Machine learning algorithm selection for windage alteration fault diagnosis of mine ventilation system

Machine learning algorithms have been widely used in mine fault diagnosis. The correct selection of the suitable algorithms is the key factor that affects the fault diagnosis. However, the impact of machine learning algorithms on the prediction performance of mine fault diagnosis models has not been fully evaluated. In this study, the windage alteration faults (WAFs) diagnosis models, which are based on K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and decision tree (DT), are constructed. Furthermore, the applicability of these four algorithms in the WAFs diagnosis is explored by a T-type ventilation network simulation experiment and the field empirical application research of Jinchuan No. 2 mine. The accuracy of the fault location diagnosis for the four models in both networks was 100%. In the simulation experiment, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between the predicted values and the real values of the fault volume of the four models was 0.59%, 97.26%, 123.61%, and 8.78%, respectively. The MAPE for the field empirical application was 3.94%, 52.40%, 25.25%, and 7.15%, respectively. The results of the comprehensive evaluation of the fault location and fault volume diagnosis tests showed that the KNN model is the most suitable algorithm for the WAFs diagnosis, whereas the prediction performance of the DT model was the second-best. This study realizes the intelligent diagnosis of WAFs, and provides technical support for the realization of intelligent ventilation.     

特高含水期油藏平面分区调控方法

针对特高含水期平面剩余油分布复杂，不同区域开发对策不同的特点，提出了基于油藏数值模拟计算结果的油藏分区调控方法。首先通过极限含水率对应的含水饱和度值作为水淹区与潜力区的划分依据；其次以建立的考虑经济因素的剩余可采储量丰度界限和渗流速度界限，将潜力区进一步划分为低速新井调控区、低速注采调控区、高速新井调控区、高速注采调控区4类。综合考虑各分区分布特征，采用连通区域标记算法统计各分区连片区域网格数，计算连片区域的面积和剩余可采储量，确定不同连片区域开发政策。实际油藏的应用结果表明，调控后低速新井调控区和低速注采调控区面积大幅度减小，调控5年油藏采出程度增加3.1%。     

某铀矿床竖向分区安全稳定性研究

通过对某矿床开采技术条件和矿体赋存特征分析研究,采用3DMine软件平台建立三维数字化矿体模型,确定上、下2个采区的最佳分界线标高为850 m,确定上部采区竖向开采范围为990~850 m,下部采区竖向开采范围为850~670 m。以矿床36号剖面勘探线为例,采用K.B.鲁别涅依他等人的公式对上、下采区间水平岩柱的临界厚度进行计算,得出上、下采区同时开采的安全间距为42 m。采用UDEC软件对矿床36号剖面水平岩柱稳定性进行数值模拟,水平岩柱在垂直方向上的最大位移为4.62 cm,对水平岩柱的整体稳定性没有影响。分区方案留设的水平岩柱可以保证上、下采区同时安全开采。     

Experimental investigation into Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticle performance and comparison with other nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery

Nanofluids because of their surface characteristics improve the oil production from reservoirs by enabling different enhanced recovery mechanisms such as wettability alteration, interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, oil viscosity reduction, formation and stabilization of colloidal systems and the decrease in the asphaltene precipitation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the synthesis of a new nanocomposite has been studied in this paper for the first time. It consists of nanoparticles of both SiO₂ and Fe₃O₄. Each nanoparticle has its individual surface property and has its distinct effect on the oil production of reservoirs. According to the previous studies, Fe₃O₄ has been used in the prevention or reduction of asphaltene precipitation and SiO₂ has been considered for wettability alteration and/or reducing IFTs in enhanced oil recovery. According to the experimental results, the novel synthesized nanoparticles have increased the oil recovery by the synergistic effects of the formed particles markedly by activating the various mechanisms relative to the use of each of the nanoparticles in the micromodel individually. According to the results obtained for the use of this nanocomposite, understanding reservoir conditions plays an important role in the ultimate goal of enhancing oil recovery and the formation of stable emulsions plays an important role in oil recovery using this method.     

有机-无机联合矿井突水水源判别方法

溶解性有机质(Dissolved Organic Matter,DOM)在随地下水运移过程中,不同含水层水中DOM含量、类别、荧光强度等均存在较明显差异,因此结合无机水化学,开展了有机-无机联合的矿井突水水源判别方法研究,结果表明:地下水中无机组分浓度分布具有垂向分带性,利用pH、矿化度(TDS),HCO3,SO4等无机指标,可以判别浅部含水层和深部含水层水化学特征差异; DOM进入含水层后发生氧化还原反应强烈,其浓度(TOC含量和UV254)变化快、差异大,可以识别地表水与第四系水的水化学特征;第四系与白垩系含水层,以及覆岩破坏范围内的细分含水层,水中无机组分和有机组分含量非常接近,而荧光指纹技术灵敏度高,可以根据3DEEM光谱图分析DOM类型和荧光峰强度等差异,区分相邻含水层的水化学特征差异。陷落柱等地质异常体作为特殊的地质环境体,其内部水体中DOM相对丰富,其DOM含量和荧光指纹特征与奥灰水差异显著。将有机-无机联合开展不同含水层水化学特征分析,能够很好地区分不同水源,为矿井突水事故发生时快速判别水源提供科学依据。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区北坡奥陶系热液蚀变作用

