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1.
A new aqueous slurry-based laminated object manufacturing process for porous ceramics is proposed: firstly, an organic mesh sheet is pre-paved as a pore-forming template before slurry layer scraping; secondly, the 2D pattern is built with laser outline cutting of the dried mesh–ceramic composite layer; finally, the pore structure is formed after degreasing and sintering. Alumina parts with porosities of 51.5 %, round hole diameters of 80 ± 5 μm were fabricated using 70 wt. % solid content slurry and 100 mesh nylon net. Using an organic mesh as the framework and template not only reduces the risk of damage of the green body but also ensures the regularity, uniformity and connectivity of the micron scaled pore network. The layer-by-layer drying method avoids the delamination phenomenon and improves the paving density. The new method can realize the flexible design of the pore structure by using various organic mesh templates.  相似文献   
2.
The organic pollutants in water have been a great environment challenges to human beings, and photocatalytic degradation is an effective method to solve this problem. In this paper, the Rh-loaded cobalt ferrite CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by in situ photodeposition of Rh nanoparticles onto the porous CFO particles as the photocatalysts. After incorporating Rh nanoparticles, the CFO/Rh composite has a higher specific surface area and is more efficient in charge separation than the bare CFO. The photocatalytic efficiency of decomposing Malachite Green (MG) is improved from 70% over the bare CFO to 97% over the optimized CFO/Rh in 60 min. The CFO/Rh sample also demonstrates its durability for the degradation of MG in 5 photocatalytic reaction cycles. Additionally, hydroxyl radicals (?OH) and superoxide radicals (?O2?) are proved to be the crucial reactive species during the photocatalytic degradation of MG with CFO/Rh, evidenced by the active species capture experiments. This work provides a useful approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors for degrading organic dyes.  相似文献   
3.
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as cadmium (Cd)] is becoming a serious global problem due to rapid development of social economy. Iron (Fe), being an important element, has been found effective in enhancing plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the extent to which different levels of Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) modulated the Cd tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), when maintained in artificially Cd spiked regimes. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions for 146 days, by using natural soil, mixed with different levels of CdCl2 [0 (no Cd), 0.5 and 1 mg/kg] together with the exogenous application of FeSO4 at [0 (no Fe), 1.5 and 3 mg/kg] levels to monitor different growth, gaseous exchange characteristics, oxidative stress, antioxidative responses, minerals accumulation, organic acid exudation patterns of O. sativa. Our results depicted that addition of Cd to the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, gaseous exchange parameters, mineral uptake by the plants, sugars (soluble, reducing, and non-reducing sugar) and altered the ultrastructure of chloroplasts, plastoglobuli, mitochondria, and many other cellular organelles in Cd-stressed O. sativa compared to those plants which were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. However, Cd toxicity boosted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the indication of oxidative stress in O. sativa and was also manifested by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and electrolyte leakage to the membrane bounded organelles. Although, activities of various antioxidative enzymes like superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants like phenolics, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin and proline contents increased up to a Cd level of 0.5 mg/kg in the soil but were significantly diminished at the highest Cd level of 1 mg/kg in the soil compared to those plants which were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. The negative impacts of Cd injury were reduced by the application of FeSO4 which increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant enzymes, minerals uptake together with diminished exudation of organic acids as well as oxidative stress indicators in roots and shoots of O. sativa by decreasing Cd retention in different plant parts. These results shed light on the effectiveness of FeSO4 in improving the growth and upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities of O. sativa in response to Cd stress. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of FeSO4-mediated reduction of the toxicity of not only Cd, but possibly also other heavy metals in plants.  相似文献   
4.
In this work, we have elucidated the pH-induced structural evolution of bismuth molybdate photocatalyst based on a hydrothermal synthesis route. With increasing the pH value of precursor solution, pure Bi2MoO6 was synthesized at pH 2–5, Bi2MoO6-Bi4MoO9 mixture was obtained at pH 7–9, pure Bi4MoO9 was obtained at pH 11, and pure α-Bi2O3 was derived at pH 13. The as-derived samples mainly present particle-like shapes but with different particle sizes (except the observation of Bi2MoO6 nanowires in sample S-pH9). The photocatalytic performances between the samples were compared via the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under irradiation of simulated sunlight. The Bi2MoO6 sample synthesized at pH 2 exhibited the highest photodegradation performance (η(30 min) = 89.8 %, kapp = 0.05007 min?1) among the samples. The underlying photocatalytic mechanism and degradation pathways of MB were systematically analyzed. Moreover, the photodegradation performance of the Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst was further evaluated at different acidic-alkaline environments as well as in degrading various color and colorless organic pollutants, which provides an important insight into its practical application.  相似文献   
5.
