Food processing,gut microbiota and the globesity problem

Abstract

In the context of diseases of affluence, western diets have in the past years mainly been studied on their fat and sugar content and lack of dietary fiber. Yet, the more general aspect of food processing has recently sparked scientific interest as well. In addition, the gut microbiota have been put forward as an important link between diet, obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCD). Western dietary patterns, containing large amounts of processed foods might create an imbalance in the gut system by affecting gut bacteria and their metabolism. Here we discuss what has been already published regarding the relationship between several recently researched features of processed foods and the etiology of obesity and NCD. The addressed features concern micronutrient and energy density, several types of food additives and the generation of advanced glycation end products by thermal treatment during food processing. Overall, literature indicates that all discussed aspects can be linked to western ailments and that they can have a potential negative impact on human microbiota. Therefore, we propose that the thesis that a distressed gut microbiota is a mechanism that might explain how food processing features could harm human health is gaining empirical evidence. Future research will need to address the question whether the alteration of the gut microbiota is a direct or an indirect (via the host) effect. These conclusions are important assets in the fight against the continuing worldwide upsurge of obesity and NCD.     

西部山地旅游公共服务游客满意度评价研究——以318国道川藏线为例

文章在对相关研究进行文献综述的基础上,以318国道川藏线为例,提出西部山地旅游公共服务5个维度的游客感知假设,选用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)对游客满意度组合模型进行因子分析与假设检验。根据模型拟合结果分析,旅游信息类公共服务在西部山地旅游公共服务中供需矛盾最为突出,其次为旅游交通类公共服务和旅游安全保障管理类公共服务,相对而言,旅游基础设施类公共服务和休闲空间与旅游便民惠民类公共服务供需矛盾较小。该结果为西部山地旅游公共服务体系构建明确了发展方向。     

N-(carboxymethyl)lysine content of foods commonly consumed in a Western style diet

The potential adverse effects on health of diet-derived advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) is of current interest, due to their proposed involvement in the disease progression of diabetic and uraemic conditions. However, accurate information about levels of AGEs in foods is lacking. The objective of this investigation was to determine the level of one particular AGE, N^ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a marker of AGE formation, in a wide range of foods commonly consumed in a Western style diet. Individual foods (n = 257) were mixed, lyophilised, ground, reduced, fat-extracted, hydrolysed, and underwent solid-phase extraction. Extracts were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Cereal (2.6 mg/100 g food) and fruit and vegetable (0.13 mg/100 g food) categories had the highest and lowest mean level of CML, respectively, when expressed in mg/100 g food. These data can be used for estimating potential consumer intakes, and provide information that can be used to educated consumers on how to reduce their CML intake.     

以文化的形式来评估家具的价值——评《西方家具集成》

董玉库先生新著《西方家具集成—一部风格、品牌、设计的历史》今年一月付梓出版。这是一部大部头的西方家具史著作,厚达514页。这一部力作,其内容之丰富、观点之新颖、配图之广博、装帧之精美,实为我国家具出版物之先进。该书以建筑对家具的影响为线索,论述了西方古典家具的源流;以文化的形式分析了现代西方家具的品牌、设计的历史及其代表人物。它是一部资料翔实,论点新颖的西方家具史的学术著作。     

Activity of a melimine derived peptide Mel4 against Stenotrophomonas,Delftia, Elizabethkingia,Burkholderia and biocompatibility as a contact lens coating

Purpose

To determine the antimicrobial activity of the melimine derived peptide Mel4 against Delftia, Stenotrophomonas, Elizabethkingia, Burkholderia and to investigate biocompatibility of Mel4 as an antimicrobial coating on contact lenses in animals and humans.

Prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity in indigenous Australian children: A systematic review

Evidence-based profiling of obesity and overweight in Indigenous Australian children has been poor. This study systematically reviewed evidence of the prevalence and patterns of obesity/overweight, with respect to gender, age, remoteness, and birth weight, in Indigenous Australian children, 0–18 years (PROSPERO CRD42014007626). Study quality and risk of bias were assessed. Twenty-five publications (21 studies) met inclusion criteria, with large variations in prevalence for obesity or overweight (11 to 54%) reported. A high degree of heterogeneity in study design was observed, few studies (6/21) were representative of the target population, and few appropriately recruited Indigenous children (8/21). Variability in study design, conduct, and small sample sizes mean that it is not possible to derive a single estimate for prevalence although two high-quality studies indicate at least one in four Indigenous Australian children are overweight or obese. Four of six studies reporting on gender, found overweight/obesity higher in girls and eight studies reporting on overweight/obesity by age suggest prevalence increases with age with one high quality large national study reporting total overweight/obesity as 22.4% of children aged 2–4 years, 27.5% of those aged 5–9, 38.5% aged 10–14, and 36.3% aged 15–17. Three of four studies, reporting obesity/overweight by region, found lower rates for children living in more remote areas than urban areas.     

论楚国丝绸中的蟠龙飞凤纹与商周兽面纹的传承关系

蟠龙飞凤纹出自战国时期马山1号楚墓,构图精巧,装饰华丽,是先秦时期风格独特的纹样类型.通过分析图像中的各个构成元素,分别从题材、构图等角度比较蟠龙飞凤纹和商代、西周青铜器中流行的系列兽面纹,可知楚国丝绸中的蟠龙飞凤纹由兽面纹演变而来,其中延续了商代、西周的文化基因,表现了以北极星为中心、龙凤为辅的星象系统,在题材种类、...     

新世纪陕西蚕丝产业的发展优势

随着我国农业产业结构的调整和东南沿海地区经济的发展 ,蚕桑生产出现了“南蚕北移、东蚕西迁”的趋势。当前国家经济的发展重点向中西部地区倾斜 ,在西部地区发展蚕桑产业 ,既可促进经济发展 ,增加农民收入 ,又可绿化荒山 ,改善生态环境 ,可将其作为“退耕还林还草”和“再造一个山川秀美大西北”战略的一个组成部分。文章论述了陕西蚕桑丝绸业的现状和发展优势 ,认为应抓住西部大开发的机遇 ,充分利用蚕桑产业具有显著的经济、生态和社会效益的特点 ,推动陕西省蚕桑产业的进一步发展。     

链霉亲和素-蛋白A融合蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

将合链霉亲和亲-蛋白A（Streptavidin－proteinA）融合蛋白基因的表达质粒pTSAPA导入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3），成功地表达了该融合蛋白，经SIJS－PAGE及免疫印迹等方法证实该蛋白既具有IgG的结合活性，又具生物素结合活性。