全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9076篇 |
免费 | 879篇 |
国内免费 | 327篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 74篇 |
技术理论 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 647篇 |
化学工业 | 5042篇 |
金属工艺 | 355篇 |
机械仪表 | 62篇 |
建筑科学 | 366篇 |
矿业工程 | 417篇 |
能源动力 | 104篇 |
轻工业 | 891篇 |
水利工程 | 87篇 |
石油天然气 | 602篇 |
武器工业 | 117篇 |
无线电 | 73篇 |
一般工业技术 | 620篇 |
冶金工业 | 738篇 |
原子能技术 | 59篇 |
自动化技术 | 27篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 21篇 |
2023年 | 97篇 |
2022年 | 202篇 |
2021年 | 263篇 |
2020年 | 258篇 |
2019年 | 235篇 |
2018年 | 211篇 |
2017年 | 265篇 |
2016年 | 312篇 |
2015年 | 319篇 |
2014年 | 494篇 |
2013年 | 540篇 |
2012年 | 685篇 |
2011年 | 691篇 |
2010年 | 493篇 |
2009年 | 528篇 |
2008年 | 429篇 |
2007年 | 561篇 |
2006年 | 539篇 |
2005年 | 502篇 |
2004年 | 432篇 |
2003年 | 391篇 |
2002年 | 337篇 |
2001年 | 277篇 |
2000年 | 246篇 |
1999年 | 215篇 |
1998年 | 154篇 |
1997年 | 102篇 |
1996年 | 92篇 |
1995年 | 69篇 |
1994年 | 73篇 |
1993年 | 51篇 |
1992年 | 37篇 |
1991年 | 26篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 28篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Elangeni Ana Gilbert Javier Fernando Guastavino Carolina Guadalupe Gutierrez María Verónica Lancelle Karen Russell-White Marcelo César Murguía 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2021,24(3):411-419
A novel series of cleavable alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants with different hydrocarbon chain lengths (C8–16) were synthesized. A carbonate break site inserted between the polar head and the hydrocarbon chain makes these compounds hydrolyzable. The reagents used are renewable, (bio)degradable, or reusable. The hydrolysis of these cleavable surfactants will lead to the generation of fatty alcohols and choline, which is an essential biological nutrient. The surface activities in aqueous solution of the synthesized carbonates fulfill the requirement of being good surfactants. In addition, the cleavable compounds containing n-decyl and n-dodecyl chains showed similar or higher antimicrobial activities when compared to a non-cleavable analog. 相似文献
2.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(42):18566-18575
In this study, a sulfidogenic reactor fed with microalgal biomass of Chlorella pyrenoidosa as an electron donor was operated in a continuous mode. This study evaluated the influence of various initial sulfate concentration from 1.0 to 2.5 g/L on anaerobic sulfate reduction kinetics by a sulfidogenic enrichment culture predominantly Desulfovibrio sp. VSV2. It was observed that volumetric sulfate reduction rate (VSRR) was consistently increasing with an increase in volumetric sulfate loading rate (VSLR) across the retention time of 7–10 days. For a retention time of 7 days, the maximum VSRR was noted as 0.0050 g/(L.h) with a corresponding VSLR of 0.0089 g/(L.h). When retention time was maintained for 10 days, a maximum sulfate reduction of 65% and a maximum bacterial concentration of 1.632 g/L were achieved for an initial sulfate concentration of 1.5 g/L. It was concluded that VSLR facilitated through both dilution rate and initial sulfate concentration had a significant influence over sulfate reduction kinetics. The results of the study suggested that the microalgal-fed sulfidogenic system could be effectively employed for reduction of sulfate from sulfate-rich wastewater. 相似文献
3.
Cell surface proteoglycans are known to be important regulators of many aspects of cell behavior. The principal family of transmembrane proteoglycans is the syndecans, of which there are four in mammals. Syndecan-1 is mostly restricted to epithelia, and bears heparan sulfate chains that are capable of interacting with a large array of polypeptides, including extracellular matrix components and potent mediators of proliferation, adhesion and migration. For this reason, it has been studied extensively with respect to carcinomas and tumor progression. Frequently, but not always, syndecan-1 levels decrease as tumor grade, stage and invasiveness and dedifferentiation increase. This parallels experiments that show depletion of syndecan-1 can be accompanied by loss of cadherin-mediated adhesion. However, in some tumors, levels of syndecan-1 increase, but the characterization of its distribution is relevant. There can be loss of membrane staining, but acquisition of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining that is abnormal. Moreover, the appearance of syndecan-1 in the tumor stroma, either associated with its cellular component or the collagenous matrix, is nearly always a sign of poor prognosis. Given its relevance to myeloma progression, syndecan-1-directed antibody—toxin conjugates are being tested in clinical and preclinical trials, and may have future relevance to some carcinomas. 相似文献
4.
Ivan Kushkevych Blanka Hýov Monika Vítzov Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(8)
This paper is devoted to microscopic methods for the identification of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In this context, it describes various habitats, morphology and techniques used for the detection and identification of this very heterogeneous group of anaerobic microorganisms. SRB are present in almost every habitat on Earth, including freshwater and marine water, soils, sediments or animals. In the oil, water and gas industries, they can cause considerable economic losses due to their hydrogen sulfide production; in periodontal lesions and the colon of humans, they can cause health complications. Although the role of these bacteria in inflammatory bowel diseases is not entirely known yet, their presence is increased in patients and produced hydrogen sulfide has a cytotoxic effect. For these reasons, methods for the detection of these microorganisms were described. Apart from selected molecular techniques, including metagenomics, fluorescence microscopy was one of the applied methods. Especially fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in various modifications was described. This method enables visual identification of SRB, determining their abundance and spatial distribution in environmental biofilms and gut samples. 相似文献
5.
