功能性小麦品种的概念、类别和发展前景（网络首发、推荐阅读）

结合全球倡导的营养导向型农业和功能性食品的内容，首次提出“功能性小麦品种”的概念，将其定义为“含有对人体健康有益的活性成分，可调节人体有益代谢，能给人体健康带来某种益处或满足特定人群的特殊需求，同时可以作为日常食物的口感正常、无毒副作用的小麦品种类型”；结合疫情警示和我国进入后工业时代后，人们需求必将由“吃得饱”、“吃得好”向“吃得健康”转变，因而提出继高产品种、优质品种之后培育“功能性小麦品种”的育种目标。根据多年关于小麦淀粉、蛋白、酯类和其他成分的功能研究结果，介绍新育成的“麦黄酮”、“高色素”、“高抗性淀粉”、“富锌”、“低醇溶蛋白”和“低植酸”等功能性小麦新品种（系）的营养特性和农艺产量状况；根据“健康中国2030”规划等国家战略，进行“功能性品种培育是解决我国功能性食品‘卡脖子’的关键基础，一种功能性品种可以形成一类功能性食品，多种功能性品种可以形成我国功能性面制品产业，推动我国整个食品工业的发展”的前景展望；根据功能性品种及其食品的稳定性和可靠性是产品和市场的“生命线”，从对消费者负责的高度，提出关于“功能性农作物品种审定导向和组建功能性成分检测机构；编制有关功能性品种和食品的国家或行业标准，设立功能性食品和功能性农作物品种的商业标志，保证我国功能性农作物品种及其食品健康发展”等方面的具体建议。     

对“垃圾衍生燃料”RDF之探析

当前,我国水泥工业在可燃废弃物应用技术方面都还处于一家一户、自制自用、效率极低的初级阶段。发达国家的替代燃料:“垃圾衍生燃料”RDF、“固体回收燃料”SRF、“次煤”Subcoal和“纸塑垃圾衍生燃料”RPF制成的原材料都是可燃废弃物,只是处理工艺技术不同或者由垃圾中分拣出的可燃废弃物不同,制成颗粒状衍生燃料的品质不同,这些都可以替代部分甚或替代全部化石燃料在水泥窑炉中应用。我国大力发展“替代燃料”产业,有助于水泥工业消纳更多的“可燃废弃物”,为改善环境尤其是城镇环境和面貌,为我国的节能减排和绿色高质量发展发挥更大的作用。     

Patterns in environmental priorities revealed through government open data portals

The ways in which environmental priorities are framed are varied and influenced by political forces. One technological advance--the proliferation of government open data portals (ODPs)--has the potential to improve governance through facilitating access to data. Yet it is also known that the data hosted on ODPs may simply reflect the goals and interests of multiple levels of political power. In this article, I use traditional statistical correlation and regression techniques along with newer natural language processing and machine learning algorithms to analyze the corpus of datasets hosted on government ODPs (total: 49,066) to extract patterns that relate scales of governance and political liberalism/conservatism to the priorities and meaning attached to environmental issues. I find that state-level and municipal-level ODPs host different categories of environmental datasets, with municipal-level ODPs generally hosting more datasets pertaining to services and amenities and state-level ODPs hosting more datasets pertaining to resource protection and extraction. Stronger trends were observed for the influences of political conservatism/liberalism among state-level ODPs than for municipal-level ODPs.     

肇庆市固体废物产业发展方向探索

本文以肇庆市固体废物产业发展为实例,阐明全市固体废物产业发展现状以及发展方向,并提出了相应的策略。     

Statistical optimization of operating parameters of microbial electrolysis cell treating dairy industry wastewater using quadratic model to enhance energy generation

The performance of Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is affected by several operating conditions. Therefore, in the present study, an optimization study was done to determine the working efficiency of MEC in terms of COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal, hydrogen and current generation. Optimization was carried out using a quadratic mathematical model of response surface methodology (RSM). Thirteen sets of experimental runs were performed to optimize the applied voltage and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of single chambered batch fed MEC operated with dairy industry wastewater. The operating conditions (i.e) an applied voltage of 0.8 V and HRT of 2 days that showed a maximum COD removal response was chosen for further studies. The MEC operated at optimized condition (HRT- 2 days and applied voltage- 0.8 V) showed a COD removal efficiency of 95 ± 2%, hydrogen generation of 32 ± 5 mL/L/d, Power density of 152 mW/cm² and current generation of 19 mA. The results of the study implied that RSM, with its high degree of accuracy can be a reliable tool for optimizing the process of wastewater treatment. Also, dairy industry wastewater can be considered to be a potential source to generate hydrogen and energy through MEC at short HRT.     