有机朗肯循环(Organic Rankine Cycle,ORC)可实现中低温热能的有效利用,但其热利用效率仍可进一步提高,而内置换热器的使用可有效提高循环的热利用效率。因此,文章构建了内置换热器ORC系统的热力学模型。研究了当蒸发温度变化时,R600,R601a,R236ea,R245fa,R245ca,R123,R600a,R114和R142b对内置换热器ORC系统性能的影响,并比较了内置换热器ORC系统与传统ORC系统的净输出功率和热效率。结果表明:在最优蒸发温度下,采用R236ea的内置换热器ORC系统净输出功率大于其余工质,为32.40 kW,其比第二最大净输出功率R600a系统相对增大1.16%;采用R601a的内置换热器ORC系统的热效率最大。内置换热器ORC系统的最大净输出功率及热效率均较传统ORC系统显著增大。  相似文献   
6.
In this paper, a salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP) is used to harness the solar energy for hydrogen production through two cycles. The first cycle includes an absorption power cycle (APC), a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, and a thermoelectric generator (TEG) unit; in the second one, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with the zeotropic mixture is used instead of APC. The cycles are analyzed through the thermoeconomic vantage point to discover the effect of key decision variables on the cycles’ performance. Finally, NSGA-II is used to optimize both cycles. The results indicate that employing ORC with zeotropic mixture leads to a better performance in comparison to utilizing APC. For the base mode, unit cost product (UCP), exergy, and energy efficiency when APC is employed are 59.9 $/GJ, 23.73%, and 3.84%, respectively. These amounts are 47.27 $/GJ, 29.48%, and 5.86% if ORC with the zeotropic mixture is utilized. The APC and ORC generators have the highest exergy destruction rate which is equal to 6.18 and 10.91 kW. In both cycles, the highest investment cost is related to the turbine and is 0.8275 $/h and 0.976 $/h for the first and second cycles, respectively. In the optimum state the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, UCP, and H2 production rate of the system enhances 42.44%, 27.54%,15.95%, and 38.24% when ORC with the zeotropic mixture is used. The maximum H2 production is 0.47 kg/h, and is obtained when the mass fraction of R142b, LCZ temperature, pumps pressure ratio, generator bubble point temperature are 0.603, 364.35 K, 2.12, 337.67 K, respectively.  相似文献   
7.
吐格尔明及周缘地区发育多套烃源岩,但主力烃源岩层位与生烃潜力不明确,制约了油气勘探。通过对吐格尔明及周缘地区钻井、地震资料和油气与烃源岩地球化学数据综合分析认为,研究区三叠系—侏罗系自下而上发育4套烃源岩:其中三叠系塔里奇克组(T3t)煤系泥岩厚度薄且分布局限,有机质丰度中等,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,处于成熟—高成熟阶段;侏罗系阳霞组一段(J1y1)湖相泥岩厚度薄、分布稳定,有机质丰度高,有机质类型以Ⅱ1型为主;阳霞组二—四段(J1y2-4)与克孜勒努尔组(J2kz)2套煤系泥岩厚度大、分布稳定,有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅱ2—Ⅲ型为主;侏罗系烃源岩整体处于低熟—成熟阶段。通过烃源岩与油气生物标志物特征分析可知:吐格尔明地区油气主要来自侏罗系烃源岩,该地区南北两翼深部烃源岩生成的油气通过逆冲断裂与三叠系、侏罗系顶面不整合面侧向运移,再经断裂垂向充注阳霞组和克孜勒努尔组,形成2套富油气层,指出克孜勒努尔组和阳霞组为该区下一步油气勘探主力目的层。  相似文献   
8.
