步研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

普通混凝土抗拉强度试验

对原状卵石、破碎卵石和石灰岩碎石三种粗集料配制的普通混凝土抗拉强度进行试验。试验结果表明,普通混凝土的单向直接拉伸强度约为弯拉强度的39%~48%,而双向拉伸强度比单向拉伸强度还要低20%~30%,表现为明显的双向拉伸强度弱化效应。这对于在车辆荷载应力和温度应力综合作用下的混凝土路面板等结构设计来说,是一个值得深入研究的重要课题。