Fernando L.G. Silva Amanda G. Veiga Nakédia M.F. Carvalho 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(21):11677-11687
Manganese oxides of different crystalline structures: α-MnO2, δ-MnO2, α,γ-MnO2 and Mn2O3; were treated with the organic compounds picolinic acid, ethylenediamine and pyridine; and were applied as catalysts in the chemical water oxidation reaction using Ce(IV) ammonium nitrate as sacrificial oxidant. The treatment led to modifications in the oxides properties, such as reduction of the particle size, increase of surface area and partial reduction of Mn4+ to Mn3+ for the Mn(IV) oxides, or of Mn3+ to Mn2+ for Mn2O3, because of favored interactions of the organic molecules with the lattice planes with higher d spacing. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) tests showed the superior catalytic activity of the treated Mn(IV) oxides, for instance α,γ-MnO2-en presented TOF five times higher than pure α,γ-MnO2. The increase in surface area as well as the higher Mn3+ content caused by the treatment of the Mn(IV) oxides were correlated with the improvement in the OER catalytic activity. 相似文献
6.
采用化学沉淀法制备了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)改性的纳米酸镍(记为NiFe2O4-S),利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、能谱(EDS)、透射电镜(TEM)、BET比表面等技术手段对样品进行了表征。采用多相芬顿氧化技术,以亚甲基蓝溶液为模拟污染物废水,研究了SDS对铁酸镍的改性效果、亚甲基蓝溶液初始pH以及催化剂循环使用等不同条件因素对样品类芬顿催化活性的影响。结果显示,经SDS改性后的NiFe2O4-S比纯相NiFe2O4表现出了更优异的催化性能,NiFe2O4-S对酸性(pH=3.5)、近中性(pH=6.5)和碱性(pH=9.5)的亚甲基蓝溶液均有着较好的催化降解效果;NiFe2O4-S具有良好的催化稳定性和重复使用性。对该催化反应体系的作用机理进行了详细探讨,NiFe2O4-S表现出优异的类芬顿催化活性归因于更强的电子转移能力,吸附的SDS能促进H2O2和 分别与表面Fe3+反应将其还原转化为Fe2+。·OH是直接分解亚甲基蓝的活性物种,反应中NiFe2O4-S表面较高浓度的Fe2+可以有效地把H2O2分解为·OH。SDS增强了催化剂表面对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力,促进了·OH与亚甲基蓝的分解反应。 相似文献
7.
Preliminary results on a single‐crystal nickel‐based superalloy indicated that hot corrosion can occur at temperatures as low as 550°C, where liquid formation, generally believed to be responsible for Type II hot corrosion, is not predicted. Additional tests were conducted on pure‐nickel samples at 650°C and below to more clearly elucidate the mechanism of this very low‐temperature hot corrosion. Environments in dry air and O2‐(2.5, 10, 100, and 1000) ppm SO2 were studied. Based on the results obtained, a solid‐state corrosion mechanism was inferred. The mechanism relies on the formation of a previously unreported compound phase, which was identified using transmission electron microscope analysis that indicated the stoichiometry of Na2Ni2SO5. Furthermore, it was nanocrystalline in structure and metastable. It was deduced that the Na2Ni2SO5 formation was responsible for the rapid nickel transport required for the observed accelerated corrosion process. Moreover, its eventual decomposition resulted in a mixed product of porous NiO with embedded particles of Na2SO4. Application of the proposed mechanism to nickel‐based alloys is discussed. 相似文献
8.
9.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2019,44(24):12309-12314
Thermochemical water splitting cycles (TWSCs) are processes with the potential for large-scale production of carbon-free hydrogen. Among these, the sulfur-family thermochemical cycles are considered the most promising due to both, the use of readily affordable chemical reagents and the temperature required to thermally decompose oxygenated sulfur compounds, which is achievable by solar means. Indeed, solar heat assisted metal sulfate decomposition is a key step, where catalysis can be employed to reduce decomposition temperature. Here we present a green route to synthesize Ag-Pd and Fe-Pd intermetallic alloy catalysts supported over γ-Al2O3 and Si-C by a microwave-assisted method using glycerol both as a solvent and as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The obtained supported catalysts were physicochemically characterized. Fe-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the best performance, abating the zinc sulfate decomposition temperature by ca. 85 °C in comparison with other reported catalysts. 相似文献
10.
Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) on internal pipeline surfaces has become a severe problem during the water injection process in secondary oil recovery. The formation of a biofilm, normally dominated by sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB), is believed to be the critical step of the MIC process. A continuously fed biofilm simulating the water injection process was operated to investigate the influence of biofilm development on MIC behavior in the early phase of corrosion development. The development of the corrosion product film and biofilm was monitored for 5 months with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance, scanning electron microscopy, 3D optical profiling, and direct weight measurement. MIC development was found to comprise three phases: initialization, transition, and stabilization. The initialization phase involved the formation of the corrosion product layer and the initial attachment of the sessile microbes on metal surface. In the transition phase, the MIC process gradually shifted from charge‐transfer‐controlled reaction to diffusion‐controlled reaction. The stabilization phase featured mature and compact biofilm on the metal surface, and the general corrosion rate (CR) decreased due to the diffusional effect, while the pitting CR was enhanced at a lower carbon source level, which supported the mechanism of direct electron uptake from the metal surface by SRB. 相似文献