Governance choices and policy outcomes in the Latin American and caribbean electricity sector

The paper first provides, for Latin America and the Caribbean, country-specific synthetic quantitative measures of the degree of adoption of governance reforms in the electricity sector, focusing on four key dimensions (market structure, private sector participation (PSP), regulatory autonomy and operational organization). These measures are then correlated with standard policy performance outcomes measures. The findings suggest that, the reforms, considered jointly, were statistically significantly associated with higher technical and process quality but not with social or service improvements. Considered individually, increased regulatory autonomy enjoyed the highest positive correlation with desirable outcomes, but PSP has no significant correlation with any of the outcomes. In sum, as of 2018, governance reforms, considered jointly, had still not delivered on some promised payoffs, notably in addressing energy poverty, although the sensitivity analysis suggests that, for some indicators, the relationships are stronger for larger than for smaller countries.     

Managing risks in public-private partnership formation projects

While sourcing by means of Public-Private Partnerships has been lauded over recent years, increasingly risks appear to jeopardise public organisations' unique societal tasks. Integrated Risk Management has not yet been applied to public organisations getting involved in PPP in the sense of understanding risk management capabilities. This article explores risk awareness and risk management practices underpinning maintenance partnership formation by means of a dual case study of two PPP projects and a short industry survey. The results suggest that organisations face several “intolerable risks” linked to project governance and project management responsibilities: insufficient representation of qualified employees, absence of a shared performance system, assignment of responsibilities and decision-making authority, impractical or inappropriate partnership agreement, and timing of the partnership initiative. Cross-case analysis revealed the role of different levels of risk awareness and senior management involvement. Drawing on these findings, a framework for risk management for PPP formation projects is developed.     

Crowdwork platform governance toward organizational value creation

Crowdwork, a new form of digitally mediated employment and part of the so-called gig economy, has the capacity to change the nature of work organization and to provide strategic value to workers, job providers, and intermediary platform owners. However, because crowdwork is temporary, large-scale, distributed, and mediated, its governance remains a challenge that often casts a shadow over its strategic value. The objective of this paper is to shed light on the making of value-adding crowdwork arrangements. Specifically, the paper explores crowdwork platform governance mechanisms and the relationships between these mechanisms and organizational value creation. Building on a comprehensive review of the extant literature on governance and crowdwork, we construct an overarching conceptual model that integrates control system and coordination system as two complementary mechanisms that drive crowdwork platform governance effectiveness and the consequent job provider benefits. Furthermore, the model accentuates the role of the degree of centralization and the degree of routinization as critical moderators in crowdwork platform governance. Overall, the paper highlights the potential of crowdwork to contribute not only to inclusion, fair wages and flexible work arrangements for workers but also to organizations’ value and competitive edge.     

Governance of institutional complexity in megaproject organizations

A significant research gap exists in our understanding of how to govern institutional complexity in megaproject organizations. In this paper, we conduct a case study of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project in order to elaborate on whence institutional complexity emerges and how institutional complexity affects project outcomes and shapes actors' behaviors. We find that institutional complexity stems from both external (macro-level) environments and internal actors (micro-level environments), and consists of regulatory, political, and social complexity and cultural, evolutionary, and relational complexity, respectively. In addition, we find that institutional complexity from the macro environments will result in constraint conflicts in megaproject organizations, whereas the different practices and identities of the project's various micro-actors will create organizational conflicts. We also find that actors within the megaproject organizations choose different responses when faced with different types of institutional complexity. Our approach offers conceptual refinements and a new sensitizing framework for guiding studies of how, in practice, to govern institutional complexity of megaproject organizations.     

基于GIS技术的工程地质环境系统构建及治理分析

针对传统的工程地质环境系统存在的收集图像与原始图像同向性较低的问题,以下开展了基于GIS技术的工程地质环境系统的构建研究。采用设计对比实验的方式验证该系统在实际应用过程中,可提升收集图像与原始图像的同向程度。     

Governance assessment of UAV implementation in Kenyan land administration system

The ‘fit-for-purpose’ (FFP) approach was developed to respond to the challenges that the creation of a sustainable land administration system (LAS) faces. FFP has proved its value in integrating technological innovations such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in LAS. Technological innovations need to consider the governance context when being implemented. Understanding the relevance of the FFP approach and acknowledging the importance of the governance context, this research applies the ‘Fit-for-purpose governance assessment framework’ (FGAF). FGAF helps to understand the challenges that the implementation of UAVs can face in the LAS in Kenya. This governance assessment is based on 16 semi-structured in-depth interviews, three one-day workshops with local stakeholders and UAVs pilot studies to test the technology. The findings suggest that there are major and minor challenges concerning different attributes of FFP qualities. The governance context across counties is fragmented with a high degree of uncertainty and uneven capacity conditions. There are overlapping responsibilities and trust issues among the different actors. Participation of private and non-governmental actors is limited. Yet, steps have been taken toward the adoption of innovative approaches. Although financial resources are limited, the diversity of local and international stakeholders can work as a leverage point to support the implementation of UAVs in the mid and long-term.     

我国城市规划中NGO的发展与思考

目前在我国城市规划领域,对于管治的研究集中于理论和政府层面上的探讨,而对政府合作伙伴—NGO(Non-Governmen-talOrganizations)缺乏关注。通过对西方城市规划中NGO理论与实践的研究,指出中国城市规划NGO的发展状况,思考了其面临的困境,就我国城市规划中如何促进NGO的论题,从法律支持、制度支持、经济支持、合理引导几个方面提出了一些初步的建议。     

新时期我国都市圈治理的新逻辑与变革方向探讨

20世纪末以来,我国多地开始了都市圈治理的探索实践,随着国家提出培育发展现代化都市圈,都市圈正式成为国家治理体系中重要的调控单元。作为城镇化战略、区域发展战略和乡村振兴战略叠加的重要地域空间,新时期都市圈的治理创新是一项重要的实践课题。文章回顾了过去我国都市圈治理的主要做法与瓶颈制约,借鉴国际都市圈治理的典型经验,探讨我国都市圈治理的新逻辑和新方向,提出新时期都市圈治理应遵循“平等协商、同城发展、互利共赢”的逻辑,创新规划理念与方法,建立全方位协调机制;国家应以同城化发展为目标,积极推动相关立法工作和统计制度改革,开展都市圈发展综合试点研究与实践。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情背景下社区防疫规划和治理体系研究

2020年新春前后的新型冠状病毒疫情给全中国乃至全球公共卫生安全带来巨大冲击,社区成为防疫工作的前沿阵地。文章从社区规划、防控行动和治理体系三方面总结了中国当前社区防疫工作中的主要问题,基于社区调研和国内外相关经验,对社区防疫规划和治理体系提出相关改进建议,包括推进社区命运共同体建设、完善基于社区生活圈的防疫体系规划、聚焦以健康社区为核心理念的社区赋能、依托智慧社区强化风险预警和精准服务以及共建社区健康协同治理网络。     

Operationalizing governance categories of projects

This study operationalizes an existing concept for the categorization of governance approaches for projects. For that the concept's four governance paradigms, based on the overlay of the shareholder–stakeholder orientation with the behavior–outcome control of a project's parent organization are measured. The measurement dimensions were derived from the intersection of governance and organization theory with project management theory, thereby addressing those areas of corporate governance and organizational control that extend into projects. The application of the measurement construct, its validity and reliability are tested through a world-wide questionnaire with 478 responses. Analysis of the responses shows the differences in governance structures for projects by country, project size, and project type. The results are important for managers developing governance structures and academics developing governance theories.