Effect of phosphogypsum on saline-alkalinity and aggregate stability of bauxite residue

A column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum (PG) on the saline- alkalinity, and aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Results showed that: with increasing leaching time, the concentrations of saline-alkali ions decreased while the concentration increased in bauxite residue leachate; compared with CK (control group) treatment, pH, electric conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable Na⁺ content of bauxite residue were reduced following PG treatment; average particle sizes in aggregates following CK and PG treatments were determined to be 155 and 193 nm, respectively. SR-μCT test results also confirmed that bauxite residue following PG treatment acquired larger aggregates and larger pore diameter. These results indicate that the PG treatment could significantly modulate the saline-alkalinity, and simultaneously enhance aggregate stability of bauxite residue, which provides a facile approach to reclaim bauxite residue disposal areas.     

A comparative study on the effect of carbon-based and ceramic additives on the properties of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites for high temperature applications

Ablative composites have been in use for thermal protection of space vehicles for decades. Carbon-phenolic composites have proven to perform exceptionally well in these applications. However with development in aerospace industry their performance needs improvement. In this field, different carbon-based and ceramic additives have been introduced into ablative composite systems. This review article gives a comparative analysis of researches done in this field in the recent past. Density, ablative, thermal and mechanical properties of ablative composites with different ultra-high temperature ceramic particles i.e. ZrSi₂, Cenosphere, nano-SiO₂, BN etc. and carbon-based nanoparticles i.e. CNTs, nano-Diamonds, Graphene oxide etc. used as additives, have been compared and discussed. Emphasis is put on carbon-phenolic composite systems although some epoxy matrix systems have also been discussed for comparison.     

渣油催化临氢热转化钼铁双金属催化剂的研究

Replacement of precious single metal catalysts with cost-effective, highly-dispersed composite catalysts for catalytic hydrothermal conversion of residue holds tremendous promise for the residue upgrading technologies. Organic metals were added to the feed as the oil-soluble precursors, and transformed into the catalytic active phases in this work. Physical properties and structures of the composite catalysts had been investigated by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The composite catalysts were found to be highly efficient in the catalytic hydrothermal conversion of both model compound and residue. Increased metal dispersion and synergistic effects of two metals played indispensable roles in such catalytic system. Results showed that under the test conditions in the article, the catalyst had the best catalytic performance when the mass ratio of molybdenum to iron was 1.5.     

分光光度法和光度滴定法联合测定湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液中锌钴镍

湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液中含有高浓度的Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺,用分光光度法测定Co²⁺和Ni²⁺时,Fe²⁺-EDTA会严重干扰Co²⁺和Ni²⁺的测定;在用光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺和Co²⁺合量时,Ni²⁺对二甲酚橙指示剂具有封闭作用,Mn²⁺亦与EDTA螯合,导致滴定结果偏高。为消除Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺对Zn²⁺、Co²⁺和Ni²⁺测定的干扰,实验进行氧化分离Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺预处理,在NaAc/Hac缓冲体系下,以EDTA作显色剂用分光光度法测定Co²⁺、Ni²⁺。在波长466nm处,Co²⁺的线性范围为50~500mg/L时与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²为0.9992;在384nm处,Ni²⁺的线性范围为50~500mg/L时与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²为0.9998。根据分光光度法测出Ni²⁺物质的量,加入1.1倍的丁二酮肟以除去Ni²⁺,用二甲酚橙为指示剂,EDTA鳌合-光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺、Co²⁺合量,扣减Co²⁺含量得出Zn²⁺含量。选取4个锌湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液实际样品,按照实验方法中的分光光度法测定Co²⁺和Ni²⁺,光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺、Co²⁺合量,Zn²⁺、Co²⁺和Ni²⁺测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均不大于0.70%,加标回收率分别为99.59%~100.41%、99.69%~100.64%、99.92%~100.08%。     

红外光谱技术在红枣农药残留检测中的研究进展

红枣是新疆特色林果的支柱产业,随着栽培面积的不断扩大,由于栽培生态的不同和病虫害的增加,致使农药的使用也越来越多,农药的滥用、误用、超量使用等不规范使用会导致红枣质量安全问题逐渐增多。基于红枣质量安全的关注及红枣中农药残留快速检测的需求,因红外光谱技术简单、快捷、经济、无损的特点,近年来国内外学者利用红外光谱技术对农产品中农药残留检测的可行性进行研究,验证红外光谱技术可用于农产品中农药残留检测分析,结合数据处理方法,化学计量学方法等可建立定性、定量分析检测模型。本文概述近年来红枣中农药的残留和检测现状以及红外光谱技术在农药残留检测相关领域的研究进展,并对红外光谱技术在农药残留检测中的应用发展进行展望。     

表面增强拉曼光谱在茶叶质量安全检测和品质分析中的应用

拉曼光谱特别是表面增强拉曼光谱(surface enhanced Raman scattering, SERS)是一种基于光的非弹性散射的光谱技术,具有实时、快速等特点,是一种很好的检测茶叶质量安全和品质分析的方法。本文介绍了拉曼光谱及SERS技术在茶叶农药残留、重金属和真菌毒素等质量安全检测方面的应用,以及在茶叶理化成分检测和茶叶种类分析等茶叶品质分析上的研究进展。     

超声波辅助酶法提取地瓜渣中不可溶性膳食纤维工艺研究

以地瓜渣为原料,在单因素的基础上,选取超声功率、酶解时间、超声温度、加酶量四个因素,以地瓜渣不溶性膳食纤维提取率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化超声波辅助酶法提取地瓜渣膳食纤维的工艺条件。结果表明:地瓜渣中不可溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF)提取的最佳工艺条件为:超声功率60 W,酶解时间50 min,超声温度50℃,加酶量0.6%,此时IDF提取率为68.98%,与模型的预期值69.05%基本相符,表明实测值与理论值之间拟合度良好。产品为淡黄色,地瓜渣不溶性膳食纤维持水力和持油力为0.897g/g和0.574g/g。     

豆粕中溶剂残留检测方法的研究

通过研究基准豆粕的制作方法和标样、样品前处理影响因素,建立一种能准确测定豆粕中溶剂残留量的方法。结果表明:制作基准豆粕时,加入适量水,有助于残留的有机溶剂充分挥发,得到合格的基准豆粕;标样结果稳定性与加水量关系不大,选择标样与样品的加热平衡温度均为120℃,加热平衡时间均为120 min,加水量均为200μL(3 g豆粕),样品重复性试验的精密度为0~4. 5%。对相同样品,采用本试验方法的测定结果较国标方法的高,更能准确反映豆粕的质量情况。