基准平面垂直断面法在爆破漏斗试验中的应用

系统阐述了基准平面垂直断面法在爆破漏斗试验中测量爆破漏斗体积的基本原理,并将隧道激光断面仪应用于金厂河矿1 750 m水平15^#采场底部切割巷道爆破漏斗试验爆破漏斗体积测量中。通过与传统体重法等计算法所得漏斗体积分析比较,结果表明基于隧道激光断面仪与3D Mine软件分析的基准平面垂直断面法实用性强、操作方便、结果直观可靠,达到试验预期目的。     

Experimental study on the propagation characteristics of hydrogen/methane/air premixed flames in a narrow channel

This work is focused on the explosion characteristics of premixed gas containing different volume fractions of hydrogen in a narrow channel (1000 mm × 50 mm × 10 mm) under the circumstance of stoichiometric ratio. The ignition positions were set in the closed end and the middle of the pipeline respectively. The results showed that when the gas was ignited at the pipeline closed end, the propagating flame was tulip structure for different premixed gas. When the hydrogen volume fraction was less than 40%, the flame propagation speed increased significantly with the rise of hydrogen volume fraction, and the overpressure peak also appeared obviously in advance. However, when the volume fraction of hydrogen was more than 40%, the increase of flame propagation speed and the overpressure peak occurrence time varied slightly. Furthermore, when the ignition position was placed in the middle of the pipeline, the flame propagation speed propagating to the opening end was much faster than that propagating to the closing end, and there was no tulip shape when the flame propagates to the opening end. The flame propagating to the closed end appeared tulip shape under the influence of airflow, and high-frequency flame oscillation occurred during the propagation. This work shows that the hydrogen volume fraction and ignition position significantly affected the flame structure, flame front speed, and explosion overpressure.     

Design of geocell reinforced roads through fragility modeling

Several studies have confirmed the geocell reinforcement system as potential road material. However, there is a wide gap between the number of research studies evaluating the geocell in the laboratory and those dealing with road design methods using the geocell. Due to this gap, the geocell system has not reached its full potential in highways. The present study proposes fragility modeling to design low volume roads by considering the geocell reinforced layer's modulus. A predictive model was developed to estimate the geocell layer's modulus using laboratory and finite element analysis results. The results indicate that geocell reinforcement reduces the stresses on the underlying road layers. The developed fragility approach is then used to examine three road designs for Texas's low volume road involving different geocell reinforced layers. The obtained fragility curves indicate the reliability of each of the three road designs against the traffic load and can thereby assist decision-makers in selecting the optimum design. By designing geocell reinforced roads via fragility modeling, highway officials will be able to integrate any uncertainties in the design inputs and check designs against road performance criteria such as rutting and fatigue cracking, and against decision criteria such as cost, emissions, etc.     

某金矿开采项目矿坑疏排水量预测及环境影响分析

矿坑疏排水量是矿山环境保护及安全生产的重要指标,为了合理预测矿坑疏排水量并探讨其对周边环境的影响,本文以湖北某金矿为例,在充分掌握矿区地质及水文地质特征的基础上,采用符合实际条件的解析法模型结合大气降水汇入量对矿坑疏排水量进行了预测,并分析了矿坑疏排水对周边村庄饮用水、温泉、地表水及生态用水的影响,以期为类似水文地质条件的矿区进行环境保护及安全生产提供依据。     

An experimental study on the spray characteristics of pressure nozzle in a fluid bed granulation

The particles with a narrow size distribution are proper products in a fluid bed granulation and coating. As well, the process efficiency is one of the most important parameters, and the wall deposition of sprayed liquid reduces it. The modality of spray volume distribution is a key parameter in the definition of particle size distribution and process efficiency. This work is done in two steps: In the first step, an experimental study on spray characteristics including spray flux distribution, spray cone angle, and discharge coefficient is conducted. Based on the experimental data, the curves of liquid volume flux versus nozzle pressure and height are obtained. The results indicate that the flux distribution changes significantly with even small pressure and height changes. In the second step, the granulation process is carried out in a semi-industrial conical fluid bed, and the particles size distribution curves and the deposited mass on the bed wall are obtained. The results show that the precise determination of the spray flux distribution is an appropriate way to predict the well-advised nozzle pressure/height in order to achieve the narrow particle size distribution and high efficiency of the process.     

