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1.
The effects of a rural roads programme depend on labour mobility, how the programme is financed, and agglomeration economies. If financed by a rural poll tax and cross-price effects and agglomeration economies are sufficiently small, the wage will rise, with some return migration. Taxes on trade act as countervailing distortions, yielding urban households some relief. Rural-urban commuting promotes the exploitation of agglomeration economies; taxes on international trade are then inferior to a poll tax. The change in the value, at producer prices, of the rural sector's net supply vector can be a poor measure of the programme's social profitability.  相似文献   
2.
空气源热泵结霜过程会恶化机组的实际运行性能,重霜工况下尤为严重,发展抑霜型空气源热泵是保障其高效适用和良性发展的关键。本文依托四川省康定市的某住宅示范工程,开展抑霜型空气源热泵和常规型空气源热泵的现场实测研究,研究抑霜型空气源热泵实际应用中的抑霜、制热性能表现,并进行技术经济性分析。结果表明:抑霜型空气源热泵抑霜效果显著,制热性能得到显著改善,能效提升达到21%~37.3%,费用年值比常规空气源热泵降低了13%,1年左右即可回收追加的投资,具有更好的技术经济性,有助于空气源热泵技术在严重结霜气候区域的高效应用。  相似文献   
3.
This study was conducted to estimate the potential for green H2 in Paraguay. A total production potential of 22.5 × 106 tons/year was obtained with a main contribution (93.34%) from solar photovoltaic. The greatest potential for producing H2 from solar and wind resources is in the Western region, and from hydro resources is in the Eastern region of the country. Two end-uses of green H2 were assessed: (1) automotive transportation, replacing gasoline and diesel; and (2) residential energy, replacing firewood and LPG for cooking in households across the country. In 16 of the 17 departments, green H2 is able to replace the overall consumption of gasoline and diesel, as well as firewood and LPG. Finally, energy service cost (mobility), environmental aspects and CO2 emissions were considered for three urban mobility technologies for the Metropolitan Area of Asunción. Results show that the mobility cost of fuel cell hybrid electric buses is still very high in comparison to diesel buses and battery electric buses. However, when a longer driving range is required, fuel cell hybrid electric buses could become a viable alternative in the long term. From an environmental point of view, green H2 used in fuel cell hybrid electric buses has the potential to save about 96% of CO2 emissions in comparison to diesel buses. It is concluded that the estimated green H2 production potential favors the incorporation of the Hydrogen Economy in Paraguay.  相似文献   
4.
对一台增压中冷柴油机进行改装,使其采用柴油-甲醇组合燃烧(Diesel-Methanol Compound Combustion,DMCC)方式运行。发动机台架以及装机运行试验的结果表明:发动机的双燃料模式平稳、可靠,动力性与原纯柴油相同,调速特性满足机组使用要求;与纯柴油相比,双燃料模式的燃料经济性在中高负荷时显著提升,在低负荷时较低;双燃料模式下的碳排放比在纯柴油工况下的碳排放降低约11.4%,PM和NOx排放明显低于纯柴油模式,NOx排放需要进一步优化;全工况下CO和HC排放量均大幅增加,所以为满足法规需要加装后处理系统;按照机组视在功率为300 kW运行时,双燃料模式的燃料经济性改善14.5%,大幅度降低发电成本。  相似文献   
5.
周边环境复杂且需超深止水的深基坑围护结构大多采用地下连续墙围护体系,但由于其需重型机械设备施工且周期较长,对于施工现场场地条件局促、工期紧的工程项目,则无法适用。TRD-排桩工法围护体系可弥补地下连续墙围护体系局限性。本文依托工程实例对TRD-排桩工法围护体系的施工技术、变形控制效果和技术经济性进行研究。  相似文献   
6.
马有福  王梓文  吕俊复 《化工进展》2022,41(5):2340-2347
基于热风再循环回收烟气余热的机炉耦合发电(HAR)系统具有高效节能、受热面投资少、运行安全性高等优点。为解决其在全负荷范围安全又高效运行的问题,本文以某600MW烟煤机组为例,利用Ebsilon软件对HAR系统进行变负荷仿真研究。结果表明:烟气余热回收系统的排烟温度随负荷减小而降低,使锅炉空气预热器在低负荷下面临严重低温腐蚀风险;在低负荷下,现有的HAR系统难以通过调节高压、低压省煤器吸热量控制空气预热器冷端金属温度从而控制低温腐蚀;为在全负荷范围保证HAR系统内受热面安全可靠运行,提出了在余热回收系统中增设热量旁通管的HAR优化系统;在50%~100%热耗率验收工况(THA)负荷范围,应用该系统可使实例机组的标煤煤耗降低1.94~3.32g/(kW·h),在全负荷范围保持显著节能效益。为进一步推进该技术付诸应用,文章提出了HAR优化系统的运行控制方法。  相似文献   
7.
The extraction of raw materials is associated with energy input and CO2 emissions. What is obvious for extraction from mining, however, also applies to recycling. Mostly, recycling is preferred for reasons of climate protection or because of the geological scarcity of raw materials, which is controversially discussed. While in mining, the declining ore grade is a driver for the energy demand, in case of recycling it is the dissipation of materials into products or waste. As concentration decreases, the effort required also increases disproportionately. The “closing the loop” metaphor of Circular Economy is therefore inappropriate in its stricter meaning. It is rather about optimizing the overall system and finding the optimal recycling rate. However, first, it must be clarified what the political goals for Circular Economy are.  相似文献   
8.
Within a circular economy approach, this study investigates the environmental impact of lightweight aggregates (LWAs) produced starting from different mixes of different clays with brewery sludge and cattle bone flour ash (CBA), used as poring and fertilizing agents, respectively. The environmental impact was evaluated by means of release tests, insulation capacity, carbon footprint (CFP), and particulate matter emission during pellet firing. Release tests representative of LWAs realistic application showed very high release of phosphate and satisfactory release of potassium. The thermal insulation of the LWAs was tested by thermal imaging camera and resulted highly variable depending on the composition, with the mix containing CBA performing best. This latter composition leads also to the smallest CO2 equivalent emission, due to the calorific power of CBA, allowing lower consumption of fossil fuels during the LWA production. Finally, total particulate emissions during the thermal treatment resulted similar in terms of mass for all mixes, while differences in terms of particle morphology and composition occurred. Samples containing residue resulted with a quite good release behavior, CFP, and insulation properties, but higher emission of particles, particularly when glass is added.  相似文献   
9.
姚哲 《中国建材科技》2022,31(7):137-139
习近平指出“绝不能以牺牲生态环境为代价换取经济的一时发展”, 低碳经济在中国是重中之重的国家战略。水泥行业产能过剩和高能耗高污染资源消耗型是华新转型实施绿色战略的直接动因和选择,凤凰涅磐,浴火重生,10年来,通过战略转型和不断升级,华新产能扩大到1亿吨,《财富》中国500强排名305位,全年实现营业收入274.66亿元,同比上年增长 31.48%;实现利润总额71.31亿元,再次跻身中国水泥行业前列。华新总裁李叶青说:“华新正脱灰袍穿绿衣,水泥将成为华新未来产业的附属产品,华新在新的百年的目标就是做全球绿色使者,让美好的世界从我们开始!”  相似文献   
10.
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