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1.
为研究在常温(21±1)℃条件下不同搅拌方式对于厌氧氨氧化污泥复壮及运行影响,采用3组反应器(R1、R2、R3)搅拌方式分别为连续搅拌、间歇搅拌、间歇搅拌方式(R2、R3转速不同),对系统复壮及运行过程的脱氮性能、颗粒污泥性能等进行分析.结果表明,R1、R2、R3分别用10,2,2 d的时间氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮去除率接近100%,R2、R3的厌氧氨氧化速率更高,更适合厌氧氨氧化菌生长;周期实验结果可知,间歇搅拌方式形成的水流流化状态较弱,使反应器呈较低溶解氧的时间较长,更易抑制AOB活性,从而提高厌氧氨氧化菌活性;R1系统提供剪切力大,且持续与基质溶液接触,产生EPS多,稳定运行时期末,R1、R2、R3的颗粒污泥平均粒径为723,675,649μm.  相似文献   
2.
目的 开发环境友好、抗高温耐浓酸的长效缓蚀剂复配体系.方法 采用红外光谱仪对席夫碱基吡啶季铵盐的分子结构进行表征,采用高温高压腐蚀测定仪、吸附等温模型、动力学参数、扫描电镜和量子化学计算,研究了缓蚀剂对N80的缓蚀性能及其吸附机理.结果 在120、140、160℃温度下,随着席夫碱基吡啶季铵盐缓蚀剂(以下简称Shif-PyQA)质量分数的增大,腐蚀速率在低浓度时大幅减小,缓蚀率在低浓度时大幅增加,两者在高浓度时均逐渐趋于平稳.在所测温度范围内,N80在空白溶液中的腐蚀速率远大于在加有Shif-PyQA溶液中的腐蚀速率.随着温度的升高或反应时间的增加,N80的腐蚀速率持续增大,缓蚀率逐渐减小,但减小幅度不大.当温度为120℃、Shif-PyQA质量分数为2%时,N80在20%盐酸中的腐蚀速率为28.77 g/(m2·h),缓蚀率为97.97%;当温度为140℃、Shif-PyQA质量分数为3%时,N80在20%盐酸中的腐蚀速率为37.12 g/(m2·h),缓蚀率为97.71%;当温度为160℃、Shif-PyQA质量分数为4%时,N80在20%盐酸中的腐蚀速率为63.91 g/(m2·h),缓蚀率为96.41%.Shif-PyQA在N80表面的吸附遵循Langmuir等温吸附模型,属于单分子层化学吸附,且N80表面的吸附为自发过程.动力学参数结果表明,添加不同质量分数的Shif-PyQA后,活化能大大增加为74.16~88.43 kJ/mol,属化学吸附.量子化学研究表明,席夫碱基吡啶季铵盐(以下简称PyQ-S)分子可与金属形成多中心的稳定吸附,同时PyQ-S分子接受电子的趋势大于供出电子的趋势.结论 Shif-PyQA在温度为120、140、160℃时,均可达到SY/T 5405—2019中相关指标要求,对N80具有较好的缓蚀作用.  相似文献   
3.
This research aims to study the effect of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on the intumescent coating formulations (ICF). The coating presented in this research article is based on carbon source expandable graphite (EG), blowing agent melamine, acid source ammonium polyphosphate (APP), epoxy resin as a binder with polyamide amine. The stability of the developed coating was verified at 950°C for 1-hour fire test. The results showed that the coating is stable and well bond with the steel substrate. The char was characterized by using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, DTA, TGA, XPS, Py-GCMS and Weathering Test. The morphology of the char was studied by SEM of the coating after furnace fire test. XRD and FTIR show the presence of graphite, borophosphate; boron oxide and sassolite in the residual char. TGA and DTG disclosed that EG improved the residual mass of coating. XPS analysis showed the char residue of IF5-APP-EG contains carbon and oxygen contents 47.50 and 40.70, respectively. Py-GCMS analysis described that the IF5-APP-EG released less gaseous compounds. The weathering test illustrated that's the char expansion of coatings samples was decreased due to the presence of a humid environment and UV light. The IF5-APP-EG showed the maximum char expansion, lower substrate temperature and high residual weight among the studied formulations.  相似文献   
4.
Plant vacuoles are unique compartments that play a critical role in plant growth and development. The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), together with the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), generates the proton motive force that regulates multiple cell functions and impacts all aspects of plant life. We investigated the effect of V-ATPase activity in the vacuole on plant growth and development. We used an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. double mutant, vha-a2 vha-a3, which lacks two tonoplast-localized isoforms of the membrane-integral V-ATPase subunit VHA-a. The mutant is viable but exhibits impaired growth and leaf chlorosis. Nitrate assimilation led to excessive ammonium accumulation in the shoot and lower nitrogen uptake, which exacerbated growth retardation of vha-a2 vha-a3. Ion homeostasis was disturbed in plants with missing VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 genes, which might be related to limited growth. The reduced growth and excessive ammonium accumulation of the double mutant was alleviated by potassium supplementation. Our results demonstrate that plants lacking the two tonoplast-localized subunits of V-ATPase can be viable, although with defective growth caused by multiple factors, which can be alleviated by adding potassium. This study provided a new insight into the relationship between V-ATPase, growth, and ammonium accumulation, and revealed the role of potassium in mitigating ammonium toxicity.  相似文献   
5.