Study of the influence of notch radii and temperature on the probability of failure: A methodology to perform a combined assessment

The fracture assessment of notched components based on cracked components approaches leads to over‐conservative failure predictions. In the research literature, several approaches are proposed to overcome this problem using an apparent fracture toughness, . Nevertheless, most of these approaches are based on deterministic assumptions despite the large and variable scatter exhibited by for different notch radii (ρ) or temperatures (T). This paper proposes a methodology for deriving a probabilistic field including the effect of temperature on the failure of notched components. First, the theory of critical distances is applied to transform each apparent fracture toughness into the equivalent fracture toughness for ρ = 0. Then, the temperature is supposed to act as a scale effect in the Weibull cumulative distribution function of the equivalent fracture toughness, and the corresponding scale effect function is derived. Finally, the applicability of the proposed methodology is illustrated by an example using two ferritic‐pearlitic steels: S275JR and S355J2.     

The impacts of cattle access points on deposited sediment levels in headwater streams in Ireland

Cattle access to streams has been linked globally with degradation of stream water quality, driven largely by bank erosion and resultant instream, fine sediment deposition. The majority of evidence on such effects is however based in arid and semiarid regions of the United States and Australia, with few studies relating to cool temperate climates such as Northwest Europe. In this study, “Quorer” resuspendable sediment samples were taken from riffle geomorphic units upstream (control) and at two points downstream (pressure and recovery) of cattle access points in headwater streams in agricultural catchments in Ireland to assess levels of deposited stream sediment. Samples were taken in April/May (2016) prior to the grazing season and in October (2016) at the end of the grazing season. Sites in good‐high ecological status catchments and less than good ecological status catchments were included in the study. Higher levels of sediment were found downstream of cattle access points in both good‐high status and less than good status catchments; however, the impacts of access points were spatially confined to, in most cases, the area immediately downstream of the point of access. There was a strong correlation between deposited sediment mass and organic matter (OM) mass, with levels of OM increasing linearly with deposited sediment mass. Levels of measured sediment were negatively correlated with riparian habitat health (measured using a qualitative habitat assessment). The results of this study highlight the need for measures to prevent cattle access to headwater streams where access points can be many in order to manage local habitat quality and downstream water quality issues.     

电驱液压式大截面导线压接设备自动化研究

现有的压接设备可控性差、操作复杂,导致压接质量因人而异。针对此问题,提出了基于DDVC技术的导线压接设备自动化控制方案,建立了速度控制系统数学模型,应用Simulink进行仿真,分析系统性能。建立了基于DEFORM的耐张线夹压接实验模型,获得了耐张线夹压接的最佳加载速度曲线,并以此作为压接设备速度控制系统的Simulink仿真模型输入,对压接过程进行了仿真分析。结果表明:开环控制时系统存在一定的超调,加入PID控制后可有效抑制超调;所设计的压接设备可很好地跟随最佳压接曲线,跟随误差仅为0. 904 mm·s-1。研究成果对改进压接设备、提高压接质量提供了新的解决方案。     

温度和放散空间体积对等容变压法测定瓦斯放散初速度的影响分析

在煤矿煤与瓦斯突出防治工作中，瓦斯放散初速度（ΔP）是一个重要的指标。通过资料对比、理论分析、实验研究对瓦斯放散初速度测定中温度、放散空间体积等对测定的影响进行了研究。研究表明瓦斯放散初速度在煤样一定的情况下与放散空间体积和实验温度有关。随着温度的升高，瓦斯放散初速度减小，减小的幅度和煤样自身的瓦斯放散初速度大小有关。放散空间体积越大，瓦斯放散初速度越小；不同煤样放散空间体积对瓦斯放散初速度影响不同。建议瓦斯放散初速度测定应在恒定温度下进行，实验温度建议与井下温度相同，仪器的放散空间体误差应小于1 mL。     

农产品真菌毒素混合污染与累积风险评估研究进展

真菌毒素混合污染危害人畜及农作物健康。目前真菌毒素累积风险评估研究多针对常见的混合污染物,且国内研究较少。此外,毒理学数据及居民消费数据较缺乏,科学的采样方法及人体暴露量的测定方法有待改进。本文阐述了现有的农产品真菌毒素混合污染物的累积风险评估方法以及存在的问题,在危害描述方面,不同含量的真菌毒素混合物在不同动物细胞的体内或体外实验中产生的联合毒性存在差异;在暴露评估方面,基于概率评估的膳食暴露评估和基于生物标记物的暴露评估方法研究日益增多;在风险描述方面,已报道的针对真菌毒素的方法包括危害指数(hazard index,HI)和联合暴露限量值指数(combined margin of exposure index,MOET)。提出了开展真菌毒素混合污染风险评估的必要性,以期为保护人体健康、制定真菌毒素混合污染物限量标准和健康指导值提供基础。