Shear and mode II fracture of PUR foams

Polyurethane (PUR) foam materials are widely used as cores in sandwich composites, for packing and cushioning. They are made of interconnected networks of solid struts and cell walls incorporating voids with entrapped gas. The main characteristics of foams are lightweight, high porosity, high crushability, and good energy absorption capacity. Fracture toughness in mixed mode loading is of particular interest because foam cracking weakens the structure’s capacity for carrying loads.Present paper assesses the shear elastic (shear modulus) and mechanical (shear strength) properties of polyurethane foams. Also, three different types of specimens were used to determine mode I and mode II fracture toughness. The shear modulus, shear strength and fracture toughness increases with increasing foam density. Also the effect of loading direction and loading speed is investigated. The authors propose a micromechanical model to estimate fracture toughness based on the tensile strength of the solid material and the topology of the cellular structure.     

Composites prepared from polyurethanes modified with silicone-acrylic nanopowders

Linear polyurethanes were obtained the reaction of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate with poly(ɛ-caprolactone)diol and butane-1,4-diol. Synthesis was carried out in the presence of 1, 3 and 5 wt.% of polydimethylsiloxane-poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell nanopowder. Solutions of resulting polyurethanes were cast on PTFE plates and dried at 140 °C to form films. The presence of structures originating from modifier was confirmed by IR and XPS spectroscopy. DSC analysis revealed the presence of crystalline phase in all samples. Contact angles were determined using standard fluids and surface free energy parameters were calculated. The results of these investigations proved that modification with silicone-acrylic nanopowder resulted in significant increase in hydrophobicity of polyurethane surfaces Changes in surface characteristics were also reflected in surface images obtained in AFM studies. It is suggested that the polyurethane composites obtained in this study can be tested as coatings for biomedical applications.     

Effect of structure on the properties of polyurethanes based on aromatic cardanol-based polyols prepared by thiol-ene coupling

Industrial-grade cardanol and 2-mercaptoethanol were reacted to generate hydroxyl-functionalized cardanol by UV, free-radical-initiated thiol-ene coupling between the double bond moieties of the cardanol long carbon side chain and thiol functional groups. The average hydroxyl number of the hydroxyl-functionalized cardanol was controlled by reaction time, with the hydroxyl values of this ranging within 168–201 mg KOH g⁻¹. This cardanol was then used as a polyol to prepare cardanol-based polyurethane with hexamethylene diisocyanate and a NCO/OH ratio of 1. To compare the effect of cardanol-based polyols with the properties of cardanol-based polyurethane, cardanol modified with 10-undecylenate was used as a raw material to prepare cardanol-based polyols, including the long carbon chain of 10-undecylenate. All properties were examined, and data revealed that cardanol-based polyols including this long carbon chain can improve the hydrophobic and mechanic properties of the cardanol-based polyurethane.     

一种医用防护服面料的选择及制备方法

采用浸轧-涂层整理方法制备一种塔夫绸医用防护服面料,并探讨防水剂种类、防水剂用量、消光粉OK-412对涂层后织物性能的影响。结果表明:当防水剂FD-8用量为3.0%,消光粉OK-412用量为2.0%时,整理后的织物各项指标较优:静水压>10.00 k Pa,透湿量>2500 g/(m²·24 h),沾水>4级,抗静电性≤0.6μC/件,抗合成血液穿透性>4级,可用于医用防护服面料。     

Materialwissenschaftliche Analyse des Abbindeverhaltens von Holzklebstoffen am Beispiel von 1K-PUR

The curing of wood adhesives has so far been evaluated on a basis of parameters, which offer process optimization only to a small degree. However, the curing becomes analyzable in detail by using oscillation measurements and a test setup adapted to the bonding process. With time sweep measurements, the adhesion process can be divided into characteristic ranges of molecular and structural processes. This method is presented and analyzed using a polyurethane prepolymer for joining wood-based materials.     

Steel slag waste combined with melamine pyrophosphate as a flame retardant for rigid polyurethane foams

To explore the potential application of industrial waste, steel slag powder in combination with melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) was adopted to improve the flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The incorporation of steel slag slightly reduced the thermal conductivity of the resulting flame-retardant RPUF samples. The addition of MPP and/or steel slag did not significantly alter the thermal stability in terms of T_-10% and T_max but did obviously increase the T_-50% value, suggesting the improved thermal resistance of the residues. The coaddition of MPP and steel slag into RPUF resulted in higher LOI values and lower peak heat release rates than the samples incorporating either MPP or steel slag alone. The superior flame retardancy could be attributed to MPP promoting char formation, which then acted as a barrier at the beginning of RPUF thermal decomposition; simultaneously, the thermally stable inorganics in the steel slag powder strengthened the thermal resistance of this char layer.     

基于水性聚氨酯超纤革开纤工艺研究进展

超细纤维聚氨酯合成革是近年发展起来的新一代合成革。目前,生产超纤革含浸所用的树脂几乎全部为溶剂型聚氨酯,但大量有机溶剂的使用造成了环境污染和资源浪费,以水性聚氨酯替代溶剂型聚氨酯来含浸并生产超纤革势在必行,本文综述了基于水性聚氨酯超纤革开纤工艺研究进展,为基于水性聚氨酯超纤革的开纤工艺提供科学思路。     

聚氨酯筛板的设计及试验研究

介绍了聚氨酯筛板的孔形设计及现场使用情况，试验证明了这种筛板孔形对提高筛分效率、延长筛板寿命是十分理想的。     

聚氨酯弹性体筛板在圆振动筛的应用试验

介绍了聚氨酯弹性体筛板在棒磨山铁矿重型振动筛上的应用试验过程，分析了不同形式筛板结构的试验结果，并从使用性能和成本的角度进行比较，提出了预张紧筛板结构在重型振动筛上有很高的应用推广价值。     

聚氨酯防水涂料的发展

聚氨酯涂料因其优异的防水性能,已广泛应用于建筑领域。介绍了我国聚氨酯防水涂料的现状。简单总结了聚氨酯防水涂料组成、分类和今后的发展趋势。