沉积盆地超深层(4 500 m)不仅具有与浅层和中深层不同的温压条件,而且流体体制也存在显著差异。以塔里木盆地塔中地区北坡NE向走滑断裂带上的SN4井超深层的中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩硅化段为研究对象,在详细的成岩作用研究基础上,开展了成岩矿物流体包裹体、稳定O-C和Si-O同位素以及常量、微量和稀土元素等系统分析。结果表明,超深层中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层存在3种流体端元类型:1深成上升流热液;2外源同生卤水;3这2种热流体与储层同生海水的混合流体。其为经历2种流体-岩石相互作用体制演化的结果:1大气淡水-同生海水重力流演化体制;2火成岩活动驱动远端热液与同生卤水混合上升流演化体制。其中,上升流具有2个流体来源:1受火成岩活动驱动远端热液,具有中低温度、中高盐度、富Si质和富含CO2和H2S挥发份水解成强酸的特征,不仅成为缝洞型储层热液-岩石相互作用的溶剂,而且可能发生了第1期天然气充注;2来源于下伏寒武系烃源岩层的中低温、富Ca和CH4的碱性热卤水,不仅形成了晚期裂缝刀刃状方解石脉,而且发生了第2期天然气充注成藏。依据成岩矿物组合和温度控制矿物学原理构筑其储层化学反应路径模型,结合储层物性测定结果,初步估算这种上升流热液蚀变作用对储层孔隙度的贡献达约8%。由此表明,多期火成岩活动和多期断裂活动不仅为深成上升流提供了动力和通道,而且作为一个独立因素对超深层缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的形成和天然气的成藏起到了重要的控制作用。综上可推论,塔里木盆地中央火成岩带超深层将是这类热液蚀变缝洞型储层发育带和有利的天然气聚集带。     

Changing Residential Land Use Regulations to Address High Housing Prices

Problem, research strategy, and findings: In the past 3 decades, a series of presidential administrations—and the APA—have recommended that cities update their zoning codes to enable more affordable and market-rate housing development. I identify 5 main categories of policy recommendations they have suggested and then assess Los Angeles’s (CA) zoning changes in these categories between 2000 and 2016. I answer 2 questions: First, what zoning changes did Los Angeles adopt to address housing affordability? Second, how were these changes initiated, and what were their scope and geographic extent? I find that Los Angeles made modest progress in the 5 policy categories. The city left its large-lot, single-family zoning mostly untouched, but it rezoned roughly 1,200 acres citywide to allow at least 50 housing units per acre, reduced parking requirements in some areas, made it easier to build accessory dwelling units, and adopted new incentives for affordable housing. Several policy changes resulted from new state laws, and Los Angeles voters approved new incentives for affordable housing near transit. Homeowner influence likely prevented the municipality from engaging in larger zoning reforms. I do not study the effects of Los Angeles’s regulatory changes on housing production and prices, but such research is an important next step. I also do not assess new regulations that counteracted the impact of the 5 categories of policy recommendations.

Takeaway for practice: This research suggests 2 lessons: 1) Planners should encourage state governments to preempt local zoning when it reduces affordable housing options and there is limited local political will for change, and 2) planners should identify feasible and effective zoning changes that would increase affordable housing given local considerations.     

基于生态-文化空间关联的乡土景观区划方法研究

迄今为止,在中国的城镇化进程中,乡土景观资源的保护与利用仍然是个未受到足够重视的薄弱环节。在社会格局剧变和文化高度融合的大背景下,隔离区域生态与文化特征的规划管理模式已无法适应人民对生活质量及其可持续性的更高追求。实现生态与文化视角的融合既是社会实践的要求也是学科发展的趋势。以福建北部地区为研究对象,在实施研究区生态与文化区划的基础上,以空间统计与地理信息技术为手段,验证了研究区生态与文化类型区的空间关联性,并据此构建了乡土景观分类及区划方法体系。对乡土景观区划成果在区域风景道规划及旅游资源空间管制等领域的应用途径做了初步探讨。本研究可视为是区域可持续发展战略中的有关乡土景观资源整合保护的一次有价值的实践探索。     

西雅图社区花园的用地获取、功能分区和元素组成

社区花园在欧美具有悠久历史,在健康城市建设和促进社区发展方面的功效已经得到证实。目前,已针对社区花园的功能、类型、经营和科普等开展研究,但对土地获取和设计相关的研究较少。西雅图的社区花园历史悠久,并获得政府支持,是美国发展社区花园的城市典范。通过对西雅图23个典型案例进行调研,对用地获取方式、功能类型、分区和元素组成进行分类总结,为设计建造具有中国特色的社区花园提供启示。     

秘鲁绿山斑岩铜钼矿床地质特征及成因

绿山(Cerro Verde)斑岩铜钼矿床位于秘鲁南部古新世—始新世斑岩铜钼成矿带的北端。矿体赋存于前寒武系Charcani片麻岩、晚白垩世Yarabamba花岗闪长岩、古新世英安斑岩和石英电气石角砾岩中,热液蚀变由中心向外分别为:钾化带—泥化带—石英绢云母化带—青磐岩化带。矿床形成与板块俯冲有关的岛弧环境,受区域性印加普丘断裂控制,在古新世英安斑岩侵位,带来了大量成矿热液,形成了世界级的超大型斑岩铜钼矿床—绿山斑岩铜钼矿床。