Fractal characterization for the mining crack evolution process of overlying strata based on microseismic monitoring technology

In order to study the evolution laws during the development process of the coal face overburden rock mining-induced fissure,we studied the process of evolution of overburden rock mining-induced fissures and dynamically quantitatively described its fractal laws,based on the high-precision microseismic monitoring method and the nonlinear Fractal Geometry Theory.The results show that:the overburden rock mining-induced fissure fractal dimension experiences two periodic change processes with the coal face advance,namely a Small→ Big→ Small process,which tends to be stable;the functional relationship between the extraction step distance and the overburden rock mining-induced fissure fractal dimension is a cubic curve.The results suggest that the fractal dimension reflects the evolution characteristics of the overburden rock mining-induced fissure,which can be used as an evaluation index of the stability of the overburden rock strata,and it provides theoretical guidance for stability analysis of the overburden rock strata,goaf roof control and the support movements in the mining face.     

A Study on Dual-Load-Zone Model of Overlying Strata and Evolution Law of Mining Stress

The changeable structure and movement law of overlying strata are the main contributor to the change of mining stress. Starting from the relevant theory of key stratum and particularly based on the theory of mine ground pressure and strata control, this research proposed a new solution to mining stress problems by establishing a dual-load-zone stratum structural model. Elastic foundation beam theory was used to solve the stress of overlying strata of the dual-load-zones with superposition method, which revised the traditional calculation method of mining stress. The abnormal increase of lead abutment pressure in the mining area was explained effectively, through which the evolution law of mining stress in the case of hard rock was obtained. The results indicate that mining stress experiences a drastic change within the range of 50 m ahead of the coal wall due to the collapse of main roof; under the influence of main key stratum and inferior key strata, the influence range of lead abutment pressure is extended up to approximately 120 m in the working face; this remarkable increase can be attributed to the excessive length of sagging zone. Results from both the dual-load-zone model experiment and field measurement demonstrate high consistency. The model can predict the influence range of abutment pressure effectively and thus guide the safety production of mining.     

岩盐溶腔覆岩沉降和变形规律的研究

基于数理统计和地层控制等基础理论,对岩盐水溶开采中,岩盐溶腔覆岩的移动规律进行了研究,得到了岩盐溶腔顶板岩层中任一点处下沉值的表达式及溶腔中点不同深度处覆岩的沉降及变形公式,计算结果与所做相似物理模拟研究之结果和生产实际情况吻合较好     

上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期厘定方法及其应用

为研究含油气盆地油源断裂带附近不同储盖组合的油气富集规律,在上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期研究的基础上,通过确定油源断裂活动时期、源岩排烃时期和区域性泥岩盖层渗漏时期,组合三者建立了一套上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期的厘定方法。实例应用结果表明：渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷上覆沙一下亚段储盖组合南大港断裂输导油气时期为馆陶组至明化镇组沉积时期,有利于油气在沙一下亚段聚集成藏;上覆东三段储盖组合南大港断裂输导油气时期为明化镇组沉积中期至末期,不利于油气在东三段聚集成藏;上覆馆陶组储盖组合南大港断裂输导油气时期为零,无油气在馆陶组聚集成藏。这与南大港断裂附近目前已发现油气在沙一下亚段相对较多,东三段相对较少和馆陶组无相吻合,表明该方法用于厘定上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期是可行的。     

漳村煤矿3~#煤层瓦斯赋存特征分析

掌握煤层瓦斯的赋存特征,是有效防治瓦斯灾害和煤层气资源合理开发利用的前提和科学依据。为了研究漳村煤矿3#煤层的瓦斯赋存特征,运用瓦斯赋存构造逐级控制理论,并结合实测的煤层瓦斯含量,分析了地质构造对瓦斯赋存的控制作用,以及顶底板、埋深等地质因素对瓦斯赋存的影响,认为上覆基岩厚度是影响漳村煤矿3#煤层瓦斯赋存的主控因素,煤层瓦斯含量随上覆基岩厚度增加而明显增大,以此绘制了瓦斯含量趋势等值线,更加直观的反映瓦斯赋存特征。     