A novel series of cleavable alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants with different hydrocarbon chain lengths (C8–16) were synthesized. A carbonate break site inserted between the polar head and the hydrocarbon chain makes these compounds hydrolyzable. The reagents used are renewable, (bio)degradable, or reusable. The hydrolysis of these cleavable surfactants will lead to the generation of fatty alcohols and choline, which is an essential biological nutrient. The surface activities in aqueous solution of the synthesized carbonates fulfill the requirement of being good surfactants. In addition, the cleavable compounds containing n-decyl and n-dodecyl chains showed similar or higher antimicrobial activities when compared to a non-cleavable analog.  相似文献   
6.
The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine-formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon-forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde resin and the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char-forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core-shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine-formaldehyde resin-coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL-94 reached the V-0 level.  相似文献   
7.
为开发具有高效过滤性能的膜材料,以超支化季铵盐(HBP-HTC)为枝化促进剂,利用静电纺丝技术一步法制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)树枝状纳米纤维膜,探讨了纺丝工艺对纤维膜成形结构的影响,分析了树枝状纳米纤维膜的力学性能及其空气过滤性能。结果表明:由于HBP-HTC表面丰富的季铵基团具有对电荷的稳定富集作用,可获得比用小分子季铵盐制成膜更多的树枝状纳米纤维结构,当PVDF质量分数为12%,季铵基团添加量为 0.10 mol/L, 纺丝电压为25 kV时,制得的纤维膜树枝状覆盖率高达78.32%,且具有较好的力学性能;所制备的纳米纤维膜厚度为40 μm时,其过滤效率高达99.995%,而压降为122.4 Pa。  相似文献   
8.
季铵型瓜尔胶的制备及在纸质文献加固中的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
纸质文献是人类文明的瑰宝,大量的脆弱纸质文献亟待加固保护,因此急需探究一种与纸张纤维相容性好、操作简便、加固效果显著的材料。本研究对天然高分子瓜尔胶进行季铵化改性,制得取代度为0.137的季铵型瓜尔胶,改性产物具有更好的溶解性及稳定性,并将其应用于纸质文献加固。结果表明,相比未处理厚纸,加固处理后纸张的抗张强度从2.64 kN/m提升至3.16 kN/m、耐折度从7次提升至13次、撕裂度从161.5 mN提升至193.5 mN、零距抗张强度从65.0 kN/m提升至72.8 kN/m,分别提升了19.7%、85.7%、19.8%、12.0%。老化后色差变化为1.31,且不会对纸张及字迹颜色产生负面影响,证明季铵型瓜尔胶在纸质文献的加固中具有一定的应用前景。  相似文献   
9.
Manganese oxides of different crystalline structures: α-MnO2, δ-MnO2, α,γ-MnO2 and Mn2O3; were treated with the organic compounds picolinic acid, ethylenediamine and pyridine; and were applied as catalysts in the chemical water oxidation reaction using Ce(IV) ammonium nitrate as sacrificial oxidant. The treatment led to modifications in the oxides properties, such as reduction of the particle size, increase of surface area and partial reduction of Mn4+ to Mn3+ for the Mn(IV) oxides, or of Mn3+ to Mn2+ for Mn2O3, because of favored interactions of the organic molecules with the lattice planes with higher d spacing. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) tests showed the superior catalytic activity of the treated Mn(IV) oxides, for instance α,γ-MnO2-en presented TOF five times higher than pure α,γ-MnO2. The increase in surface area as well as the higher Mn3+ content caused by the treatment of the Mn(IV) oxides were correlated with the improvement in the OER catalytic activity.  相似文献   
10.
该研究以季铵盐对壳聚糖进行修饰改性,利用单因素实验分析了壳聚糖季铵盐的最优制备条件,通过傅里叶红外光谱、核磁氢谱对其结构进行了表征;并探究不同取代度的壳聚糖季铵盐制备的涂膜的机械性能;以壳聚糖季铵盐为原料,引入聚乙烯醇,纳米二氧化钛,丙三醇,采用溶液共混法制备了壳聚糖季铵盐复合膜,并通过傅里叶红外光谱、热重分析以及接触角对壳聚糖季铵盐复合涂膜的结构、性能进行分析。结果表明,壳聚糖季铵盐的最优制备条件为季铵盐与壳聚糖的质量比为3:1,反应时长为12 h,反应温度为80 ℃。此外,当壳聚糖季铵盐含量为50%(以聚乙烯醇为标准),纳米二氧化钛含量为1%,丙三醇含量为0.8%时,壳聚糖季铵盐复合膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率取得最优值,分别为19.38 MPa和55.78%。相应的壳聚糖季铵盐复合膜(19.38 MPa)的拉伸强度较壳聚糖复合膜(18.64 MPa)也高,这说明壳聚糖季铵盐的改性有利于增加涂膜的机械性能,为后续研究壳聚糖改性膜材料提供了一定的理论参考。  相似文献   
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