Cold plasma for the disinfection of industrial food-contact surfaces: An overview of current status and opportunities

Food safety is the primary goal for food and drink manufacturers. Cleaning and disinfection practices applied to the processing environment are vital to maintain this safety; yet, current approaches can incur costly downtime and the potential for microorganisms to grow and establish, if not effectively removed. For that reason, manufacturers are seeking nonthermal, online, and continuous disinfection processes to control the microbial levels within the processing environment. One such emerging technique, with great potential, is cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP). This review presents the latest advances and challenges associated with CAP-based technologies for the decontamination of surfaces and equipment found within the food-processing environment. It provides a detailed overview of the technology and a comprehensive analysis of the many CAP-based antimicrobial studies on food-contact surfaces and materials. As CAP is considered an emerging technique, many of the recent studies are still in the preliminary stages, with results obtained under widely different conditions. This lack of cohesive information and an inability to directly compare CAP systems has greatly impeded technological development. The review further explores the challenge of scaling CAP technology to meet industry needs, considering aspects such as regulatory constraints, environmental credentials, and cost of use. Finally, a discussion is presented on the future outlook for CAP technology in this area, identifying key challenges that must be addressed to promote industry uptake.     

产业链视角下新冠疫情对我国皮革制造业发展的影响研究

为妥善应对疫情对我国皮革制造业造成的冲击,应从稳定产业链结构出发,通过升级自身制造水平,确保我国皮革产业在全球产业链的重构过程中维持原有不可替代性。文章从疫情对产业链的影响出发,分析我国皮革行业经济运行情况与产业链阶段性变化,并得出皮革产业在限制性条件下的发展启示。     

Process knowledge-based random forest regression for model predictive control on a nonlinear production process with multiple working conditions

In process industry, predictive control approaches have been widely used for nonlinear production processes. Practically, the predictor in a predictive controller is extremely important since it provides future states for the optimization problem of controllers. The conventional predictive controller with precise mathematical predictors approximating the state space of physical systems is difficult and time-consuming for nonlinear production processes, and it performs poorly over a wide range of working conditions and with significant disturbances. To address the challenges, the trend of applying artificial intelligence emerges. However, the industrial process-specific knowledge is ignored in most cases. In this study, a predictive controller with a control process knowledge-based random forest (RF) model is proposed. Specifically, working data are clustered at first to handle diverse working conditions. Then, a process knowledge-based forest predictor, namely MIW-RF model with a redesigned cascading RF structure, is proposed to incorporate control process knowledge into modeling. Thus, future states of controlled variables could be more accurately acquired for the optimizer. A simplified version of the predictive model is also developed with quick model training and updating. The proposed predictive methods are finally introduced into the controller design. According to the empirical results, the proposed methods deliver a better control performance against benchmarks, including more accurate anticipated controlled-variable responses, better set-point tracking and disturbance rejection capability.     

我国纺织领域温室气体标准的现状研究

文章从数量、类别、时间等维度描述了我国温室气体标准以及我国纺织领域温室气体标准的发展现状。基于此,简要分析了纺织领域温室气体标准建设存在的问题及原因,提出了未来纺织行业温室气体标准体系建设的建议。     

Technical,economic, and environmental analyses of the modernization of a chamber furnace operating on natural gas or hydrogen

The paper presents a technical, economic and environmental analyses of a chamber furnace used to heat the charge before forging. The energy efficiency of the furnace before the modernization was 18%, after the modernization it was 31% (partial modernization due to large financial outlays). Other variants were also analysed: complete modernization, the variant of furnace modernization with 30% hydrogen content in the gas and the variant with 100% hydrogen as fuel. The analyses showed that with the current gas price (0.025 EUR/kWh) and the price of emission allowances (nearly 60 EUR/MgCO₂) and 100 cycles/year, the difference in Net Present Value (NPV) before base variant and partial modernization is around 900,000 EUR and before base variant and full modernization is 1,200,000 EUR. The introduction of the gas and 30% of hydrogen co-combustion option versus the base scenario option for 150 cycles per year results in a NPV difference of at least 2 million EUR. The option of 100% hydrogen as a fuel is the most advantageous from the point of view of reducing CO₂ emissions - it is largely influenced by the rising prices of CO₂ emission allowances.