红土镍矿冶金技术研究进展

如今世界经济迅猛发展,金属镍的需求量也在加速增长。人们主要从硫化镍矿和红土镍矿中提炼金属镍。然而硫化镍矿资源因大规模开发而不断减少,红土镍矿未来将成为镍的主要来源。因此研究红土镍矿的高效开发利用,是当今围绕镍资源研究的热点,对实际生产具有重要的现实意义。本文简要介绍了镍的应用、开发红土镍矿的意义、红土镍矿的矿物学特性、红土镍矿世界范围内的储量和分布,并且列举并分析了红土镍矿的各种冶炼工艺及其优点与不足,同时综述了有关红土镍矿研究的新方法,为红土镍矿高附加值综合利用研究提出思路。     

重庆红粘土本构模型验证

以重庆红粘土为研究对象，通过对重庆红粘土在不同应力路径加荷条件下的应力－应变关系的分析研究，运用“土的本构关系图象程序”对重庆红粘土本构关系，进行了四种本要模型验证，认为非线性弹性成都科技大学Ｋ－Ｇ模型和殷宗泽双曲服面弹塑性模型能反映重庆红粘土应力－应变关系的本构模型，提出了相应的模型参数。     

红土镍矿烧结原料制备工艺研究

针对镍铁生产中的红土镍矿原料制备系统,笔者对其典型设计方法进行了研究分析,比较了高炉(BF)与回转窑-电炉法(RKEF)两种生产工艺中烧结原料系统的设计方法,提出了原料制备系统的设计对于保证产品质量、提高生产效益、节能降耗和清洁生产具有的重要意义。     

红土镍矿流态化特性的模型试验研究

通过室内小型振动台模型试验,对船载红土镍矿的流态化特性进行了研究。基于数字图像采集和分析,揭示了红土镍矿流态化的演化过程。分析了含水率、加速度等因素对红土镍矿流态化特性的影响以及孔隙水压力和含水率在流态化过程中的变化规律。试验结果表明：水分迁移是造成红土镍矿形成流态化的主要原因;含水率是影响红土镍矿流态化发生的关键因素,建议实际运输中控制与本试验相同的红土镍矿含水率在31.0%以下;加速度大于某一临界值时,加速度对红土镍矿流态化特性才有较大影响。研究对减少红土镍矿在船运过程中流态化风险有重要的意义。     

碱性固化材料对红土地基的化学侵蚀

碱性材料的固化措施对红土地基产生了不可忽视的长期侵蚀.在岩土工程现场进行了取样和原型试验,分析了导致材料损伤的化学反应,有针对性地设计了红土的碱液加速侵蚀试验,对比讨论了化学损伤前后红土的工程支撑指标变化、红土的工程支撑离子衰减,研究了碱性固化材料在酸性红土的接触带造成损伤的机制,认为化学反应是导致红土地基寿命降低、远期效益低下,乃至诱发灾难性事故的重要原因.     

红土镍矿分解实验研究

提出了酸碱交替分解、互为活化的工艺思路,通过实验确定了优化工艺条件和工艺流程。在优化工艺条件下,红土镍矿中Fe2O3、NiO、MgO、Co、SiO2分解率分别达到96.78%、99.62%、94.39%、100%和98.60%,从而为实现对红土镍矿的全元素综合利用奠定了基础。     

Use of oxidation roasting to control NiO reduction in Ni-bearing limonitic laterite

Use of limonitic laterite as an iron source in conventional ironmaking is restricted due to its gangue composition and small particle size. Even direct reduction cannot effectively produce direct reduced iron (DRI) because NiO would be reduced together with iron oxide to form Fe–Ni. A small amount of Ni (about 2 wt.%) in DRI degrades the physical properties of final steel products. The current study investigated how oxidation roasting of limonitic laterite ores affected NiO reduction, with the goal of producing Ni-free DRI and Ni-bearing slag. Ni-bearing slag can be a good secondary Ni resource. Oxidation roasting made NiO inert under H₂ reduction at 900 °C by forming Ni-olivine. Optimum roasting temperature was proposed by examining phase transformation of limonitic laterite ores during heating and by FactSage calculation of the equilibrium Ni fraction in Ni-bearing phases. Furthermore, the effect of Mg–silicate forming additives on the control of NiO reducibility was clarified to maximize the suppression of NiO reduction. Among various additives such as MgSiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and Fe–Ni smelting slag, Ni-free olivine-typed flux was found to be the most effective form of Ni-olivine because Ni–Mg ion exchange between Ni-bearing phase and Ni-free olivine occurs more readily than other Ni-olivine formation schemes. Finally, the mechanism of Ni-olivine formation during roasting was studied using a diffusion couple test. Calculated diffusivity values of Ni in Mg₂SiO₄ indicated that the two major routes of Ni-olivine formation while roasting limonitic laterite ore are (1) Ni partitioning within Mg–Ni silicate before crystallization and (2) Ni diffusion from spinel to Ni free olivine after crystallization.     

Key factors affecting nickel recovery during the segregation of laterite ores

The segregation process as applied to nickel laterite ores involves the formation of gaseous nickel and iron chlorides which are subsequently reduced to form ferronickel on the surface of a solid carbon reductant. A fundamental study of the process has been carried out using limonite, nontronite and garnierite ores. The study highlighted the significant impacts that ore mineralogy and carbon addition have on the amount of nickel which is segregated rather than retained within the ore due to in situ reduction. These important aspects affecting nickel recovery and the success of the process are discussed in this paper.     

我国镍矿资源现状及利用技术研究

本文详细论述了我国镍矿资源的分布及储量,并对硫化镍矿和红土镍矿的矿石特性和利用技术进行了深入的研究.有针对性的提出了处理不同矿石性质的硫化镍矿和红土镍矿的工艺流程,指出了我国在目前的镍资源形式下进行镍矿利用技术研究的重要意义.