Anodic process of stibnite in slurry electrolysis:The direct collision oxidation

Mineral oxidation leaching in the anode area is the key step in slurry electrolysis.By adopting the slow linear potential scanning method during slurry electrolysis,this study investigated the steady-state polarization curve of a pure stibnite mineral on a graphite anode.In addition,the influence of the mineral particle size,liquid-solid ratio,stirring speed,and temperature on the collision oxidation of the mineral with the anode was studied.Based on the different oxidation reactions,the potential range can be divided into three intervals:the low-potential interval with a potential lower than 0.75 V,an intermediate-potential interval with a potential within 0.75-1.2 V,and a high-potential interval with a potential higher than 1.2 V.The collision oxidation of the mineral with the anode occurred in all three intervals.The oxi-dation of Sb(Ⅲ) also appeared in the intermediate-and high-potential intervals,and chlorine evolution occurred in the high-potential interval.Therefore,the low-potential interval was determined to be a suit-able potential interval for the slurry electrolysis process.In the low-potential interval,the particle size,liquid-solid ratio,and stirring speed had little effect on the oxidation rate of the minerals.As the temper-ature increased,the stibnite oxidation rate and exchange current density increased.Overall,the direct collision oxidation rate of stibnite was relatively low and the current densities under all the investigated conditions were lower than 0.4 mA.cm-2.This indicates that it is difficult to realize industrial production while relying solely on this process.     

湖南某辉锑矿石无铅活化浮选试验

针对传统选锑活化剂硝酸铅所存在的诸多问题,对锑品位为3.18%、硫化锑占总锑的95.60%的湖南某锑矿石进行了无铅活化浮选试验。结果显示,矿石在磨矿细度为-74μm占89.30%的情况下,以硫酸铜+硫酸铁+硫酸亚铁(质量配合比为1∶1∶1)为活化剂,以丁基黄药+MA-1(质量配合比为2∶3)为捕收剂,采用1粗3精2扫、中矿顺序返回流程处理,获得了锑品位为46.15%、回收率为95.04%的锑精矿,表明硫酸铜+硫酸铁+硫酸亚铁是辉锑矿浮选的良好无铅活化剂。     

Antimony Mobilization through Two Contrasting Gold Ore Processing Systems,New Zealand

Antimony, a toxic metalloid similar to arsenic, is present at variable levels in most gold-bearing rocks. Antimony is soluble in the surface environment, so antimony (Sb) mobilization in mine waters is an environmental issue around gold mines. The Reefton gold mine was originally developed in gold-bearing quartz veins; Sb concentrations were low (<100 mg/kg) compared to arsenic (As) concentrations (>1,000 mg/kg), and the mine waters had low dissolved Sb (<0.1 mg/L). A second stage of gold mineralization at Reefton involved brecciation and cataclasis of quartz veins and wall rocks, with addition of stibnite (Sb₂S₃). Processing of this ore has resulted in higher dissolved Sb in mine waters (0.1–1 mg/L), even after water treatment that removes most dissolved As (to 0.01 mg/L) by adsorption to suspended iron oxyhydroxide. Competition between As and Sb for adsorption sites on iron oxyhydroxide particles may have resulted in partial exclusion of the more weakly adsorbed Sb. The high rainfall (2,000 mm/year) at Reefton ensures adequate dilution of mine waters after discharge. The Macraes gold mine has no stibnite, and most Sb is in solid solution in the abundant arsenopyrite (Sb up to 2,000 mg/kg). Pit waters have both Sb and As dissolved up to 0.1 mg/L, partly because of evaporative concentration in a low-rainfall environment. Macraes tailings waters have high As (up to 3 mg/L) but negligible Sb (<0.001 mg/L). Reefton mine gold-bearing concentrate, containing stibnite, is transported 700 km to be processed by autoclave oxidation and cyanidation at the Macraes mine. This introduction of additional Sb to the Macraes site substantially increases the Sb content of the process stream periodically. Tailings from this process have up to 3 wt% Sb, dispersed through As-rich iron oxyhydroxides that are formed in the autoclave. The Sb-rich tailings are strongly diluted (approximately 100:1) by the Macraes tailings, and adsorption of Sb to iron oxyhydroxides in the tailings piles ensures that there has been no increase in the Sb content of the tailings water since the Reefton concentrate has been added at Macraes.     