近年来, 有机农产品深受消费者的青睐, 然而在经济利益驱动下, 无良商家伪造有机农产品的现象时有发生, 使得有机农产品的真实性问题逐渐成为全球关注的焦点。有机农产品真实性鉴别对确保食品质量安全, 保护合法经营, 重建我国消费者对有机农产品的信任, 完善有机农产品质量监督体系均具有十分重要的意义。稳定同位素技术是用于有机食品真实性鉴别的方法之一, 具有高效、准确、可靠的特点, 已广泛应用于蔬菜、水果、茶叶、葡萄酒、谷物、鸡蛋、肉类、牛奶等。本文在查阅大量有关稳定同位素技术在有机农产品真实性鉴别的相关文献的基础上, 总结了稳定同位素鉴别有机农产品的原理, 系统分析了近几年国内外学者关于稳定同位素技术在植物源性和动物源性有机农产品的研究进展, 并展望了今后稳定同位素在有机农产品真实性鉴别的研究重点和发展方向。  相似文献   
9.
有机质富集受多种因素影响,分析富有机质泥岩发育的控制因素对于页岩油气资源的勘探开发具有重要意义。通过对渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷西南部沙河街组三段(沙三段)中—下亚段(Es3m-l)泥岩岩心样品进行总有机碳含量(TOC)以及主量、微量元素地球化学分析,讨论Es3m-l沉积期古气候、沉积水体环境、沉积速率及古生产力对有机质富集的影响,建立Es3m-l有机质富集模式。结果表明:Es3m-l泥岩有机质丰度较高,TOC含量介于1.05%~6.37%之间;CIAcorr反映整体为温暖湿润的古气候,Es3l下部相对干旱,Es3l中上部到Es3m气候变得更加温暖湿润;B含量和B/Ga值反映整体盐度较低,为淡水—半咸水,Es3l中上部到Es3m水体盐度变大;Mo-U协变模式和Corg/P摩尔比反映Es3m-l底水保存条件存在波动,整体为弱氧化—还原环境;Ti/Al、K/Al、Zr/Al表明Es3m-l沉积期陆源碎屑输入较强,具有较高的沉积速率,Es3l下部到Es3m沉积速率降低;古生产力定量恢复表明Es3m-l沉积期湖泊古生产力整体较高。渤中凹陷西南部Es3m-l泥岩有机质的富集是古气候、保存条件、沉积速率及古生产力共同作用的结果。  相似文献   
10.
泥页岩有机质碳含量(TOC)是页岩油气评价的重要参数之一。然而,受有机质热演化生排烃影响,利用现今TOC评价与预测页岩油气资源时会出现一定的偏差。因此,进行烃源岩原始有机碳恢复对油气资源评价具有重要意义。木里坳陷位于南祁连盆地东北部,陆相中侏罗统广泛分布。中侏罗统为一套湖泊—三角洲相沉积的细粒碎屑岩,发育多套厚层富有机质暗色泥页岩,生烃潜力巨大。该层段内油气资源丰富,页岩有机质从低成熟到高成熟阶段均有分布,为原始有机碳含量的恢复提供了必要条件。以木里坳陷中侏罗统富有机质页岩为研究对象,利用岩石热解数据,采用物质平衡法有机碳恢复模型,对中侏罗统页岩原始有机碳含量进行了恢复。结果表明,中侏罗统页岩原始TOC含量与现今TOC含量的比值介于1.04~1.62之间,且随着热演化程度增高,比值变大。现今TOC含量与有机质孔隙发育之间没有必然的联系,然而,原始TOC含量与现今TOC含量之间的比值可以间接判断页岩有机质微孔隙发育情况。木里坳陷侏罗系页岩有机质类型以Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型为主,热演化参数(Tmax)大于440 ℃时,烃类转化率和排烃率都大于40%。相比样品矿物(石英和黏土矿物)含量、Tmax参数和现今TOC含量,原始TOC含量与页岩兰氏体积拟合性更好,结合热解参数Tmax,可以更好地判断页岩油气的吸附能力。因此,开展木里坳陷中侏罗统烃源岩原始有机碳含量恢复的研究,可以为木里坳陷烃源岩评价提供理论基础;同时对木里坳陷油气资源勘探提供新的思路。  相似文献   
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