A composable real-time architecture for replicated railway applications

Triple-modular-redundant applications are widely used for fault-tolerant safety–critical computation. They have strict timing requirements for correct operation. We present an architecture which provides composability and mixed-criticality to support integration and to ease certification of such safety–critical applications. In this architecture, an additional layer is required for the sharing/partitioning of resources. This potentially jeopardizes the synchronization necessary for the triple-modular-redundant applications.We investigate the effects of different (unsynchronized) scheduling methods for the resource-sharing layer in this architecture and conclude that an out-of-the-box solution, which guarantees the technical separation between applications with fast reaction time requirements is only feasible when executing at most one instance of a triple-modular-redundant application per CPU-core for single and multi-core CPUs. Only when accepting changes in the applications or the applications’ synchronization mechanisms, are more flexible solutions with good performance and resource utilization available.     

Heuristics based server consolidation with residual resource defragmentation in cloud data centers

Server Consolidation is one of the foremost concerns associated with the effective management of a Cloud Data Center as it has the potential to accomplish significant reduction in the overall cost and energy consumption. Most of the existing works on Server Consolidation have focused only on reducing the number of active physical servers (PMs) using Virtual Machine (VM) Live Migration. But, along with reducing the number of active PMs, if a consolidation approach reduces residual resource fragmentation, the residual resources can be efficiently used for new VM allocations, or VM reallocations, and some future migrations can also be reduced. None of the existing works have explicitly focused on reducing residual resource fragmentation along with reducing the number of active PMs to the best of our knowledge. We propose RFAware Server Consolidation, a heuristics based server consolidation approach which performs residual resource defragmentation along with reducing the number of active PMs in cloud data centers.     

vMES: Virtualization aware manufacturing execution system

The large scale emergence in the last decade of various cloud solutions, ranging from software-as-a-service (SaaS) based solutions for business process management and implementation to very sophisticated private cloud solutions capable of high performance computing (HPC) and efficient virtualization, constitute the building blocks for engineering the next generation of flexible enterprise systems that can respond with great agility to changes in their environment. These new technologies are adopted at a certain level by manufacturing enterprises in order to advance in a new era of mass customization where flexibility, scalability and agility are the differentiating factors. In this context, this paper introduces the virtualized manufacturing execution system (vMES), an intermediate layer in the manufacturing stack, and discusses the advantages and limitations offered by this approach for manufacturing enterprises. A classification of MES workloads based on the ISA-95 function model is presented, focusing on the virtualization techniques suitable for each workload, considering the algorithms and technologies used and the virtualization overhead. A pilot vMES implementation using a parallel process for smart resource provisioning and automatic scaling is also presented. The pilot implementation using six Adept robots and one IBM CloudBurst 2.1 private cloud and an ISA-95 based MES is described; the virtualization sequence is analyzed in several scenarios of resource workload collocation on physical cloud blades with and without perturbations.     

Innovative architecture of single chip edge device based on virtualization technology

Single-chip edge devices (SCEDs) are small in size and low in power consumption. They are especially suitable for smart nodes of Internet of Things (IoT) to form an edge sub-cloud (ESC). Unfortunately, SCED’s intensive computing ability is often unsatisfactory. Therefore, we need to migrate cloud computing virtualization technology into SCED, and manage its on-chip resources by cloud computing mode, so as to make its computing capability more powerful. The focus of this research is how to set up the on-chip cloud architecture of a domain general purpose integrated circuit (DGIC). The goal of this research is to provide a DGIC solution for SCED, which owns both of CPU customizable semantic processes and ASIC reconfigurable syntax elements. The cooperation of multiple SCED devices can form a strong edge sub-cloud ESC. Its on-chip cloud architecture can ensure the security and confidentiality of ESC. Based on the on-chip cloud structure of DGIC, we fabricated and tested a SCED sample in the acceleration domain of multi-island genetic algorithm. Its acceleration ratio was obviously better than the existing GPU + CPU approach, which has the advantages of small in size and low in power consumption.     

基于服务器虚拟化技术的构建、测试和建议

针对原有服务器利用率低、更新设备投资大、不断增加服务器及机房面积狭小等问题,从介绍VMware虚拟化技术入手,以部署过程中遇到的问题以及解决方法为例,分析了服务器虚拟化技术的特点。结合企业生产系统的实际运作,提出了实施服务器虚拟化技术的整体策略及分步措施,并提出了若干建议,用以安全、平滑、有效地迁移至虚拟机,从而进一步提高企业系统资源利用率,降低服务器总成本。VMware虚拟化技术在上海电力设计院的应用,已经通过测试。     

Xen2MX: High-performance communication in virtualized environments

Cloud computing infrastructures provide vast processing power and host a diverse set of computing workloads, ranging from service-oriented deployments to high-performance computing (HPC) applications. As HPC applications scale to a large number of VMs, providing near-native network I/O performance to each peer VM is an important challenge. In this paper we present Xen2MX, a paravirtual interconnection framework over generic Ethernet, binary compatible with Myrinet/MX and wire compatible with MXoE. Xen2MX combines the zero-copy characteristics of Open-MX with Xen's memory sharing techniques. Experimental evaluation of our prototype implementation shows that Xen2MX is able to achieve nearly the same raw performance as Open-MX running in a non-virtualized environment. On the latency front, Xen2MX performs as close as 96% to the case where virtualization layers are not present. Regarding throughput, Xen2MX saturates a 10 Gbps link, achieving 1159 MB/s, compared to 1192 MB/s of the non-virtualized case. Scales efficiently with the number of VMs, saturating the link for even smaller messages when 40 single-core VMs put pressure on the network adapters.     

浅析移动网络扁平化与虚拟化

在分析传统网络存在问题的基础上,提出了全扁平化网络和虚拟化网络2种网络转型思路,并对这2种演进思路展开了深入探讨。     

云计算网络虚拟化技术

云计算极大扩展了IT服务能够提供的种类和范围,网络作为云计算基础架构和服务提供的重要组成部分,需要满足更高的要求。本文首先给出网络的重要性,之后从数据中心网络、跨数据中心网络以及泛在的云接入网络三个层面分别分析了最新的技术进展和技术需求。     

固移网络边界网关虚拟化融合研究

固定/移动网络融合(Fixed-mobile Convergence,FMC)是未来网络演进的重要发展趋势。文章首先对固移网关边界网关功能进行介绍,分析边界网关融合面临的挑战。针对当前融合面临的挑战,利用SDN(Software Defined Networking)与网络功能虚拟化的思想,提出固移网络虚拟化融合解决方案,为运营商未来实现固移网络融合、简化网络结构、降低网络投资运营成本提供了理论指导。     

虚拟网络映射模型和算法研究

虚拟网络映射是网络虚拟化的关键问题之一,其目的是在满足虚拟网络资源需求的前提下,为该虚拟网络分配合适的底层网络节点和链路资源,从而在共享的物理网络基础设施之上构建彼此隔离的多重异构虚拟网络,为网络基础创新研究提供实验环境和平台,为网络新应用提供承载服务。论述了虚拟网络映射模型和映射算法,并提出基于最小割集理论设计VN映射算法。