煤层开采覆岩变形与破坏试验研究

顶底板赋存含水层的煤系地层在采煤影响下可能因导水裂隙的发育而导致突水危险。采用平面模拟的方法，通过实验室相似模拟试验，对某井田采煤过程中覆岩变形与破坏规律进行了模拟试验研究，获得了上覆岩层应力的分布以及随开采面推进的发展规律，结果表明，在本模拟条件下煤层开采导致上部覆岩破裂带触及上部含水层，因此需采取必要措施，以确保安全生产。     

Contribution of Streptomyces in sediment to earthy odor in the overlying water in Xionghe Reservoir, China

Musty and earthy odors frequently characterize the source water and fish of the Xionghe Reservoir in China. Although odorous compounds and odor-producing cyanobacteria have been analyzed in surface water, potential odorants in sediments and their contribution to the water body have remained uninvestigated. In this study, we examined the odorous compounds and possible odor-producers in the sediments and overlying water of Xionghe Reservoir from November 2007 to October 2008. High concentrations of geosmin (up to 5280.1 ng kg⁻¹ dw⁻¹) were detected in sediments, and eight strains of Streptomyces isolated from sediments were verified as producers of geosmin and/or 2-MIB in M liquid medium by HSPME-GC-MS. Geosmin concentrations in the overlying water were correlated with those in the sediments (r = 0.838, p < 0.05). In vitro studies showed that geosmin in the overlying water was released from the sediment, and that within 12 days the amount released from the sediment was 21.4–51.4%. Concentrations of geosmin in sediments were positively correlated with organic matter (r = 0.642, p < 0.01), total nitrogen (r = 0.606, p < 0.01) and Chl a (r = 0.674, p < 0.01), and were negatively associated with temperature (r = −0.425, p < 0.05). This study indicates that odorous compounds that are released from sediments should be taken into account when assessing the sources of these odorants in waters.     

浅埋工作面矿山压力显现规律模拟研究

本文利用SFPA^2D岩石破断过程分析系统软件，对神府东胜矿区活鸡兔煤矿浅埋煤层首产工作面上覆岩层在采动后的活动规律进行了动态仿真模拟，并根据模拟结果，分析了随着工作面采动和推进，上覆岩层的破断过程、特征与来压特点。     

Influence of backfilling rate on the stability of the “backfilling body-immediate roof” cooperative bearing structure

To reduce the cost of backfilling coal mining and utilize the underground space of coal mines, a new backfilling mining method with low backfilling rate called constructional backfilling coal mining (CBCM) is proposed. The “backfilling body-immediate roof” cooperative bearing structure of CBCM is analyzed by establishing the model of the medium thick plate on an elastic foundation. The influence of the backfilling rate on the stability of overlying strata is analyzed by the numerical simulation experiment. The control effect of CBCM is verified by a physic similar simulation test. The economic benefit of CBCM is analyzed. The conclusions are: the deformation characteristics of the immediate roof and critical backfilling spacing in CBCM can be analyzed based on the Hu Haichang’s theory. Exerting the bearing capacity of the immediate roof is beneficial to the stability of the overlying strata. The CBCM has a good control effect on the overburden in Xinyang Mine when the backfilling rate is lower than 25%. The backfilling cost of per ton coal is 37.39 yuan/t when the backfilling rate is 13.7%, with a decrease rate of 56.63% than the full-filling. The research results can provide theoretical support for the application of CBCM in coal mining.     

Cr-B-Ni-W-V系堆焊合金的组织性能及耐磨机理

采用碳弧堆焊方法,通过堆焊层中合金元素的设计,成功研制了一种适用于抗磨料磨损条件下的堆焊合金,合金系统为Cr-B-Ni-W-V.该堆焊合金的抗磨料磨损性能很优异.系统地研究了Cr、B、W、V等合金元素提高堆焊层抗磨料磨损的能力及其对堆焊层组织性能的影响规律和耐磨机理,并最终确定了各合金元素的最佳质量分数.