贵州某高硫低品位锑矿选矿试验研究

针对贵州某高硫低品位硫化—氧化锑矿进行了选矿试验研究,试验采用新型组合抑制剂HY1-1作为黄铁矿抑制剂,硝酸铅作为辉锑矿活化剂,乙硫氮作为捕收剂。浮选尾矿采用分级—摇床流程回收氧化锑矿。全流程闭路试验获得含锑45.48%的锑精矿1和含锑23.67%的锑精矿2,精矿总回收率为82.61%。     

XRF and Raman Characterization of Antimonite

Abstract

Two type Antimonite (stibnite) ore samples were analyzed by polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (PEDXRF) spectrometry and by confocal Raman spectrometry (CRS) in this study. The samples were collected from two different localities (?zmir-Ödemi? and Bursa-Uluda? zones from Turkey) according to the sampling methods. The first locality hosted within the metamorphic basement and the second locality hosted within the felsic intrusive rock units. The goal of this paper is to compare two different stibnite samples from various regions through PEDXRF and CRS with the optical characteristic features under the ore microscope. Ore microscopy studies reveal that the ?zmir-Ödemi? stibnite is associated mainly with calcite and the Bursa-Uluda? stibnite is associated with celestite and quartz as gangue minerals. Two different colored species were observed in the stibnite of the studied samples. Ore microscopy results, CRS with the PEDXRF results show that the stibnites from the two different localities have different mineral associations, different chemical compositions, and different physical properties.     

滇西北怒江州泸水锑矿H-O-S同位素地球化学特征

滇西北泸水锑矿为笔者近年在该地区进行找矿勘探过程中新发现的矿点,其赋矿围岩为一套初糜棱岩,断裂控矿,辉锑矿与黄铜矿、黄铁矿、石英共生。为确定其成因类型,对主成矿期石英和硫化矿进行了H-O-S同位素研究。结合野外矿体产出形态,可以将研究区划分出2期成矿作用:1)早期以浸染状为特征,顺糜棱岩片理就位,2)主成矿期为细脉状,产于与糜棱岩片理垂直的石英脉中。石英包裹体水δD值介于-95.4‰～-88.8‰,δ18 OH中,含矿热水溶液H-O同位素的投影点主要落于大气降水线附近。黄铁矿δ34S值≈4.1‰～4.9‰,辉锑矿样品的δ34S值≈1.2‰～1.3‰,总硫值为2.23‰,具有深部岩浆硫特征。前人对赋矿糜棱岩测年,得到其成岩年龄和变质年龄分别为42 Ma和38 Ma,研究区辉锑矿—石英脉构造控矿明显,说明其成矿年龄应该小于38Ma。喜山期青藏高原及其周边锑矿床多与斑岩体有关,研究区附近有斑岩体的存在,结合其H-O-S同位素特征,可以判断泸水锑矿可能经历了两次成矿事件,早期与斑岩体有关,后期受到了大气降水的改造。     

辉锑矿在盐酸溶液中的阳极氧化

用电位扫描法和恒电位电解法研究了Sb_2S_3在HCl溶液中的阳极氧化电化学,确定Sb_S_3的阳极溶解为不可逆电极过程。在电位0.4伏附近是三价锑与S°的生成,在电位0.8伏附近是三价锑氧化为五价,实验表明阳极溶解产物S°不能电化学氧化为SO_4~(2-)。增大H~+及Cl~-浓度,升高温度能提高Sb_S_3的溶解速度。     

輝锑矿浸出动力学的研究

本文针对目前湿法炼锑工艺过程研究的需要,对类似于辉锑矿浸出过程的液-固间歇式多相反应动力学模型进行了推导。用实际高价氯盐浸出辉锑矿的实验数据进行了验证。结果表明模型能较好地反映出实际过程的规律,并可以表示为:φ(R)=Kt。     

锑-汞复杂硫化矿的无铬浮选分离

本文采用 ACMC(CMC 氨水)作抑制剂,成功地分离了硫酸铜活化的锑一汞人工混合矿,其分离指标和重铬酸钾法相近,从而实现了锑-汞复杂硫化矿的无铬浮选分离。同时,用 XPS、IR 和ζ-电位测定等方法研究了 ACMC 与矿物的作用机理,结果表明 ACMC 与辉锑矿表面活化铜的化学作用造成了锑-汞复杂硫化矿的有效分离。     

Aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition of Sb2S3 thin films: Environmentally benign solar energy material

Antimony sulfide (Sb₂S_3, stibnite) is an important environmentally benign material which finds applications in solar cells, thermoelectric devices, switching devices, microwaves and television cameras. Orthorhombic (stibnite) Sb₂S₃ thin films have been deposited by Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AACVD), spin coating, melt and the doctor's blade methods using tris(thiobenzoato)antimony(III) complex as a single source precursor. The p-XRD pattern of thin films deposited by all the methods show the deposition of Sb₂S₃ (stibnite). The morphology of the films is typically based on sheets, thick plates or bundles of sticks with varying sizes depending on the technique used and/or the deposition temperature. The EDX analysis showed that the films deposited at all temperatures by all methods are antimony rich. The band gaps of the films deposited by AACVD range from 1.81 to 1.90 eV.