Elemental analysis of cemented carbides by calibration-free portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The process of cemented carbides manufacturing requires rapid and field elemental analytical techniques to control and evaluate the properties of products. Calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) is such a potential elemental analytical technique. In this work, a portable LIBS instrument combined with a CF method was developed for the analysis of cemented carbides. Three batches of cemented compact carbides without reference samples were analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples were achieved by using the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method. To validate the analysis results, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was used to analyze the samples as well. The results of CF-LIBS agreed well with the results of XRF, with relative errors between ?29.53 and 24.70%. The results demonstrated that the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method was capable for direct and rapid analysis without any need of standard measurements. Notably, with the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method, acceptable accuracy could be obtained, which is promising for practical field applications.     

Elastic modulus of nanocrystalline cemented carbide

The purposes of this work were to obtain the accurate elastic modulus of the nanocrystalline WC–Co cemented carbides, and to propose the mechanism for the difference of elastic modulus between the nanocrystalline and conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides. The nanocrystalline cemented carbide was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides were prepared by SPS and sinter-HIP techniques as references, respectively. The sintered cemented carbides were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and the transmission electron microscopy with precession electron diffraction technology. The elastic modulus was obtained by averaging the values measured with the continuous stiffness measurement method of the nanoindentation technology. The results show that the nanocrystalline cemented carbide has a relatively low modulus, which could be attributed to the more interface area and higher fraction ratio of the hcp cobalt phase caused by the rapid heating and cooling process during SPS.     

基于光储频的超宽带相控阵干扰系统设计

瞄准现代化信息战争中有源电子干扰超宽带、大功率、多目标作战能力需求,将超宽带光储频技术与有源相控阵相技术相结合,构建并设计了一套基于光储频的超宽带相控阵干扰系统。基于光延时网络结合波分复用技术实现超宽带光储频,并通过实时时间延时技术实现超宽带有源相控阵发射多波束合成。系统具有大有效辐射功率发射、同时多波束发射以及超宽带瞬时干扰特性,有效解决了传统数字储频、非功率合成体制有源电子干扰系统有效辐射功率小、多波束能力不足、干扰带宽受限等问题。     

全尾砂和废石联合胶结充填体最佳配比及应用

针对红岭铅锌矿分级充填骨料来源不足、地表废石堆积污染环境的情况,提出将该矿选厂产生的全尾砂和地表废石作为充填骨料的联合胶结充填方案。分别测试了全尾砂和地表废石的物理化学性质,验证了碎石和全尾砂作为联合充填骨料的可行性。通过充填配比试验,分析了不同配比全尾砂废石充填体强度特性,得出了最佳充填配比。结果表明,充填试块的强度随灰砂比减小而减小,随养护龄期增加呈增大趋势,随充填料浆质量浓度增大而增大,最佳配比为: 胶结充填灰砂比1∶8、普通充填灰砂比1∶12,全尾砂∶废石配比4∶6,质量浓度78%。根据研究结果,在红岭铅锌矿进行了全尾砂废石充填技术工业应用,证实该技术可行。     

原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末制备超细YG6硬质合金

将原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末采用干袋式冷等静压压制成型(压制压力1×10~8 Pa、保压时间15 s),将压制好的坯料采用低压烧结炉烧结(烧结温度1360℃、烧结时间40 min、加压5 MPa、保温保压时间20 min),烧结制备超细YG6硬质合金,对合金的形貌、金相组织及物理力学性能进行分析。结果表明:原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末制备的超细YG6硬质合金,晶粒异常长大,WC平均晶粒尺寸为0.8μm,硬度HV_(30)为(21500±100) MPa,较传统超细YG6X硬度高。再将WC-6Co复合粉末采用滚动湿磨、压力式喷雾干燥、掺成型剂、挤压成型、低压烧结等工序制备超细YG6硬质合金,研究不同晶粒长大抑制剂配比、球磨时间、挤压压力、烧结温度对合金性能的影响。结果表明:添加0.3%VC、0.8%Cr_3C_2(质量分数),湿磨48 h,挤压压力24 MPa,烧结温度1340℃,制备的超细YG6硬质合金WC晶粒均匀,无异常长大的WC晶粒,WC平均晶粒度尺寸0.4μm,呈多边形,外形较圆。强度、硬度最高,抗弯强度TRS为(2250±20) MPa、硬度HV30为(22600±100) MPa。断口形貌为沿晶断裂,沿WC与WC晶界断裂或WC与Co晶界断裂。     

基于P波模量的原位胶结充填体强度预测模型研究

原位胶结充填体质量评价通常采用单轴抗压强度作为表征指标,由于在现场工程中无法快速、准确获取充填体的强度值,因此需要建立一种参数易于获取且准确的原位胶结充填体强度预测模型。基于胶结充填体物理力学参数的内在联系,从量纲平衡的角度探索了胶结充填体单轴抗压强度与P波模量的关系。根据C矿和I矿两种原位胶结充填体的密度、P波速度及取芯强度的测试数据,采用线性拟合的方法获得了基于P波模量的原位胶结充填体强度预测模型。通过对C矿和I矿的强度预测模型拟合效果分析可知,P波模量与取芯强度呈正相关性,且拟合效果较好,证明原位胶结充填体强度预测模型精度高,具有很强的实用性。     

北洺河铁矿全尾砂胶结充填治理塌陷区的可行性研究

北洺河铁矿为践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”的绿色发展理念,探索利用选厂尾矿治理地表塌陷区方案。通过对北洺河铁矿塌陷区稳定性分析以及对全尾砂膏体制备、输送、胶结充填技术可行性试验研究,并结合经济估算、环境和社会效益等综合分析,认为全尾砂胶结充填治理塌陷区的方案可行。     

碱激发铜镍水淬冶炼渣制备充填胶凝材料研究

为研究某铜镍矿产出的铜镍水淬冶炼渣大宗量处置技术,基于铜镍水淬冶炼渣制备充填胶凝材料的可行性和技术工艺,本研究开展了冶炼渣粉磨试验和激光粒度分析、基于冶炼渣的碱激发胶凝材料配比正交试验、充填体试块单轴抗压强度试验、充填体试块及胶凝材料净浆试块SEM测试,结果表明:该铜镍矿冶炼厂产出的铜镍水淬冶炼渣有一定的火山灰活性,但其火山灰活性较低;实验室配制的碱激发剂对该铜镍水淬冶炼渣激发作用不明显;该冶炼渣的最佳粉磨时间为50min,D(0.5)为28μm。在普通硅酸盐水泥为主要胶凝材料的碱性充填料浆中,冶炼渣的掺入引起了钙矾石生成量的增加,随着粉磨冶炼渣粒径的减小,冶炼渣颗粒表面的溶蚀现象越来越明显。     

大红山铜矿285中段连续开采中胶结矿柱经济分析

大红山铜矿285中段铜铁合采区原矿品位较低,采用胶结充填体置换矿柱开采可能亏损,矿山未建立胶结充填体置换矿柱开采的利润测算方法。利用285中段铜铁合采区标准矿块测算胶结矿柱开采的直接成本,结合中段建设费用分摊和销售费用,建立胶结矿柱开采的利润测算方法,最终完成285中段胶结矿柱开采的利润测算,为胶结矿柱开采提供指导依据。     

急倾斜极薄矿脉采矿方法优选研究

对于急倾斜极薄矿脉的开采国内外最常用的采矿方法是浅孔留矿法，实践表明，该法存在人工劳动强度大、矿石贫化率高等缺点。通过采矿方法的技术经济比较认为，在矿产品价格上涨的经济形势下，机械化削壁充填法具有诸多优点，是该类矿体的首选方法。